Information technology by Hiresh Ahluwalia

Assignment on Information technology Submitted to:Submitted by: Professor jasdeep kaurHiresh ahluwalia Lecturer MBA departmentRoll No- 2113 DAVIET, jalandhar INDEX ContentsPage numberssignatureQ: 1. what is IT and its application?3-6Q: 2. What is internet and what are its various applications?6Q: 3. What is voice over internet protocol?6-7Q: 4. What is Voice Conferencing7Q: 5. what is Video conferencing?8Q: 6. What is a network? what are its various types? 9-12Q: 7. what are various types of TRANSMISSION MEDIA?12-16Q. 8. Explain DBMS17Q: 9. Different DBMS software?18Q. 10. Define MS-Access?18Q: 11. How to create tables in MS ACCESS ?19Q: 12. How to create a query in Microsoft Access?21Q: 13. What are steps involved in creating a form in Access?22Q: 14. How to create a report in Microsoft Access? 24Q: 15. What is a macro? 27 Q: 1. what is IT and its application? ANS: 1. IT (definition): The Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) defines Information Technology as: quot;
The study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware.quot;
 In simple words IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect process, transmit, and securely retrieve information. Applications of Information Technology: ,[object Object],1). Technology has opened up new markets, new products, new services and efficient delivery channels for the banking industry. Online electronics banking, mobile banking and internet banking are just a few examples. 2). Information Technology has also provided banking industry with the wherewithal to deal with the challenges the new economy poses. Information technology has been the cornerstone of recent financial sector reforms aimed at increasing the speed and reliability of financial operations and of initiatives to strengthen the banking sector. 3). The IT revolution has set the stage for unprecedented increase in financial activity across the globe. The progress of technology and the development of world wide networks have significantly reduced the cost of global funds transfer. 4). It is information technology which enables banks in meeting such high expectations of the customers who are more demanding and are also more techno-savvy compared to their counterparts of the yester years. They demand instant, anytime and anywhere banking facilities. 5). IT has been providing solutions to banks to take care of their accounting and back office requirements. This has, however, now given way to large scale usage in services aimed at the customer of the banks. IT also facilitates the introduction of new delivery channels--in the form of Automated Teller Machines, Net Banking, Mobile Banking and the like. Further, IT deployment has assumed such high levels that it is no longer possible for banks to manage their IT implementations on a stand alone basis with IT revolution, banks are increasingly interconnecting their computer systems not only across branches in a city but also to other geographic locations with high-speed network infrastructure, and setting up local area and wide area networks and connecting them to the Internet. As a result, information systems and networks are now exposed to a growing number. Technology Products: ,[object Object]

