Four Wonders of the World

“The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot
be seen or even touched – they must be felt with the
heart”
(Keller, H 2013)
WONDERS OF THE WORLDWONDERS OF THE WORLD
(Gateway To Gold 2010)

Let us take you on a journey…..
and explore four amazing wonders of our
world, and how history, tourism and
environmental factors have influenced
their existence…..
(Saint Mary’s University 2010)

THE COLOSSEUM OF ROME
The Colosseum of Rome was
built around 70AD, to entertain
the people of Rome (the mob)
with spectacular blood sports.
This circular, free standing
structure is built from concrete
and stone spans 189 x 156
metres.
A tarpaulin or ‘Velarium’
covered four tiers of seating
that held more than 50,000
spectators (ItalyGuides.It 2013)
(Echomon 2012)

The Colosseum of Rome
The Colosseum was last used
for gladiatorial fights in 435AD
and animal hunts in 523AD.
During the early medieval era
the structure operated as a
workshop, quarry, housing,
prison, quarters for priests and
a Christian shrine. (Syed 2009, p.152)
More recently it has turned into
an international symbol for the
campaign against capital
punishment. (Syed 2009, p.159).
History
(Rome Museum 2013)

Currently the Colosseum is
slanting about 40cm lower on
the South side than on the
North.
History records damage to the
monument in 1934 when one of
three devastating earthquakes,
caused a fracture within the
slab.
Geo engineers are conducting a
study to determine how to
prevent further leaning. (Rome Info
2009)
Environmental Factors
(Martin 2006)

In 2006 Rome was ranked 8th
in Euromonitors
International’s Top 150 City
Destinations with 6, 033,000
tourists. (Euromonitor International, 2007)
Tours run daily exploring
the interior of the
Colosseum starting at 9am
for around €8. (Italy Heaven 2013)
Free tours are also available
around the exterior of the
Colosseum. (Italy Heaven 2013)
Tourism
(Roman Empire Tours 2013)

AURORA BOREALIS
Aurora Borealis is also known
as the Northern Lights. (Northern
Lights Centre 2012)
The Northern Lights are the
result of collisions between
gaseous particles in the Earth's
atmosphere with charged
particles released from the sun's
atmosphere. (Northern Lights Centre 2012)
When the lights appear, the
colour is a luminous green,
often with a hint of pink along
the edge, and occasionally with
a deep violet centre. (Innovation
Norway 2013)
(Innovation Norway 2013 )

Aurora Borealis
Early depictions of Aurora Borealis
were unearthed in Southern France
30,000 years ago.
The oldest documentation found
was written approximately 2600 BC
China.
Vikings and Ancient Romans
believed the Northern Lights were
superstitious and played a pivotal
role predicting outcomes of War.
In 1716, Sir Edmund Halley made
the first scientific finding of this
phenomenon (Turunen, Manninen
& Turunen 2013).
History
(Visit Finland 2007)

Aurora Borealis
The visibility of Aurora Borealis
is determined by the:
Time of Day - The Aurora is only
visible at night. The ideal times
between 11pm and 2am.
Season – Winter is the best
season to see the Aurora.
Sun Rotation – Every 27 days
the‘active region’ of the sun
faces earth (Slanina, S 2007). Environmental Factors
(Earthsky 2009)

Aurora Borealis
From August to March when
the North is blanketed for long
hours in darkness, thousands of
tourists gather from all over the
world in search for Aurora
Borealis.
Tourists can book a dog sled or
snow mobile tour, a
photography course or a cruise
for optimum experience.
Best viewed light destinations
are; Norway, Canada, Island,
Sweden and Ivalo. Tourism
(Desktop Nexus 2008)

VICTORIA FALLS
Victoria Falls is one of the
largest waterfalls in the world,
and lies on the border between
Zambia and Zimbabwe in
Southern Africa.
Victoria Falls spans more than
one mile wide and plummets
between 350 to 360 feet.
In Zambia, the falls are known
by their ancient name Mosi -oa-
Tunya, which translates as,
“Smoke that Thunders” (Roberts
2012).
(Africa Safari 2012)

Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls was discovered
by Dr David Livingston in 1855
where he was transported by
the local people via canoe. (Peel
2011).
Livingstone was so taken with
the beauty he is quoted as
saying:
"It has never been seen before
by European eyes, but scenes so
wonderful must have been
gazed upon by angels in their
flight”. (Zambia Tourism 2013)
History
(Peel 2011a)

Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls has spectacular
features! Beneath the cascade of
water, lies a tropical rainforest
abundant with exotic wildlife.
The power of the waterfall
continuously erodes the river
bed below, creating a new fall
line through layers of Basaltic
rock.
Information regarding waste
management and boating is
provided to tourists in reducing
ecological impact to the Falls.
(Peel, 2011)
(Peel 2011b)

