2. COSTAL ZONE
• The coastal areas are defined as areas
between 50 meters below mean sea level
and 50 meters above the high tide level, or
extending landward to a distance of 100
kilometers from shore, including coral
reefs, intertidal zones, estuaries, coastal
aquaculture, and sea grass communities
(UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003 : 54)
5. COSTAL STATISTICS
• According to the UN atlas, 44% of people live
within 150 Kms of the sea.
• 60 % of the world’s 39 metropolises with a
population of over 5 million are located within 100
km of the coast.
• 14 of the world’s 17 mega cities with populations
greater than 10 million are on coasts.
• According to UNEP report , 1/3 coastal regions
run a high risk of degradation.
9. COSTAL RISKS
Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability
(frequency & severity) (Exposure & Capacity)
(UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction [ISDR] 2004).
10. RISKS FROM
COSTAL HAZARDS
• Risk from coastal hazards are defined by
the type and severity of the hazard and its
frequency of occurrence.
(UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction [ISDR] 2004).
13. VULNARABLITY TO
COSTAL HAZARDS
• Vulnerability to coastal hazards is
expressed as the degree of exposure
of the population and its capacity to
prepare for and respond to the hazard.
(UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction [ISDR] 2004).
16. DEFINITIONS OF RESILIENCE
“Resilience determines the persistence of
relationships within a system and is a measure
of the ability of these systems to absorb change
of state….and still persist.”
- (Holling 1973)
17. DEFINITIONS OF RESILIENCE
• “…Resilience for social-ecological systems is often
referred to as related to three different
characteristics: (a) the magnitude of shock that
the system can absorb and remain within a given
state; (b) the degree to which the system is
capable of self-organization, and (c) the degree to
which the system can build capacity for learning
and adaptation.”
- (Folke et al. 2002)
18. DEFINITIONS OF RESILIENCE
‘’The capacity of a system to absorb disturbance
and re-organize while undergoing change so as
to still retain essentially the same function,
structure, identity and feedback.”
- (Walker et al. 2004)
