This document outlines the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It notes that there are two main types of cells - prokaryotes, which are the simplest life forms and earliest inhabitants of Earth, and eukaryotes, which developed from prokaryotes and include more complex multicellular organisms like animals, plants and fungi. Prokaryotes exist in two kingdoms - bacteria and archaebacteria, which can survive in extreme environments, while eukaryotes are larger and have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles.
3. The Diversity of Life
Begins with
simple prokaryotic cells
complex eukaryotic cells
Ends with
4. The Six Kingdoms
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
1. Eubacteria (Monera) 1. Animals
2. Archaebacteria 2. Plants
3. Fungi
4.
Protista
5. Prokaryotes
(pro = before, karyote = nucleus
before there was a nucleus)
• The Earth’s first living things
• The simplest life forms exhibiting
(showing) cellular structures
• The Earth’s most abundant inhabitants
6. Prokaryotes
• Prokaryotes can survive in a wide range of
environments
– can withstand extreme temperatures
– extreme pH levels
– can live in areas of no oxygen or no water
• obtain their energy in a variety of ways
-some can make their own food
(autotrophs)
-some have to find their food
(heterotrophs)
13. Prokaryotes
Prokaryotic cells exist in two major kingdom:
– Eubacteria (Monera)
• Most of the common bacteria
that are found everywhere
– Archaebacteria (archae=ancient or
old)
• Ancient bacteria that
live in very extreme conditions only
found in certain places on Earth.
14. Eukaryotes
(eu = true, karyote = nucleus
they have a real or true nucleus)
• Eukaryotes arose from prokaryotes
and developed into larger and more complex
organisms.
• Examples include some unicellular protists
to multicellular fungi, plants, and animals.
• HINT: Remember YOU are a
EUKARYOTE!
17. Covering around genetic material
and other cell parts
• Prokaryotes: no membrane
covering around the genetic
material (DNA) and other cell parts
• No Nucleus
• Eukaryotes:
– membrane-bound nucleus (with
DNA) and other membrane-bound cell
parts.