Victoria Falls
For sightseeing, tourists can
enjoy Victoria Falls Bridge with
a fabulous view of the falls on
one side, and the gorge on the
other.
Tourists can also walk into the
rainforest along marked tracks
to Knife Edge Bridge.
For an aerial view, tourists can
take a helicopter or light
aeroplane flight over the Falls.
(Victoria Falls 2013).
Tourism
(Amazing Victoria Falls 2013)

THE GREAT BARRIER REEF
The Great Barrier Reef is on the
East Coast of Australia and
stretches over 2000kms
between the Western edge of
the Pacific and the
Queensland coast.
In just one acre of ocean there is
over 100 different types of
beautiful coral. The Reef also
has more than 70 types of
habitats which house
thousands of marine life.
(National Geographic 2013)
(Australian Conservation Foundation 2013)

The Great Barrier Reef
The history of the Great Barrier
Reef is a long and diverse.
Generations of coral built a
habitat that eventually was
discovered and then later
settled by humans.
The GBR evolved 18,0000 years
ago, and currently has the
highest diversity of marine life
in the world, including: 450
types of corals, 1500 types of
fish and 4000 types of molluscs.
(The Great Barrier Reef 2007)
History
(Great Barrier Reef Holiday 2009)

Coral bleaching is having a
major impact on the Great
Barrier Reef, the scale and
extent of bleaching on the
Great Barrier Reef since
1998 is unprecedented.
Declines in coral cover can
be attributed to planci,
predation, storm and
cyclone damage, bleaching,
and disease. (Osborne K, Dolman AM,
Burgess SC, Johns KA, 2011)
(Australian Conservation Foundation
2012)

The Great Barrier Reef is home
to thousands of species of
marine life, and over 2 millions
tourists a year.
Visitors can snorkel, take
helicopter flights or hire a
charter boat to navigate
through the many islands on
the Reef.
Between August and
September, Whales breed in the
warm waters perfect for whale
watching. (Tourism Australia 2013) Tourism
(Tourism Australia 2012)

.
The world is full man made and natural
Wonders.
Each one presented today are historical
treasures, scattered across the earth and all
intrinsically part of our environment.
These Wonders still remain to be visited by
millions of tourists from all around the
world.

This presentation was created by…
Michelle Finch
Misty Springfield-Thomas
Roxanne Sturni
Alison Warham

Reference List
INFORMATION:
Aurora Borealis – The “Northern Lights” – Industry, Tourism and investment, viewed 22 April 2013,
<http://www.iti.gov.nt.ca/tourismparks/fmi/lights.shtml>
Destination 360 2013, Aurora Borealis, Destination 360, viewed 22 April 2013 <http://www.destination360.com/north-
america/us/alaska/aurora-borealis>
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<http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/h/helen_keller.html>
National Geographic 2009, Exploring Oceans: Great Barrier Reef, 30 March, viewed on 21 April 2013,
<http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wbNeIn3vVKM>

Reference List
INFORMATION (CONTINUED):
Northern Lights Centre 2012, Northern Lights, Northern Lights Space and Science Centre, viewed 22 April 2013,
<http://www.northernlightscentre.ca/northernlights.html>
Osborne K, Dolman AM, Burgess SC & Johns KA 2011, Disturbance and the Dynamics of Coral Cover on the Great
Barrier Reef (1995–2009), PLOS One, Volume 6, No. 3, pp 1 -11, viewed 3 May 2013,
<http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4d4d2efc-3255-4169-8153-
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Peel, T & B 2011, Facts on Victoria Falls, The Travel Guide to Victoria Falls, viewed 22 & 24 April 2013,
<http://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/facts-on-victoria-falls.html>
Roberts, P 2012, The Victoria Falls, To The Victoria Falls, viewed 22 April 2013,
<http://www.tothevictoriafalls.com/vfpages/victoriafalls.html>
Rome Info 2009, Fall of the Roman Empire, Rome Info, viewed 22 April 2013, <http://www.rome.info/history/empire/fall>
Slanina, S 2007, Aurora Borealis, Encyclopaedia of Earth, viewed 21 April,
<http://www.eoearth.org/article/Aurora_Borealis>
Syed, M.H 2009, New Seven Wonders (World), Himilaya Publishing House, EBL Ebook Library, viewed 3 May 2013,
<http://reader.eblib.com.au.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/(S(r0ksbfaq2e2gtqpwt5kcjsnr))/Reader.aaas?
p=588134&o=132&u=cdNnlZu50%2f3gWw8tvFHkSg%3d
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1&pat=n#/>
The Great Barrier Reef 2007, History of the Great Barrier Reef, Discover Australia, viewed 22 April 2013,
<http://www.greatbarrierreef.org/history.php>