(7). e-Monies Electronic Fund Transfer

(8). Online Payment of Excise & Service Tax

(10). Bill PaymentApplication of IT in Railways: Computers and Information Technology are widely used in the railway system and railway industry. e.g. Tracking, scheduling, monitoring and reporting railway traffic. Design of railway track systems and railway vehicles. Managing Railway construction projects. Pricing and ticketing. Administration, such as Accounting and financial controls Statutory records and reports Financial reports and taxation requirements Letter writing, staff records, payroll. Managing carriage of goods, such as Recording and tracking movement of goods, pricing, invoicing. Accident and incident records and statistical analysis. Customer relations: Analysis of customer questionnaires etc Daily operations: monitoring lines and enabling control of signals and track-switching. Application of IT in Business: Computers in Business One of the first and largest applications of computers is keeping and managing business and financial records. Most large companies keep the employment records of all their workers in large databases that are managed by computer programs. Similar programs and databases are used in such business functions as billing customers, tracking payments received and payments to be made, and tracking supplies needed and items produced, stored, shipped, and sold. In fact, practically all the information companies need to do business involves the use of computers and information technology. How Information Technology involved in Retailing Operations* Forecasting: Forecasting is the process of estimation in unknown situations. It's an essential and very important process in any business organization. Business leaders and economists are continually involved in the process of trying to forecast, or predict, the future of business in the economy. Business leaders engage in this process because much of what happens in businesses today depends on what is going to happen in the future. * Retail Demand Forecasting: Modern demand-forecasting systems provide new opportunities to improve retail performance. Although the art of the individual merchant may never be replaced, it can be augmented by an efficient, objective and scientific approach to forecasting demand.Large-scale systems are now capable of handling the mass of retail transaction data – organizing it, mining it and projecting it into future customer behavior. This new approach to demand forecasting in retail will contribute to the accuracy of future plans, the satisfaction of future customers and the overall efficiency and profitability of retail operations.* Inventory Management: Inventory can be either raw materials, finished items already available for sale, or goods in the process of being manufactured. Inventory is recorded as an asset on a company's balance sheet.To optimize the deployment of inventory, retailers need to manage the uncertainties, constraints, and complexities across their global supply chain on continuous basis. This allows them to improve their inventory forecasting ability and accurately set inventory targets. An IT solution is a proven and market leading solution for determining optimal time-varying inventory targets for every item, at every location throughout supply chain. This allows retailers you to significantly reduce inventory without adversely affecting service levels.* Store Management: Another example where Information technology can be beneficial is a store management. That alerts out-of-place or stock-out items. A store, commonly a shop or stall for the retail sale of commodities, but also a place where wholesale supplies are kept, exhibited, or sold. A place where something is deposited for safekeeping is called store. Application of IT in Marketing: MARKETING Computer applications for marketing have surged in recent years. Whereas computer applications for other business needs have been a part of the picture for a decade or two now, the widespread use of computers to shape a company's marketing strategies and campaigns is a relatively new development. quot;
Firms …are gathering tremendous amounts of information about customers, markets, and industries by using an array of relatively inexpensive software and computerized databases,quot;
wrote Tim Mc-Collum in Nation's Business. quot;
These resources can help entrepreneurs increase their effectiveness in targeting markets, cultivating leads, and closing sales.…Whether it's called database marketing, smart marketing, or target selling, it boils down to using technology to delivery information that can boost sales.quot;
 Many consultants and business experts contend that it is particularly important for small business enterprises to make maximum use of this still-developing computer technology. Small business entities typically have fewer clients than do larger firms, which makes the search for new customers an essential component of future success. As analyst Martha Rogers noted in Nation's Business, information technologies like business and customer databases and sales force automation systems can be effective tools for small business owners looking to develop profitable and lasting relationships with customers. Indeed, smaller firms often need good customer information simply to keep pace with larger competitors. Of course, reliable customer information is a major key to any effective marketing campaign. Consequently, database service providers such as Dun & Bradstreet Information Services (DBIS) and American Business Information Inc. (ABI) have become enormously popular with businesses of varying shapes and sizes. quot;
These businesses,quot;
wrote McCollum, quot;
have accumulated vast amounts of data on companies throughout the United States and Canada. Customers can buy the records on firms in specific locations or industries or of certain sizes or sales volumes. The databases make it easy to generate lists of potential customers for direct mail or telemarketing campaigns.quot;
In addition, DBIS, ABI, and other companies that provide similar services have made their information available via CD-ROMs (with regular updates). Another favorite site for finding business leads is the expanding group of CD-ROM products that provide business and residential telephone listings for various geographic regions of the United States. Ultimately, however, Nation's Business magazine noted that although computers can be a valuable marketing resource for small firms, quot;
technology itself won't boost sales…. For sales to climb, information must be carefully integrated into a total marketing strategy.quot;
The magazine thus made the following recommendations to companies looking to apply computer resources to marketing efforts: Build a database of customers and prospective customers, and update it regularly. Decide what marketing information is needed, and establish a plan to obtain it. Use demographic and geographic data to put together a profile of current customer base, which can then be used to identify potential new markets. Use data to identify long-term interests and buying habits of clients. Involve sales force (if any) in introduction of new technologies; quot;
If salespeople don't think the automated system will benefit them, they won't use it.quot;
 Share information throughout the company. Use computer resources to personalize and coordinate direct mailings and other campaigns. Arrange so that pertinent customer information is available to those who need it. Q: 2. What is internet and what are its various applications? ANS: 2. Internet is interconnection of large number of heterogeneous computer networks all over the world that can share information back and forth. These interconnected network exchange information by using same standards and protocols Applications of internet The internet is treated as one of the biggest invention. It has a large number of uses. ,[object Object]

