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• ระบบการทํางานในอดีตมีการใช้ระบบสารสนเทศช่วยจัดการข้อมูลมีประสิทธิภาพไม่แน่นอน
ไม่มีความสะดวก และมีคามยุ่งยากในการใช้งาน ปัจจุบันจึงได้มีการนําคอมพิวเตอร์เข้ามาในการ
จัดการระบบสารสนเทศในองค์กรมากยิ่งขึ้น โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อสนับสนุน
การตัดสินใจ
• ระบบสารสนเทศ (Information Systems) คือ กระบวนการรวบรวม บันทึก
ประมวลผลข้อมูลให้เป็นสารสนเทศ และแจกจ่ายสารสนเทศเพื่อใช้ในการวางแผน คบคุมการ
ทํางาน และช่วยในการสนับสนุนการตัดสินใจ
• ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·ÈÊÒÁÒö¹íÒÁÒ»ÃÐÂØ¡µãªŒà¾×èÍÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡Ò÷íҧҹ㹷ء´ŒÒ¹ ᵋÅдŒÒ¹ÊÒÁÒöẋ§
»ÃÐàÀ·ä´ŒËÅÒÂÃٻẺµÒÁ¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡Òâͧ¼ÙŒãªŒ§Ò¹ã¹´ŒÒ¹¹Ñé¹æ ઋ¹ ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È·Õè㪌ʋ§àÊÃÔÁ
¡Ò÷íҧҹ㹴ŒÒ¹ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ ÊÒÁÒöẋ§à»š¹ 2 »ÃÐàÀ· ¤×Í
- ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È¡ÒèѴ¡ÒÃÇѵ¶Ø´Ôº
- ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È¡ÒèѴ¡ÒüżÅÔµ
Í‹ҧäáçµÒÁ ¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È·Ø¡»ÃÐàÀ·¨ÐµŒÍ§ÁÕͧ¤»ÃСͺ¢Í§Ãкº
ÊÒÃʹà·È (Component of Information System) «Öè§Í§¤»ÃСͺ¢Í§ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È·Ø¡Ê‹Ç¹¨ÐÁÕ
¼Åµ‹Í»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾¢Í§¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È¹Ñé¹æ
ͧ¤»ÃСͺ¢Í§ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·Èẋ§à»š¹ 5 ʋǹ ´Ñ§¹Õé
• 1. ÎÒÏ´áÇÏ (Hardware) ¤×Í ÍØ»¡Ã³ÍÔàÅç¡â·Ã¹Ô¡Ê·Õè㪌»ÃÐÁÇżÅËÃ×ÍÊÌҧÊÒÃÐʹà·È ઋ¹
¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏ CPU à¤Ã×èͧ¾ÔÁ¾
• 2. «Í¿µáÇÏ (Software) ¤×Í ªØ´¤íÒÊÑ觷Õè·íÒãËŒ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏ·íÒ§Ò¹
• 3. ¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐÊÒÃʹà·È (Data and Information) ¤×Í ¢ŒÍà·ç¨¨ÃÔ§µ‹Ò§æ·Ñ駷Õ輋ҹ¡ÒûÃÐÁÇżÅáÅÐ
ÂѧäÁ‹¼‹Ò¹¡ÒûÃÐÁÇżŠÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§ µÑÇàÅ¢ µÑÇÍÑ¡Éà ÃÙ»ÀÒ¾ ÏÅϵÒÁ¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡Òâͧ¼ÙŒãªŒÃкº
ÊÒÃʹà·È
• 4. ºØ¤ÅÒ¡Ã (Peopleware) ¤×Í ¼ÙŒ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡ÑºÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È ẋ§à»š¹ 4 ÃдѺ¤×Í ¹Ñ¡ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏ
Ãкº â»Ãá¡ÃÁàÁÍÏ ਌Ò˹ŒÒ·Õ轆Ò»¯ÔºÑµÔ§Ò¹à¤Ã×èͧ áÅмٌ㪌
• 5. ¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹ (Procedure) ¤×Í ¢Ñ鹵͹¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹à¾×èÍãˌ䴌ÊÒÃʹà·È µÒÁ·Õ赌ͧ¡Òà ઋ¹
¡ÒÃÊÁѤÃÊÁÒªÔ¡ ¡ÒÃࢌÒÃËÑÊ ÏÅÏ
5.1 ¡ÒùíÒà¢ŒÒ (Input) ໚¹¡ÒùíÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐÊÒÃʹà·Èµ‹Ò§æ·Õèä´Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÃǺÃÇÁࢌÒÊÙ‹Ãкº
5.2 ¡ÒûÃÐÁÇżŠ(Process) ໚¹¡ÒùíÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õè䴌任ÃÐÁÇżŵÒÁà§×è͹䢷Õè¡íÒ˹´â´Â¡ÒÃ
àÃÕ§ÅíҴѺ ¡Òäíҹdz ÏÅÏ
5.3 ¡ÒÃáÊ´§¼Å (Output) ໚¹¡ÒùíÒ¼ÅÅѾ¸·Õèä´Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒûÃÐÁÇżÅÁÒáÊ´§ã¹ÃٻẺ·Õè¼ÙŒãªŒ
µŒÍ§¡ÒÃà¾×èÍÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁËÃ×ͪ‹ÇÂ㹡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨
5.4 ¡ÒèѴà¡çº (Storage) ໚¹¡ÒèѴà¡çº¢ŒÍÁÙÅËÃ×ÍÊÒÃʹà·È·Ñé§ËÁ´·Õèà¡ÕèÂǡѺÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È
à¾×èÍãËŒ¼ÙŒãªŒÃкºÊÒÃʹà·ÈÊÒÁÒö¹íÒÁÒ㪌䴌ãËÁ‹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ
¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒàº×éͧµŒ¹à¡ÕèÂǡѺÃкºÊÒÃʹà·Èà¾×èÍʹѺʹع¡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨
ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È·Õè´Õ¨ÐµŒÍ§ª‹ÇÂãËŒ¼ÙŒãªŒÊÒÁÒö¹íÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅËÃ×ÍÊÒÃʹà·È¹Ñé¹ä»ª‹ÇÂ㹡ÒÃ
µÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨ä´ŒÍ‹ҧ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§ ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È·Õè´Õ¨Ö§¤ÇÃÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¹‹Òàª×èͶ×Í (Reliable) «Ö觾ԨÒóÒä´Œ¨Ò¡
¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§áÁ‹¹ÂíÒ (Accurate) áÅФÇÒÁÊÁºÙó¤Ãº¶ŒÇ¹ (Complete) ª‹ÇÂãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁࢌÒã¨ã¹
¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ (Simple) ·Ñ¹µ‹ÍàÇÅÒ (Timely) ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¤ØŒÁ¤‹Ò (Economical) µÃǨÊͺ䴌 (Verifiable) ÁÕ
¤ÇÒÁÂ×´ËÂØ‹¹ (Flexible) ÊÍ´¤ÅŒÍ§¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡Òà (Relevant) Êдǡ㹡ÒÃࢌҶ֧ (Accessible)
áÅÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑ (Secure) ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ àÁ×è͹íÒÁÒ㪌¨Ðª‹ÇºؤÅÒ¡Ãã¹Í§¤¡ÃãËŒ
ÊÒÁÒöµÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨àÅ×Í¡»¯ÔºÑµÔ§Ò¹ä´ŒÍ‹ҧ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§ ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·Èà¾×èÍʹѺʹع¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨹ÕéàÃÕ¡NjÒ
DSS (Decision Support System) «Öè§à»š¹ÃкºÂ‹ÍÂÃкºË¹Öè§ã¹ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·Èà¾×èÍ¡ÒèѴ¡ÒÃ
(MIS : Management Information System) â´Â DSS ÁÕÅѡɳР»ÃÐ⪹ áÅÐʋǹ»ÃСͺ ´Ñ§¹Õé
1. ÅѡɳТͧ DSS
໚¹«Í¿µáÇÏ»ÃÐÂØ¡µ·Õ誋ÇÂ㹡ÒèѴ¡Òà ÃǺÃÇÁ áÅÐÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ«Ñº«ŒÍ¹ «Öè§ÁÕ
¡ÒõͺʹͧËÃ×ÍⵌµÍº¡Ñº¼ÙŒãªŒ§Ò¹ »˜ÞËÒ·Õèᡌ䢴ŒÇ DSS ¨Ð໚¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·ÕèäÁ‹ÁÕâ¤Ã§ÊÌҧ·Õèṋ¹Í¹
ËÃ×Í¢ŒÍÁÙÅÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ«Öè§äÁ‹ÊÒÁÒöᡌ»˜ÞËÒä´Œ´ŒÇÂÊÒÃʹà·Èà¾×èÍ»ÃÐÁÇżÅ
ÃÒ¡ÒøØáÃÃÁ (TPS : Transaction Processing System) ·ÑèÇä» µÑÇÍ‹ҧ¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ DSS ઋ¹
àÁ×èÍ਌Ңͧ¡Ô¨¡ÒõŒÍ§¡ÒûÃѺ»Ãاà¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡ÃÊíÒËÃѺ¼ÅÔµ»ÅÒ¡Ãл‰Í§ ਌Ңͧ¡Ô¨¡ÒèеŒÍ§¹íÒࢌÒ
¢ŒÍÁÙŵ‹Ò§æŧ㹠DSS à¾×èÍ»ÃÐÁÇżŵÒÁẺ¨íÒÅͧ·ÕèÊÌҧänjNjҨÐà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ¤ØŒÁ¤‹ÒËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ ¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹
਌Ңͧ¡Ô¨¡Òè֧¨ÐµÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨Ç‹Ò¤ÇèЫ×éÍà¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡ÃãËÁ‹ «‹ÍÁá«Áà¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡Ãà¡‹Ò ËÃ×ÍàÅ×è͹¡ÒÃ
´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃÍ͡仡‹Í¹à¾ÃÒÐäÁ‹à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ¤ØŒÁ¤‹Ò㹡ÒÃŧ·Ø¹
á¼¹¼Ñ§áÊ´§¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ DSS »ÃѺ»Ãاà¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡Ã
¨Ò¡á¼¹¼Ñ§áÊ´§¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ DSS »ÃѺ»Ãاà¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡Ã¨ÐàËç¹Ç‹Ò ¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨷Õè¶Ù¡µŒÍ§¹Ñ鹨еŒÍ§
ÍÒÈÑ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾¨Ò¡ DSS ÃÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏáÅзÑȹ¤µÔ¢Í§à¨ŒÒ¢Í§¡Ô¨¡ÒùÑ蹤×Í äÁ‹ÁÕ
¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õèä´Œ¨Ò¡ DSS ¨ÐÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ÁÒ¡à¾Õ§㴡çµÒÁ ¼Å¢Í§¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨡çÂѧ¢Öé¹ÍÂÙ‹¡Ñº¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏ
áÅзÑȹ¤µÔ¢Í§à¨ŒÒ¢Í§¡Ô¨¡ÒÃËÃ×ͼٌ㪌ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È¹Ñé¹æ
2. »ÃÐ⪹¢Í§ DSS
à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ DSS ãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑޡѺ¡ÒùíÒÊÒÃʹà·Èä»»ÃСͺ¡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨à¾×èÍ»¯ÔºÑµÔ§Ò¹ã¹¢Ñé¹
µ‹Ò§æ¢Í§¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹ «Öè§äÁ‹ãª‹¡ÒÃÃǺÃÇÁáÅСÒÃáÊ´§¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õè㪌§Ò¹»ÃШíÒÇѹ·ÑèÇæä» ·íÒãËŒ
DSS ÁÕ»ÃÐ⪹´Ñ§¹Õé
