1. Types of Contributing Factors Across the Social Ecological Model
Level of Social Types of Factors Found at This Level Notes
Ecological Model
Intrapersonal  Personality traits
(Individual)  Life experiences & history
Factors  Mental health issues
 Knowledge, beliefs, perceptions
 Attitudes, values
 Skills/self-efficacy
Interpersonal  Social networks & supports
(Group/  Peer beliefs and perceptions
Peer/Family)  Group norms & behaviors, including
Factors AOD use
 Group structure & leadership
 Group policies, practices, & oversight
 Group-specific academic requirements
 Physical environments
 Family beliefs and behaviors
Institutional  Campus-level policies, procedures, &
Factors systems
 Campus values and norms
 Action/inaction of campus personnel
 Physical environments
 Campus wide alcohol environment
 Campus wide academic requirements
Community  Community characteristics & structures
Factors  Community organizations and networks
 Community laws & ordinances
 Community procedures & practices
 Alumni norms & behaviors
 National organization policies &
practices
 Action/inaction of national organization
personnel
Public Policies &  County, State, and Federal
Societal - Laws & Policies
Influences - Statutes
- Taxes
 Cultural/Societal Factors
Adapted with permission from Linda Langford, Sc.D.
Higher Education Center for Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Violence Prevention
05/10