Reference List
INFORMATION (CONTINUED):
Tourism Australia 2013, Great Barrier Reef, Tourism Australia, viewed 24 April 2013,
<http://www.media.australia.com/en-au/factsheets/4679_4786.aspx>
Turunen, E, Manninen, J & Turunen, T 2012, Aurora Borealis, This is Finland, viewed 30 April 2013,
<http://finland.fi/Nature_Environment/aurora/history.html>
Zambia Tourism 2013, The Victoria Falls, Zambia Tourism, viewed 21 & 22 April 2013,
<http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/places/victoria.htm>
IMAGES:
Africa Safari 2012, ‘Victoria Falls Sunset’ [image], in High on Adrenaline at Victoria Falls, Africa Safari, viewed 22 April
2013, <http://www.africa-safari.org.za/african-adventure/high-on-adrenaline-at-victoria-falls/>
Amazing Victoria Falls 2013, 'The Victoria Falls Bridge' [image], in Victoria Falls, Amazing Victoria Falls, viewed 27 April
2013, <http://www.amazingvictoriafalls.com/?page_id=568>
Australian Conservation Foundation 2012, 'Fish in Coral' [image], in Conserving the Great Barrier Reef, Australian
Conservation Foundation, viewed 7 May 2013, <http://www.acfonline.org.au/about-us/our-success-stories/conserving-
great-barrier>
Australian Conservation Foundation 2013, 'untitled' [image], in Conserving the Great Barrier Reef, Australian
Conservation Foundation, viewed 16 April 2013, <http://www.acfonline.org.au/about-us/our-success-stories/conserving-
great-barrier>
Desktop Nexus 2008, ‘Aurora Borealis over the sea’ [image], in Forces of Nature, Desktop Nexus, viewed 22 April
2013, <http://nature.desktopnexus.com/wallpaper/24970/>

Reference List
IMAGES (CONTINUED):
Earthsky 2012, 'Aurora' [image], in The Aurora Borealis and the Coming Solar Maximum, Earthsky, viewed 16 April
2013, <http://earthsky.org/space/the-aurora-borealis-and-the-coming-solar-maximum>
Echomon 2012, 'Ridley Scott's Gladiator' [image], in 15 Best Pictures of Gladiators, Echomon, viewed 16 April 2013,
<http://echomon.co.uk/15-best-pictures-of-gladiators/>
Gateway To Gold 2010, ‘Why We Love The Pyramids Of Giza’ [image], in The Pyramids OF Giza, Gateway To Gold,
viewed 26 April, 2013, <http://gatewaytogold.com/why-we-love-the-pyramids-of-giza/>
Great Barrier Reef Holiday 2009, ‘Reef Fish’ [image], in Gallery, Great Barrier Reef Holiday, viewed 22 April 2013,
<http://www.great-barrier-reef-holiday.com.au/great-barrier-reef-holiday-gallery.html>
Innovation Norway 2013, 'Aurora Borealis' [image], in Visitor Norway, Visit Norway, viewed 22 April 2013,
<http://www.visitnorway.com/en/>
Martin, J 2006, ‘Interior of the Colosseum’ [image], in Roman Colosseum Pictures, Go Italy, viewed 22 April 2013,
<http://goitaly.about.com/od/romeitaly/ig/Roman-Colosseum-Pictures/Colosseum-interior-picture.htm>
Peel, T & B 2011a, 'David Livingstone' [image], in Facts on Victoria Falls, The Travel Guide to Victoria Falls, viewed 22
April 2013, <http://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/facts-on-victoria-falls.html>
Peel, T & B 2011b, 'Sunrise at Victoria Falls' [image], in Victoria Falls Pictures, Travel Guide to Victoria Falls, viewed
25 April 2013, <http://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/victoria-falls-pictures.html>

Reference List
IMAGES (CONTINUED).
Roman Empire Tours 2013, 'Colosseum' [image], in Colosseum Facts, Roman Empire Tours, viewed 7 May 2013,
<http://romanempiretours.com/colosseum-facts/>
Rome Museum 2013, 'untitled' [image], in Colosseum Walking Tour, Rome Museum, viewed 16 April 2013,
<http://www.rome-museum.com/colosseum_walking_tour.php>
Saint Mary's University 2010, 'Earth' [image], in Earth History: Atlantic Canadian Perspective, No Limit Learning,
viewed 19 April 2013, <http://nolimitlearning.wordpress.com/category/course-listings/web-courses/geology-web-
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Tourism Australia 2012, 'Snorkelling on the Great Barrier Reef' [image], in The Great Barrier Reef, Media Centre,
viewed 25 April 2013, <http://www.media.australia.com/en-au/factsheets/4679_4786.aspx>
Visit Finland 2011, 'Colorful Aurora Borealis in Finland' [image], in 24 Amazing Auroras: Aurora Borealis & Aurora
Australis, Love These Pics, viewed 1 May 2013, <http://www.lovethesepics.com/2011/02/24-amazing-auroras-
aurora-borealis-aurora-australis/>
AUDIO:
Kororago 2009, The Tudors Soundtrack - Main Theme, 26 July, viewed May 1 2013,
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W39HFh9y7x8>

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