2.1 ª‹Ç»ÃÐÁÇżÅáÅйíÒàʹ͢ŒÍÁÙÅá¡‹¼ÙŒãªŒà¾×èÍÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁࢌÒã¨à¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹áÅÐ໚¹
á¹Ç·Ò§ã¹¡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨
2.2 ª‹Ç»ÃÐàÁÔ¹·Ò§àÅ×͡㹡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨ÀÒÂ㵌à§×è͹䢢ͧ»˜ÞËÒᵋÅÐʶҹ¡Òó·ÕèÁÕÅѡɳÐ੾ÒÐ
¢Í§Ê¶Ò¹¡Òó¹Ñé¹æ
2.3 ª‹ÇÂʹѺʹع¡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨ã¹»˜ÞËÒ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÅѺ«Ñº«ŒÍ¹áÅТŒÍÁÙÅ·Õèà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ
2.4 ª‹ÇÂÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁÂ×´ËÂØ‹¹ ¤ÇÒÁÊÁºÙó áÅФÇÒÁÊдǡ㹡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨
2.5 ª‹ÇÂà¾ÔèÁ¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÒÃáÅФÇÒÁࢌÒã¨ã¹ÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§à·¤â¹âÅÂÕÊÒÃʹà·È·Õè¤Ãͺ¤ÅØÁ
ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò¡Òû¯ÔºÑµÔ§Ò¹·ÑèÇæä»
2.6 ª‹Ç¹íÒàʹ͢ŒÍÁÙÅã¹ÃٻẺ·ÕèËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ ઋ¹ µÑÇÍÑ¡Éà ἹÀÙÁÔ ÀÒ¾¹Ôè§ ÀÒ¾à¤Å×è͹äËÇ
ÁÑŵÔÁÕà´ÕÂ
2.7 ª‹ÇÂ㹡ÒõѴÊԹ㨷Õ赌ͧ¡ÒäÇÒÁÃÇ´àÃçÇÊÙ§ Ê‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡ÒáíÒ˹´¡ÅÂØ·¸ã¹¡ÒÃᢋ§¢Ñ¹·Ò§¸ØáԨã¹
ͧ¤¡Ãµ‹Ò§æ
2.8 ª‹ÇÂÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡Ò÷íҧҹËÇÁ¡Ñ¹¢Í§ºØ¤ÅÒ¡Ãã¹Í§¤¡Ã´ŒÇ¡ÒÃⵌµÍºáºº·Ñ¹·Õ (Interactive)
3. ʋǹ»ÃСͺ¢Í§ DSS
¨ÐÁռšÃзºµ‹Í»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾¡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨â´ÂµÃ§ ¡Å‹ÒǤ×Í Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ·Õè´Õ¨Ð·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´
¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹·ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾¹‹Òàª×èͶ×Í áµ‹¶ŒÒʋǹ»ÃСͺäÁ‹´Õ¡ç¨Ð·íÒãËŒ¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Ò´
»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ ʋǹ»ÃСͺ¢Í§ DSS ẋ§à»š¹ 4 ʋǹ
3.1 ÍØ»¡Ã³ ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ·ÕèÃÇÁÎÒÏ´áÇÏáÅЫͿµáÇϢͧ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏẋ§µÒÁº·ºÒ·
áÅÐ˹ŒÒ·Õè䴌໚¹ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á ¤×Í
- ÍØ»¡Ã³»ÃÐÁÇżŠ»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ DSS ÊÒÁÒö㪌§Ò¹´ŒÇ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏʋǹºØ¤¤ÅËÃ×;իÕ
(PC : Personal Computer) ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃàª×èÍÁµ‹ÍÃкºà¤Ã×Í¢‹Ò¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏ«Öè§ÊÒÁÒöµÔ´µÑ駫ͿµáÇÏ
»ÃÐàÀ· DSS â´Â੾ÒÐËÃ×Í»ÃÐÂØ¡µãªŒ«Í¿µáÇϾ×é¹°Ò¹»ÃÐàÀ· «Í¿µáÇϵÒÃÒ§¤íҹdz
(Spreadsheet) ËÃ×Í «Í¿µáÇϨѴ¡Òðҹ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ (Database) ¡çä´Œ
- ÍØ»¡Ã³Ê×èÍÊÒà ໚¹¡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹¨Ò¡à¤Ã×Í¢‹Ò¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏà¾×èÍÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹ÃÐÂÐä¡ÅáÅÐ
¡Ò÷íҧҹ໚¹¡ÅØ‹Á â´Âà¤Ã×Í¢‹Ò·Õè¹ÔÂÁ㪌 ¤×Í à¤Ã×Í¢‹ÒÂᏠ(LAN : Local Area Network) ÊíÒËÃѺ
ͧ¤¡Ã¢¹Ò´àÅç¡áÅÐà¤Ã×Í¢‹ÒÂáÁ¹ (MAN : Metropolitan Area Network) ÊíÒËÃѺͧ¤¡Ã¢¹Ò´àÅç¡
·íÒãËŒµŒÍ§µÔ´µÑé§ÇÕ´Õâͤ͹à¿ÍÏàù« (Video Conference) à¾ÔèÁã¹Ãкºà¾×èͪ‹ÇÂ㹡ÒûÃЪØÁ·Ò§ä¡Å
(Teleconference) ¢Í§¼ÙŒãªŒ§Ò¹
- ÍØ»¡Ã³áÊ´§¼Å ¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ DSS ¨íÒ໚¹µŒÍ§ÁÕÍØ»¡Ã³áÊ´§¼Å·ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾áÅеͺʹͧµ‹Í
ÃٻẺ¢Í§¢ŒÍÁÙŹÑé¹æ à¾×èͪ‹Ç¶‹Ò·ʹ¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐÊÒÃʹà·È·ÕèªÑ´à¨¹ ઋ¹ ¨ÍÀÒ¾¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏ·ÕèÁÕ
¤ÇÒÁÅÐàÍÕ´ÊÙ§áÅÐÊÒÁÒöáÊ´§¼Åã¹ÃٻẺ¢Í§ÁÑŵÔÁÕà´ÕÂ
3.2 Ãкº¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§ DSS ÁÕÅѡɳÐ໚¹ªØ´¤íÒÊÑè§à©¾ÒзÕèÊÌҧáÅоѲ¹Ò¢Öé¹ã¹ÃٻẺ·Õè
ൡµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹µÒÁÅѡɳТͧͧ¤¡Ã ẋ§à»š¹ 3 ʋǹ ¤×Í
- °Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅ (Database) ໚¹¡ÒèѴà¡çº¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐÊÒÃʹà·È੾ÒСÒ÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§ DSS µÑé§áµ‹Í´Õµ
