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Keith Sue - Distributed Energy Storage
- 1. Distributed Energy Storage in the ACT: an assessment of integration potential within the current institutional environment Keith Sue
- 2. Demand Dynamics 16000 15000 14000 14000 • 22% Infrastructure requirement 12000 • 36% Annual wholesale energy costs 13000 10000 Demand (MW) 12000 8000 Demand (MW) 6000 11000 4000 10000 2000 9000 0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 8000 0.0% Percentage of Year 2.5% 5.0% 7.5% 10.0% Percentage of Year Figure 1: NSW regional demand duration curve 2011 (Data from AEMO 2012)
- 3. Energy Storage • Temporal transfer methods ▫ Demand side participation ▫ Energy storage • Low penetrations of storage ▫ Development of technologies ▫ Economic barriers… but prices are coming down Superconducting Magnetic Batteries Flow Batteries Super Capacitors Storage (SMES) Compressed Air Energy Fuel Cells Fly Wheels Storage Pumped Hydro (CAES)
- 4. Cost Projections Figure 3: Energy storage cost projections (Clean Energy Council 2012)
- 5. Storage Applications • Storage Application Frameworks ▫ Specific assessments (firm and market level) ▫ Energy Storage for the Electricity Grid – Sandia Laboratories Demand Charge Consumer Applications Reliability ToU Cost Management Power Quality Management Energy Market Energy Time Shift Supply Capacity Network Support Upgrade Deferral Sub-station power Congestion Relief Transmission Support Ancillary Services Frequency Regulation Load Following Reserve Capacity Voltage Support Wind generation Renewable Integration Energy time shift Capacity firming integration Eyer, J. and Corey, G., 2010. Energy Storage for the Electricity Grid: Benefits and Market Potential Assessment Guide
- 6. Indicative Benefits 1800 • High-value Applications 1600 ▫ Network augmentation deferral 1400 ▫ End-user reliability ▫ Spatial variability Indicative Benefit Range ($k/ MWh) 1200 1000 800 • Benefits Span Supply Chain 600 ▫ Network benefits 400 ▫ Wholesale energy benefits 200 ▫ Reliability benefits 0 Deferral Reliability On-site Power Capacity Freq RegulationTime-shift Figure 5: Indicative annual benefits range of DES in the NEM (Sue et al. 2012)
- 7. Benefits Aggregation 900 • Aggregation of Applications 800 ▫ Maximise revenue 700 ▫ Rewarding flexibility Annualised Value ($k/ MWh) 600 500 400 300 • Aggregation Frames 200 ▫ Benefit aggregation 100 ▫ Spatial aggregation ▫ Temporal Aggregation 0 Reliability Deferral Capacity Time-Shift Freq Regulation Figure 6: Indicative annual benefits of DES in the NEM (Sue et al. 2012)
- 8. Institutional Constraints • Access to Applications ▫ Beyond technical and operational constraints ▫ Do institutional mechanisms support applications • Support for Aggregation ▫ Access to multiple applications Figure 7: Fields of constraint for technologies in the NEM (Sue et al. 2012)
- 9. Regimes Generation Transmission Distribution Retail Social/ political pressure on Social/ political pressure to increase Social/ political pressure to increase Social/ political pressure to reduce Social generation mix reliability reliability costs Governance SCER instigates AEMC reviews SCER instigates AEMC reviews SCER instigates AEMC reviews SCER instigates AEMC reviews Political and Stakeholders submit to AEMC Stakeholders submit to AEMC Stakeholders submit to AEMC Stakeholders submit to AEMC reviews reviews determinations reviews Administrative CCA periodically reviews Clean Reliability and environmental policy Jurisdictions direct distribution Jurisdictions direct retail policies Energy Act defined by jurisdictions. policies NEL and NER with development NEL and NER with development by NEL and NER dictate connection NERL and NERR dictate supply by AEMC AEMC and regulation requirements arrangements and operation NEL applied by jurisdictional acts Separate jurisdictional codes NERL and NERR dictate requirements Renewable Energy Act for RET governing standards and responsibilities to retailers and NEL and NER dictate Clean Energy Act for large GHG responsibilities consumers responsibilities as market customer Legislative ACT rules on revenue decision Separate jurisdictional codes Renewable Energy Act outlines emitters Jurisdictional acts for FiT schemes appeals governing reliability standards and RET responsibilities responsibilities