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Prokaryotes
and
Eukaryotes
Notes
Two main types of cells…
1.Prokaryotes
2.Eukaryotes
The Diversity of Life
Begins with
simple prokaryotic cells
complex eukaryotic cells
Ends with
The Six Kingdoms
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
1. Eubacteria (Monera) 1. Animals
2. Archaebacteria 2. Plants
3. Fungi
4.
Protista
Prokaryotes
(pro = before, karyote = nucleus
 before there was a nucleus)
• The Earth’s first living things
• The simplest life forms exhibiting
(showing) cellular structures
• The Earth’s most abundant inhabitants
Prokaryotes
• Prokaryotes can survive in a wide range of
environments
– can withstand extreme temperatures
– extreme pH levels
– can live in areas of no oxygen or no water
• obtain their energy in a variety of ways
-some can make their own food
(autotrophs)
-some have to find their food
(heterotrophs)
Archaebacteria
Hot Spring (Yellowstone National Park)
Hot Spring (Yellowstone National
Park)
Boiling Mudpot: Lassen Volcanic
National Park, California
Volcano
Antarctica
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotic cells exist in two major kingdom:
– Eubacteria (Monera)
• Most of the common bacteria
that are found everywhere
– Archaebacteria (archae=ancient or
old)
• Ancient bacteria that
live in very extreme conditions only
found in certain places on Earth.
Eukaryotes
(eu = true, karyote = nucleus 
they have a real or true nucleus)
• Eukaryotes arose from prokaryotes
and developed into larger and more complex
organisms.
• Examples include some unicellular protists
to multicellular fungi, plants, and animals.
• HINT: Remember YOU are a
EUKARYOTE!
Age
• Prokaryotes: Older- 3.5 billion yrs
• Eukaryotes: Younger- 1.5 billion yrs
Cell Size
• Prokaryotes: very,VERY small
• Eukaryotes: very small to large
Covering around genetic material
and other cell parts
• Prokaryotes: no membrane
covering around the genetic
material (DNA) and other cell parts
• No Nucleus
• Eukaryotes:
– membrane-bound nucleus (with
DNA) and other membrane-bound cell
parts.
Cell parts
• Prokaryotes:
–Only a few types of cell parts
–Simple
• Eukaryotes:
–Many different cell parts
–Complex
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes key
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes key

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Prokaryotes and eukaryotes key

  • 2. Two main types of cells… 1.Prokaryotes 2.Eukaryotes
  • 3. The Diversity of Life Begins with simple prokaryotic cells complex eukaryotic cells Ends with
  • 4. The Six Kingdoms Prokaryotic Eukaryotic 1. Eubacteria (Monera) 1. Animals 2. Archaebacteria 2. Plants 3. Fungi 4. Protista
  • 5. Prokaryotes (pro = before, karyote = nucleus  before there was a nucleus) • The Earth’s first living things • The simplest life forms exhibiting (showing) cellular structures • The Earth’s most abundant inhabitants
  • 6. Prokaryotes • Prokaryotes can survive in a wide range of environments – can withstand extreme temperatures – extreme pH levels – can live in areas of no oxygen or no water • obtain their energy in a variety of ways -some can make their own food (autotrophs) -some have to find their food (heterotrophs)
  • 8. Hot Spring (Yellowstone National Park)
  • 9. Hot Spring (Yellowstone National Park)
  • 10. Boiling Mudpot: Lassen Volcanic National Park, California
  • 13. Prokaryotes Prokaryotic cells exist in two major kingdom: – Eubacteria (Monera) • Most of the common bacteria that are found everywhere – Archaebacteria (archae=ancient or old) • Ancient bacteria that live in very extreme conditions only found in certain places on Earth.
  • 14. Eukaryotes (eu = true, karyote = nucleus  they have a real or true nucleus) • Eukaryotes arose from prokaryotes and developed into larger and more complex organisms. • Examples include some unicellular protists to multicellular fungi, plants, and animals. • HINT: Remember YOU are a EUKARYOTE!
  • 15. Age • Prokaryotes: Older- 3.5 billion yrs • Eukaryotes: Younger- 1.5 billion yrs
  • 16. Cell Size • Prokaryotes: very,VERY small • Eukaryotes: very small to large
  • 17. Covering around genetic material and other cell parts • Prokaryotes: no membrane covering around the genetic material (DNA) and other cell parts • No Nucleus • Eukaryotes: – membrane-bound nucleus (with DNA) and other membrane-bound cell parts.
  • 18. Cell parts • Prokaryotes: –Only a few types of cell parts –Simple • Eukaryotes: –Many different cell parts –Complex