¨¹¶Ö§»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ «Ö觨Ъ‹ÇÂ㹡ÒÃáÊ´§¼Å ³ ¢³Ð¹Ñ鹢ͧÃкº
- °Ò¹áºº¨íÒÅͧ (Model Base) ໚¹¡ÒÃÃǺÃÇÁẺ¨íÒÅͧ·Ò§¤³ÔµÈÒʵÏáÅÐẺ¨íÒÅͧ¡ÒÃ
ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏ»˜ÞËҢͧÃкºà¾×èͪ‹ÇÂ㹡ÒûÃÐÁÇżŢŒÍÁÙÅ
- ÃкºªØ´¤íÒÊÑè§ (Software System) ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ·Õ誋ÇÂÍíҹǤÇÒÁÊдǡ㹡ÒÃⵌµÍº
ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¼ÙŒãªŒ°Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅ áÅаҹẺ¨íÒÅͧ ÁÑ¡ÁÕÃٻẺ¢Í§ÃкºªØ´¤íÒÊÑè§ã¹ÅѡɳТͧ˹ŒÒµ‹Ò§
â»Ãá¡ÃÁ
3.3 ¢ŒÍÁÙŠ໚¹Í§¤»ÃСͺ¾×é¹°Ò¹¢Í§¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹´ŒÇ DSS â´Â DSS ¨Ðà¡çº¢ŒÍÁÙÅäÇŒ·Õè
°Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅà¾×è͹íÒä»»ÃÐÁÇżÅ㹰ҹẺ¨íÒÅͧáŌǹíÒàʹʹŒÇÂÃкºªØ´¤íÒÊÑè§ «Ö觢ŒÍÁÙŴѧ¡Å‹ÒÇ
¨ÐµŒÍ§ÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³à¾Õ§¾Íµ‹Í¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§ ·Ñ¹ÊÁÑ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂ×´ËÂØ‹¹ áÅÐÊÒÁÒö¹íÒ
3.4 ºØ¤Åҡà ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ·ÕèÁÕº·ºÒ·µ‹Í¡ÒáíÒ˹´à»‡ÒËÁÒÂáÅФÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡Òà ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò
¡ÒÃÍ͡Ẻ áÅСÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ DSS «Öè§áº‹§ä´Œà»š¹ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á ¤×Í
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ระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อสนับสนุนการตัดสินใจ

  • 2. ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·Èà¾×èÍʹѺʹع¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨠• ระบบการทํางานในอดีตมีการใช้ระบบสารสนเทศช่วยจัดการข้อมูลมีประสิทธิภาพไม่แน่นอน ไม่มีความสะดวก และมีคามยุ่งยากในการใช้งาน ปัจจุบันจึงได้มีการนําคอมพิวเตอร์เข้ามาในการ จัดการระบบสารสนเทศในองค์กรมากยิ่งขึ้น โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อสนับสนุน การตัดสินใจ • ระบบสารสนเทศ (Information Systems) คือ กระบวนการรวบรวม บันทึก ประมวลผลข้อมูลให้เป็นสารสนเทศ และแจกจ่ายสารสนเทศเพื่อใช้ในการวางแผน คบคุมการ ทํางาน และช่วยในการสนับสนุนการตัดสินใจ
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  • 5.
  • 6. ͧ¤»ÃСͺ¢Í§ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·Èẋ§à»š¹ 5 ʋǹ ´Ñ§¹Õé • 1. ÎÒÏ´áÇÏ (Hardware) ¤×Í ÍØ»¡Ã³ÍÔàÅç¡â·Ã¹Ô¡Ê·Õè㪌»ÃÐÁÇżÅËÃ×ÍÊÌҧÊÒÃÐʹà·È ઋ¹ ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏ CPU à¤Ã×èͧ¾ÔÁ¾ • 2. «Í¿µáÇÏ (Software) ¤×Í ªØ´¤íÒÊÑ觷Õè·íÒãËŒ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏ·íÒ§Ò¹ • 3. ¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐÊÒÃʹà·È (Data and Information) ¤×Í ¢ŒÍà·ç¨¨ÃÔ§µ‹Ò§æ·Ñ駷Õ輋ҹ¡ÒûÃÐÁÇżÅáÅÐ ÂѧäÁ‹¼‹Ò¹¡ÒûÃÐÁÇżŠÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§ µÑÇàÅ¢ µÑÇÍÑ¡Éà ÃÙ»ÀÒ¾ ÏÅϵÒÁ¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡Òâͧ¼ÙŒãªŒÃкº ÊÒÃʹà·È • 4. ºØ¤ÅÒ¡Ã (Peopleware) ¤×Í ¼ÙŒ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡ÑºÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È ẋ§à»š¹ 4 ÃдѺ¤×Í ¹Ñ¡ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏ Ãкº â»Ãá¡ÃÁàÁÍÏ ਌Ò˹ŒÒ·Õ轆Ò»¯ÔºÑµÔ§Ò¹à¤Ã×èͧ áÅмٌ㪌
  • 7. • 5. ¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹ (Procedure) ¤×Í ¢Ñ鹵͹¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹à¾×èÍãˌ䴌ÊÒÃʹà·È µÒÁ·Õ赌ͧ¡Òà ઋ¹ ¡ÒÃÊÁѤÃÊÁÒªÔ¡ ¡ÒÃࢌÒÃËÑÊ ÏÅÏ 5.1 ¡ÒùíÒà¢ŒÒ (Input) ໚¹¡ÒùíÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐÊÒÃʹà·Èµ‹Ò§æ·Õèä´Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÃǺÃÇÁࢌÒÊÙ‹Ãкº 5.2 ¡ÒûÃÐÁÇżŠ(Process) ໚¹¡ÒùíÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õè䴌任ÃÐÁÇżŵÒÁà§×è͹䢷Õè¡íÒ˹´â´Â¡Òà àÃÕ§ÅíҴѺ ¡Òäíҹdz ÏÅÏ 5.3 ¡ÒÃáÊ´§¼Å (Output) ໚¹¡ÒùíÒ¼ÅÅѾ¸·Õèä´Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒûÃÐÁÇżÅÁÒáÊ´§ã¹ÃٻẺ·Õè¼ÙŒãªŒ µŒÍ§¡ÒÃà¾×èÍÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁËÃ×ͪ‹ÇÂ㹡ÒõѴÊԹ㨠5.4 ¡ÒèѴà¡çº (Storage) ໚¹¡ÒèѴà¡çº¢ŒÍÁÙÅËÃ×ÍÊÒÃʹà·È·Ñé§ËÁ´·Õèà¡ÕèÂǡѺÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È à¾×èÍãËŒ¼ÙŒãªŒÃкºÊÒÃʹà·ÈÊÒÁÒö¹íÒÁÒ㪌䴌ãËÁ‹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ
  • 8. ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒàº×éͧµŒ¹à¡ÕèÂǡѺÃкºÊÒÃʹà·Èà¾×èÍʹѺʹع¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨠ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È·Õè´Õ¨ÐµŒÍ§ª‹ÇÂãËŒ¼ÙŒãªŒÊÒÁÒö¹íÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅËÃ×ÍÊÒÃʹà·È¹Ñé¹ä»ª‹ÇÂ㹡Òà µÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨ä´ŒÍ‹ҧ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§ ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È·Õè´Õ¨Ö§¤ÇÃÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¹‹Òàª×èͶ×Í (Reliable) «Ö觾ԨÒóÒä´Œ¨Ò¡ ¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§áÁ‹¹ÂíÒ (Accurate) áÅФÇÒÁÊÁºÙó¤Ãº¶ŒÇ¹ (Complete) ª‹ÇÂãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁࢌÒã¨ã¹ ¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ (Simple) ·Ñ¹µ‹ÍàÇÅÒ (Timely) ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¤ØŒÁ¤‹Ò (Economical) µÃǨÊͺ䴌 (Verifiable) ÁÕ ¤ÇÒÁÂ×´ËÂØ‹¹ (Flexible) ÊÍ´¤ÅŒÍ§¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡Òà (Relevant) Êдǡ㹡ÒÃࢌҶ֧ (Accessible) áÅÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑ (Secure) ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ àÁ×è͹íÒÁÒ㪌¨Ðª‹ÇºؤÅÒ¡Ãã¹Í§¤¡ÃãËŒ ÊÒÁÒöµÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨àÅ×Í¡»¯ÔºÑµÔ§Ò¹ä´ŒÍ‹ҧ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§ ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·Èà¾×èÍʹѺʹع¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨹ÕéàÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò DSS (Decision Support System) «Öè§à»š¹ÃкºÂ‹ÍÂÃкºË¹Öè§ã¹ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·Èà¾×èÍ¡ÒèѴ¡Òà (MIS : Management Information System) â´Â DSS ÁÕÅѡɳР»ÃÐ⪹ áÅÐʋǹ»ÃСͺ ´Ñ§¹Õé
  • 9. 1. ÅѡɳТͧ DSS ໚¹«Í¿µáÇÏ»ÃÐÂØ¡µ·Õ誋ÇÂ㹡ÒèѴ¡Òà ÃǺÃÇÁ áÅÐÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ«Ñº«ŒÍ¹ «Öè§ÁÕ ¡ÒõͺʹͧËÃ×ÍⵌµÍº¡Ñº¼ÙŒãªŒ§Ò¹ »˜ÞËÒ·Õèᡌ䢴ŒÇ DSS ¨Ð໚¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·ÕèäÁ‹ÁÕâ¤Ã§ÊÌҧ·Õèṋ¹Í¹ ËÃ×Í¢ŒÍÁÙÅÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ«Öè§äÁ‹ÊÒÁÒöᡌ»˜ÞËÒä´Œ´ŒÇÂÊÒÃʹà·Èà¾×èÍ»ÃÐÁÇżŠÃÒ¡ÒøØáÃÃÁ (TPS : Transaction Processing System) ·ÑèÇä» µÑÇÍ‹ҧ¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ DSS ઋ¹ àÁ×èÍ਌Ңͧ¡Ô¨¡ÒõŒÍ§¡ÒûÃѺ»Ãاà¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡ÃÊíÒËÃѺ¼ÅÔµ»ÅÒ¡Ãл‰Í§ ਌Ңͧ¡Ô¨¡ÒèеŒÍ§¹íÒà¢ŒÒ ¢ŒÍÁÙŵ‹Ò§æŧ㹠DSS à¾×èÍ»ÃÐÁÇżŵÒÁẺ¨íÒÅͧ·ÕèÊÌҧänjNjҨÐà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ¤ØŒÁ¤‹ÒËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ ¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ à¨ŒÒ¢Í§¡Ô¨¡Òè֧¨ÐµÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨Ç‹Ò¤ÇèЫ×éÍà¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡ÃãËÁ‹ «‹ÍÁá«Áà¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡Ãà¡‹Ò ËÃ×ÍàÅ×è͹¡Òà ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃÍ͡仡‹Í¹à¾ÃÒÐäÁ‹à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ¤ØŒÁ¤‹Ò㹡ÒÃŧ·Ø¹
  • 11. ¨Ò¡á¼¹¼Ñ§áÊ´§¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ DSS »ÃѺ»Ãاà¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡Ã¨ÐàËç¹Ç‹Ò ¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨷Õè¶Ù¡µŒÍ§¹Ñ鹨еŒÍ§ ÍÒÈÑ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾¨Ò¡ DSS ÃÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏáÅзÑȹ¤µÔ¢Í§à¨ŒÒ¢Í§¡Ô¨¡ÒùÑ蹤×Í äÁ‹ÁÕ ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õèä´Œ¨Ò¡ DSS ¨ÐÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ÁÒ¡à¾Õ§㴡çµÒÁ ¼Å¢Í§¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨡çÂѧ¢Öé¹ÍÂÙ‹¡Ñº¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏ áÅзÑȹ¤µÔ¢Í§à¨ŒÒ¢Í§¡Ô¨¡ÒÃËÃ×ͼٌ㪌ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È¹Ñé¹æ