Job searches: getting information regarding availability of job in different sectors and areas. You can publish your resume in online for prospective job. Some of the web sites providing this service are naukri.com, monster.com, summerjob.com, recuritmentindia.com etc.

Finding books and study material : books and other study material stored around the world can be easily located through internet. Latest encyclopaedias are available online.

Health and medicine: internet provide information and knowledge about field of health medicine people can have information about various disease and can receive help .patient can be taken to virtual check room where they can meet doctors. Some of the web sites providing this service are

Travel: one can use internet to gather information about various tourist place . it can be used for booking Holiday tours , hotels, train and flights. Some of the web sites providing this service areindiatravelog.com, rajtravel.com, makemytrip.com.

Entertainment one can doun lode jokes, songs muvis, latest sports updates through internet Some of the web sites providing this service arecricinfo.com, movies.com espn.com

Shopping : internet is also used for online shopping. By just giving accounts details you can perform the transaction. You can even pay your bills and perform bank related transaction.

Stock market updates : you can sell or buy shares while sitting on computer through internet. Several websites like ndtvprofit.com, moneypore.com, provide information regarding investment

Research : a large number of people are using internet for research purposes you can download any kind information by using internet

Business use of internet: different ways by which intenet can be used for business are:

Information about the product can be provided can be provided online to the the customer .

Provide market information to the business

It help business to recruit talented people

Help in locating suppliers of the product .

Fast information regarding customers view about companies product

Eliminate middle men and have a direct contact with contact with customer .

