Jewelry is personal adornment worn for ornamentation, to display wealth or rank, or for cultural reasons. It is made from a variety of materials like precious metals, gemstones, shells, and wood. Jewelry has been used as currency, to symbolize status or membership, for functional purposes like clasps, and for protection with amulets. Creating jewelry involves setting precious materials like gems into metals using techniques like engraving or applying enamel. Jewelry has impacted societies by denoting status and being influenced by religion and cultural norms around displays of wealth.

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS

7. BODY MODIFICATION Jewelry used in body modification is usually plain; the use of simple silver studs, rings and earrings predominates. Common jewelry pieces such as earrings, are themselves a form of body modification, as they are accommodated by creating a small hole in the ear.