  • 12. 2. »ÃÐ⪹¢Í§ DSS à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ DSS ãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑޡѺ¡ÒùíÒÊÒÃʹà·Èä»»ÃСͺ¡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨à¾×èÍ»¯ÔºÑµÔ§Ò¹ã¹¢Ñé¹ µ‹Ò§æ¢Í§¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹ «Öè§äÁ‹ãª‹¡ÒÃÃǺÃÇÁáÅСÒÃáÊ´§¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õè㪌§Ò¹»ÃШíÒÇѹ·ÑèÇæä» ·íÒãËŒ DSS ÁÕ»ÃÐ⪹´Ñ§¹Õé 2.1 ª‹Ç»ÃÐÁÇżÅáÅйíÒàʹ͢ŒÍÁÙÅá¡‹¼ÙŒãªŒà¾×èÍÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁࢌÒã¨à¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹áÅÐ໚¹ á¹Ç·Ò§ã¹¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨠2.2 ª‹Ç»ÃÐàÁÔ¹·Ò§àÅ×͡㹡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨ÀÒÂ㵌à§×è͹䢢ͧ»˜ÞËÒᵋÅÐʶҹ¡Òó·ÕèÁÕÅѡɳÐ੾ÒÐ ¢Í§Ê¶Ò¹¡Òó¹Ñé¹æ 2.3 ª‹ÇÂʹѺʹع¡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨ã¹»˜ÞËÒ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÅѺ«Ñº«ŒÍ¹áÅТŒÍÁÙÅ·Õèà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ 2.4 ª‹ÇÂÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁÂ×´ËÂØ‹¹ ¤ÇÒÁÊÁºÙó áÅФÇÒÁÊдǡ㹡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨
  • 13. 2.5 ª‹ÇÂà¾ÔèÁ¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÒÃáÅФÇÒÁࢌÒã¨ã¹ÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§à·¤â¹âÅÂÕÊÒÃʹà·È·Õè¤Ãͺ¤ÅØÁ ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò¡Òû¯ÔºÑµÔ§Ò¹·ÑèÇæä» 2.6 ª‹Ç¹íÒàʹ͢ŒÍÁÙÅã¹ÃٻẺ·ÕèËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ ઋ¹ µÑÇÍÑ¡Éà ἹÀÙÁÔ ÀÒ¾¹Ôè§ ÀÒ¾à¤Å×è͹äËÇ ÁÑŵÔÁÕà´Õ 2.7 ª‹ÇÂ㹡ÒõѴÊԹ㨷Õ赌ͧ¡ÒäÇÒÁÃÇ´àÃçÇÊÙ§ Ê‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡ÒáíÒ˹´¡ÅÂØ·¸ã¹¡ÒÃᢋ§¢Ñ¹·Ò§¸ØáԨ㹠ͧ¤¡Ãµ‹Ò§æ 2.8 ª‹ÇÂÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡Ò÷íҧҹËÇÁ¡Ñ¹¢Í§ºØ¤ÅÒ¡Ãã¹Í§¤¡Ã´ŒÇ¡ÒÃⵌµÍºáºº·Ñ¹·Õ (Interactive)
  • 14. 3. ʋǹ»ÃСͺ¢Í§ DSS ¨ÐÁռšÃзºµ‹Í»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾¡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨â´ÂµÃ§ ¡Å‹ÒǤ×Í Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ·Õè´Õ¨Ð·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´ ¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹·ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾¹‹Òàª×èͶ×Í áµ‹¶ŒÒʋǹ»ÃСͺäÁ‹´Õ¡ç¨Ð·íÒãËŒ¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Ò´ »ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ ʋǹ»ÃСͺ¢Í§ DSS ẋ§à»š¹ 4 ʋǹ 3.1 ÍØ»¡Ã³ ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ·ÕèÃÇÁÎÒÏ´áÇÏáÅЫͿµáÇϢͧ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏẋ§µÒÁº·ºÒ· áÅÐ˹ŒÒ·Õè䴌໚¹ 3 ¡ÅØ‹Á ¤×Í - ÍØ»¡Ã³»ÃÐÁÇżŠ»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ DSS ÊÒÁÒö㪌§Ò¹´ŒÇ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏʋǹºØ¤¤ÅËÃ×Í¾Õ«Õ (PC : Personal Computer) ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃàª×èÍÁµ‹ÍÃкºà¤Ã×Í¢‹Ò¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏ«Öè§ÊÒÁÒöµÔ´µÑ駫ͿµáÇÏ »ÃÐàÀ· DSS â´Â੾ÒÐËÃ×Í»ÃÐÂØ¡µãªŒ«Í¿µáÇϾ×é¹°Ò¹»ÃÐàÀ· «Í¿µáÇϵÒÃÒ§¤íҹdz (Spreadsheet) ËÃ×Í «Í¿µáÇϨѴ¡Òðҹ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ (Database) ¡çä´Œ
  • 15. - ÍØ»¡Ã³Ê×èÍÊÒà ໚¹¡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹¨Ò¡à¤Ã×Í¢‹Ò¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏà¾×èÍÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹ÃÐÂÐä¡ÅáÅÐ ¡Ò÷íҧҹ໚¹¡ÅØ‹Á â´Âà¤Ã×Í¢‹Ò·Õè¹ÔÂÁ㪌 ¤×Í à¤Ã×Í¢‹ÒÂᏠ(LAN : Local Area Network) ÊíÒËÃѺ ͧ¤¡Ã¢¹Ò´àÅç¡áÅÐà¤Ã×Í¢‹ÒÂáÁ¹ (MAN : Metropolitan Area Network) ÊíÒËÃѺͧ¤¡Ã¢¹Ò´àÅç¡ ·íÒãËŒµŒÍ§µÔ´µÑé§ÇÕ´Õâͤ͹à¿ÍÏàù« (Video Conference) à¾ÔèÁã¹Ãкºà¾×èͪ‹ÇÂ㹡ÒûÃЪØÁ·Ò§ä¡Å (Teleconference) ¢Í§¼ÙŒãªŒ§Ò¹ - ÍØ»¡Ã³áÊ´§¼Å ¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ DSS ¨íÒ໚¹µŒÍ§ÁÕÍØ»¡Ã³áÊ´§¼Å·ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾áÅеͺʹͧµ‹Í ÃٻẺ¢Í§¢ŒÍÁÙŹÑé¹æ à¾×èͪ‹Ç¶‹Ò·ʹ¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐÊÒÃʹà·È·ÕèªÑ´à¨¹ ઋ¹ ¨ÍÀÒ¾¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏ·ÕèÁÕ ¤ÇÒÁÅÐàÍÕ´ÊÙ§áÅÐÊÒÁÒöáÊ´§¼Åã¹ÃٻẺ¢Í§ÁÑŵÔÁÕà´ÕÂ