Providing information to the investor by providing companies back ground and financial information on web siteQ: 3. What is voice over internet protocol? ANS: 3. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), is a technology that allows you to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line. Some VoIP services may only allow you to call other people using the same service, but others may allow you to call anyone who has a telephone number - including local, long distance, mobile, and international numbers. Also, while some VoIP services only work over your computer or a special VoIP phone, other services allow you to use a traditional phone connected to a VoIP adapter. How VoIP / Internet Voice WorksVoIP services convert your voice into a digital signal that travels over the Internet. If you are calling a regular phone number, the signal is converted to a regular telephone signal before it reaches the destination. VoIP can allow you to make a call directly from a computer, a special VoIP phone, or a traditional phone connected to a special adapter. In addition, wireless quot;
hot spotsquot;
in locations such as airports, parks, and cafes allow you to connect to the Internet and may enable you to use VoIP service wirelessly. right000 Q: 4. What is Voice Conferencing ANS: 4. Voice Conferencing? Thus Voice Conferencing is a cost-effective way to conduct business at user’s convenience, from any location, without a reservation and by simply dialing one number. The service is a great way to improve productivity by reducing the amount of time spent traveling to meetings, and it can also enhance teamwork by making it easier to keep in touch with colleagues who work remotely. Benefits 1. Available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.2. The service is totally automated, allowing the user to create conference rooms instantly.3. User only pays for what they use. If conference calls are cancelled at the last minute, they don’t pay anything.4. Flexibility to set up calls at a moment’s notice, and there is no need to pre-book calls.5. Personalized room greetings – users can personalize their conference room, which can be changed at any time. Set-up Users are provided with a conference account, which includes:1. A dial-in number.2. A link to a personalized web page, which allows the user to create new rooms or modify existing rooms3. A personalized welcome announcement.4. Access to up to one million virtual conference rooms, which are identified by a six-digit room number and a four-digit PIN.5. The ability to hold conference calls with up to 30 participants. Features 1. Instant roll call – user can hear a list of callers connected to the conference call.2. Personal invite – user can temporarily disconnect from a call in progress to invite another person to join the conference call. This can be a call to a UK landline, or if a mobile number is called, a text message is automatically generated and sent to the invitee.3. Call recording – users can record a conference call for future reference. The recording is sent via email as an attached Wav file.4. Secrecy – a participant can mute or un-mute his/her voice.5. Call volume – users can individually increase or decrease the volume of the conference call.6. Caller announcements – participant’s names are announced as they join or leave a conference call; user can switch these announcements on or off. Q: 5. what is Video conferencing? ANS: 5. Video conferencing In videoconferencing technology, two or more people at different locations can see and hear each other at the same time, sometimes even sharing computer applications for collaboration. Videoconferencing offers possibilities for schools, colleges, and libraries to use these systems for a variety of purposes, including formal instruction (courses, lessons, and tutoring), connection with guest speakers and experts, multi-school project collaboration, professional activities, and community events.Placing a video call is a lot like placing a telephone call. After the connection establishment one can see the other person in color video on a TV screen and may be able to transfer files or collaborate via options such as document sharing or white boarding. Basic Videoconferencing Technology A videoconferencing system requires the audiovisual equipment, which includes a monitor, camera, microphone, and speaker, and a means of transmission.Rather than an Internet-based connection, such as that used by web cams, which have to share bandwidth with other Internet data, a compressed video system on a dedicated bandwidth provides smooth audio and video.The compressed videoconferencing may be transmitted via an ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) line or over IP (Internet Protocol) lines. It is an economical solution for high-quality videoconferencingConnectingThe most significant distinction among videoconferencing systems is the method of transmission. Transmission is important because two systems cannot connect if they are using different transmission methods. Videoconferences can be transmitted over two protocols, H.320 - ISDN (phone) or H.323 - IP (Internet) lines. In the past, most videoconferences used ISDN lines; however, many people are now using IP connections due to cost savings. In order to connect two units using different transmission methods, a bridge must be used that will handle these mixed protocols. In an ISDN call, bandwidth is dedicated to only one videoconference, while in an IP call; bandwidth may be used to transmit for multiple uses. However, ISDN calls can be very costly since user may be making the call over a distance, in which case, long distance phone line charges apply, and ISDN lines take up to 6 phone lines. BenefitsEducators and librarians from around the country report that videoconferencing technology impacts student learning in a number of ways. Teaching professionals have observed that two-way videoconferences heighten student’s motivation, and improve communication and presentation skills. Additionally, a virtual field trip increases the depth of learning and provides a forum for a greater connection with the outside world.A videoconference can improve student’s memory retention by appealing to a variety of different learning styles by including diverse media such as video and audio clips, graphics, animation, and computer applications. Videoconferencing connects previously contained institutions in a way not possible using e-mail, the telephone, or online chat systems. The visual connection and interaction among participants enhance understanding and allow both the content providers and the students to feel connected to one another. That connection leaves a distinct impression on the students who have the opportunity to go on a virtual field trip. Q: 6. What is a network? what are its various types? ANS: 6. A computer network is any arrangement of computers where a sender transmit a message to receiver over a channel consisting of some type of medium Various kinds of computer network are- ,[object Object]

(LAN) local area network- A local area network (LAN) supplies networking capability to a group of computers in close proximity to each other such as in an office building, a school, or a home. A LAN is useful for sharing resources like files, printers, games or other applications. A LAN in turn often connects to other LANs, and to the Internet or other WAN.

(WAN) wide area network-A wide area network (WAN) is a geographically dispersed telecommunications network. The term distinguishes a broader telecommunication structure from a local area network (LAN). A wide area network may be privately owned or rented, but the term usually connotes the inclusion of public (shared user) networks.

Information technology by Hiresh Ahluwalia

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