  • 16. 3.2 Ãкº¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§ DSS ÁÕÅѡɳÐ໚¹ªØ´¤íÒÊÑè§à©¾ÒзÕèÊÌҧáÅоѲ¹Ò¢Öé¹ã¹ÃٻẺ·Õè ൡµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹µÒÁÅѡɳТͧͧ¤¡Ã ẋ§à»š¹ 3 ʋǹ ¤×Í - °Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅ (Database) ໚¹¡ÒèѴà¡çº¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐÊÒÃʹà·È੾ÒСÒ÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§ DSS µÑé§áµ‹Í´Õµ ¨¹¶Ö§»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ «Ö觨Ъ‹ÇÂ㹡ÒÃáÊ´§¼Å ³ ¢³Ð¹Ñ鹢ͧÃкº - °Ò¹áºº¨íÒÅͧ (Model Base) ໚¹¡ÒÃÃǺÃÇÁẺ¨íÒÅͧ·Ò§¤³ÔµÈÒʵÏáÅÐẺ¨íÒÅͧ¡Òà ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏ»˜ÞËҢͧÃкºà¾×èͪ‹ÇÂ㹡ÒûÃÐÁÇżŢŒÍÁÙÅ - ÃкºªØ´¤íÒÊÑè§ (Software System) ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ·Õ誋ÇÂÍíҹǤÇÒÁÊдǡ㹡ÒÃⵌµÍº ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¼ÙŒãªŒ°Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅ áÅаҹẺ¨íÒÅͧ ÁÑ¡ÁÕÃٻẺ¢Í§ÃкºªØ´¤íÒÊÑè§ã¹ÅѡɳТͧ˹ŒÒµ‹Ò§ â»Ãá¡ÃÁ
  • 17. 3.3 ¢ŒÍÁÙŠ໚¹Í§¤»ÃСͺ¾×é¹°Ò¹¢Í§¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹´ŒÇ DSS â´Â DSS ¨Ðà¡çº¢ŒÍÁÙÅäÇŒ·Õè °Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅà¾×è͹íÒä»»ÃÐÁÇżÅ㹰ҹẺ¨íÒÅͧáŌǹíÒàʹʹŒÇÂÃкºªØ´¤íÒÊÑè§ «Ö觢ŒÍÁÙŴѧ¡Å‹ÒÇ ¨ÐµŒÍ§ÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³à¾Õ§¾Íµ‹Í¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§ ·Ñ¹ÊÁÑ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂ×´ËÂØ‹¹ áÅÐÊÒÁÒö¹íÒ 3.4 ºØ¤Åҡà ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹»ÃСͺ·ÕèÁÕº·ºÒ·µ‹Í¡ÒáíÒ˹´à»‡ÒËÁÒÂáÅФÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡Òà ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò ¡ÒÃÍ͡Ẻ áÅСÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ DSS «Öè§áº‹§ä´Œà»š¹ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á ¤×Í - ¼ÙŒãªŒ (End – User) ໚¹¼ÙŒ¹íÒࢌҢŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐÃѺ¢ŒÍÁÙŨҡ DSS â´ÂäÁ‹à¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡Ñº¡ÒûÃÐÁÇżŠâ´ÂµÃ§¢Í§ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È - ¼ÙŒÊ¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È (DSS Support) ໚¹¼ÙŒ¤Çº¤ØÁ ´ÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒÍØ»¡Ã³ áÅÐÃкº¡Òà ·íÒ§Ò¹ãËŒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÁºÙóáÅÐÊÒÁÒö»ÃÐÁÇżÅä´ŒàµçÁ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾µÒÁ¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡Òâͧ¼ÙŒãªŒÁҨѴ áÅйíÒàʹÍã¹ÃٻẺà¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏ䴌Í‹ҧàËÁÒÐÊÁ
  • 21. ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·Èà¾×èÍʹѺʹع¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨢ͧºØ¤¤Å ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·ÈʹѺʹع¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨢ͧºØ¤¤Å ໚¹ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È·ÕèÁռٌ㪌ËÃ×ͼٌµÑ´ÊԹ㨠à¾Õ§¤¹à´ÕÂÇ ´Ñ§¹Ñ鹼ٌ㪌¨Ö§µŒÍ§ÁÕÍíҹҨ㹡ÒõѴÊԹ㨠ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È»ÃÐàÀ·¹ÕéÁÕÍÕ¡ª×èÍ˹Öè§Ç‹Ò ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È¢Í§¼ÙŒºÃÔËÒà ËÃ×Í (EIS) (Executive Information System ) «Öè§à»š¹Ãкº ÊÒÃʹà·È·Õ誋ÇÂʹѺʹع¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏ»˜ÞËÒ ÈÖ¡ÉÒá¹Ç⹌Á¢Í§àÃ×èͧ·Õèʹ㨠ʋǹãËÞ‹¨Ð¹íÒàÊ¹Í ÊÒÃʹà·Èã¹ÃٻẺ¢Í§ÃÒ§ҹ µÒÃÒ§áÅСÃÒ¿ à¾×èÍÊÃØ»ÊÒÃʹà·ÈãˌࢌÒ㨧‹ÒÂáÅÐ »ÃÐËÂÑ´àÇÅÒ àª‹¹ ºÃÔÉÑ·áË‹§Ë¹Ö觵ŒÍ§¡ÒÃແ´ÊÒ¢Òà¾×èͨíÒ˹‹Ò¼ÅÔµÀѳ±à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ ¼ÙŒºÃÔËÒè֧¹íÒà¢ŒÒ ¢ŒÍÁÙŵ‹Ò§æ ¢Í§ºÃÔÉÑ·änj㹰ҹ¢ŒÍÁÙŢͧ EIS à¾×èÍ»ÃÐÁÇżŵÒÁẺ¨íÒÅͧ·ÕèÊÌҧäÇŒ
  • 22.
  • 23. ÅѡɳоÔàÈɢͧ EIS ¤×Í äÁ‹¨íÒ໚¹µŒÍ§µÔ´µÑé§ËÃ×Í·íÒ§Ò¹º¹à¤Ã×Í¢‹Ò¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏ ÎÒÏ´áÇÏ áÅЫͿµáÇÏ·Õè㪌¤ÇÃÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ÊÙ§à¾×èÍãËŒÊÒÁÒö»ÃÐÁÇżŢŒÍÁÙÅ䴌͋ҧÃÇ´àÃçÇáÅÐÁդسÀÒ¾ EIS ã¹áµ‹ÅЫͿµáÇÏËÃ×Í EIS ¢Í§áµ‹ÅкÃÔÉÑ·¨ÐÁÕ»ÃÐ⪹áÅÐÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´µ‹Ò§æᵡµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹µÒÁ Ẻ¨íÒÅͧ੾ÒЧҹ·ÕèÊÌҧ¢Öé¹ áµ‹ EIS ·Ø¡«Í¿µáÇϨÐÁÕ»ÃÐ⪹â´ÂÃÇÁàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹´Ñ§¹Õé - ª‹ÇÂ㹡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨ÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ - ª‹Ç»ÃÐËÂÑ´àÇÅÒ㹡ÒÃÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁࢌÒã¨áÅеѴÊԹ㨢ͧ¼ÙŒºÃÔËÒà - ÊÒÁÒö¹íÒÊÒÃʹà·È¨Ò¡ EIS ä»ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§à¾×èÍ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡Ò÷ҧ¸ØáԨ䴌ÊдǡÂÔ觢Öé¹ ÊÒÃʹà·Èà¾×èÍʹѺʹع¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨢ͧ EIS ÁÕÃٻẺ·ÕèËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ¹ѺµÑé§áµ‹ÊÔ觵վÔÁ¾·ÕèáÊ´§ ¢ŒÍ¤ÇÒÁ ÀÒ¾¹Ôè§ ¡ÃÒ¿áÅÐá¼¹ÀÙÁÔ仨¹¶Ö§ÁÑŵÔÁÕà´Õ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ«Ñº«ŒÍ¹¢Öé¹ä» â´ÂÊÒÃʹà·È·Ø¡ ÃٻẺµŒÍ§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁªÑ´à¨¹áÅÐࢌÒ㨧‹ÒÂ
  • 24.
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  • 27. ¨Ò¡á¼¹¼Ñ§áÊ´§¡ÒÃ㪌§Ò¹ GDSS à¾×èÍ»ÃѺà»ÅÕè¹àÇÅÒ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¢Í§¾¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¨ÐàËç¹ ä´ŒÇ‹Ò¼ÙŒãªŒ GDSS ÁÕ¨íÒ¹Ò¹ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 1 ¤¹ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ GDSS ¨Ö§µŒÍ§·íÒ§Ò¹º¹à¤Ã×Í¢‹Ò¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÏ áÅÐÁÕÍØ»¡Ã³Ê‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡Ò÷íҧҹËÇÁ¡Ñ¹à»š¹¡ÅØ‹ÁµÔ´µÑé§à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ã¹ÃкºÊÒÃʹà·È GDSS ·íÒãËŒ à¡Ô´»ÃÐ⪹´Ñ§¹Õé 1. à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×͡ѹÀÒÂã¹Í§¤¡ÃÁÒ¡ÂÔ觢Öé¹ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡·Ø¡¤¹ã¹Í§¤¡ÃÊÒÁÒö áÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹ËÃ×͹íÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅã¹ GDSS ä´Œ 2. ŴͤµÔµ‹ÍáËÅ‹§·ÕèÁҢͧ¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅЪ‹Ç¡Ãе،¹¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹ãËÁ‹ æ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¼ÙŒ áÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹¼‹Ò¹·Ò§ GDSS äÁ‹¨íÒ໚¹µŒÍ§áÊ´§¢ŒÍÁÙŢͧµ¹àͧ 3. Å´»˜ÞËÒ¤ÇÒÁ¢Ñ´áÂŒ§¢Í§¢ŒÍÁÙÅ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ GDSS ¨ÐÃǺÃÇÁ¢ŒÍÁÙŨҡ°Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅ à´ÕÂÇà·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õè¹íÒàʹÍä»Âѧ¼ÙŒãªŒ·Ø¡¤¹¨Ö§à»š¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅà´ÕÂǡѹ 4. à¾ÔèÁ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾áÅФÇÒÁ¹‹Òàª×èͶ×ͧ͢¼Å¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨠à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡à»š¹¼Å¡Òà µÑ´ÊԹ㨨ҡ¼ÙŒãªŒËÅÒ¤¹ »˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ÁÕ¡ÒùíÒ GDSS ÁÒ㪌§Ò¹Í‹ҧËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂÁÒ¡ÂÔ觢Öé¹ àª‹¹ ¡ÒûÃЪØÁ ·Ò§ä¡Å ¡ÒÃÊͺ¶ÒÁ¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹ ¡ÒÃŧ¤Ðá¹¹àÊÕ§
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