Jurisdictional acts for FiT schemes ACT rules on revenue decision Jurisdictional energy efficiency appeals schemes AER monitors competition AER regulates revenue AER regulates revenue AER monitors competition RET instruments regulated by CER Augmentation regulated by AER Augmentation regulated by AER AER oversees authorisation of Carbon price mechanism regulated through RIT-T with regard to through jurisdictional retailers Regulatory by CER jurisdictional reliability values methodologies and reliability values. Jurisdictional regulators conduct Jurisdictional regulators determine Jurisdictional regulators oversee retail price determinations FiT prices and arrangements licensing arrangements CER for RET Energy and ancillary market rules Regulated revenue for prescribed Regulated DUoS revenue for direct Regulated return from energy sold defined in NER. Market operation transmission services control services Energy market rules defined in and operating standards controlled Negotiated revenue for negotiated Negotiated distribution services set NER. Market operation controlled by AEMO transmission services out in contractual arrangements by AEMO Derivative trading on ASX and Negotiated NSCAS contracts for Negotiated DSM contracts for Derivatives trading on ASX and Commercial OTC markets services from external parties augmentation deferral OTC markets RERT contracts for reserve Negotiated DSM contracts for DMIS payments regulated by AER FiT payments to consumers capacity services from external parties Network payments to TNSPs LGC and STC liability under RET LGC and STC transactions under Network payments to TNSPs and RET DNSPs FiT revenue Technical standards set out in NER NER dictates requirements Connection to network managed by and by AEMO Direct connection requires DNSP Technical Obligations for connections negotiation with TNSP Jurisdictional distribution codes defined in NER Jurisdictional codes for fault levels at connection points Short-term security managed by Long term planning by AEMO Planning delegated to DNSP AEMO (NTNDP) Jurisdictions set SAIFI, SAIDI, and Long-term forecasting by AEMO APRs released by TNSPs as N-x (ESOO) Jurisdictional Planning Body Security AEMC-RP reviews MPC, MFP, Jurisdictions set SAIFI, SAIDI, and CPT and reliability standard N-x AEMC-RP has LRPP
- 10. Questions
Notas del editor
- My background is in sustainable energyIntroduce my supervisors
- The first is an increasing peak in demand. This graph shows the electricity demand in the national electricity market as a percentage of the year for NSW in 2011. As you can see, high electricity demands occur for a relatively small percentage of the year. In essence this means that a large percentage of the network infrastructure and generation assets are required for only a small percentage of the time. Additionally, since the spot price of electricity is reliant on demand, the prices for this small percentage of time make up a large part of the annual wholesale costs. By taking a closer look at the upper section of the graph we can see that the top 2.5% of the year requires 22% of the generation and T&D infrastructure, and accounts for 36% of annual wholesale energy costs.
- Change demand profile through increased energy efficiency and greater demand side price signals or….Energy storage using technologies such as these to allow the temporal transfer of supplyThe argument against using storage technologies within the network has traditionally been based, almost exclusively, on the cost of these technologies versus the available economic benefits. An interesting question, however, is whether this still stands if a broad range of applications are taken into account, and storage is free to access all of those applications.The aim of my research is to develop a framework to quantify the benefits of energy storage in the NEM across a broad range of applications, and investigate the access to those applications in the Australian National Electricity Market.
- Change demand profile through increased energy efficiency and greater demand side price signals or….Energy storage using technologies such as these to allow the temporal transfer of supplyThe argument against using storage technologies within the network has traditionally been based, almost exclusively, on the cost of these technologies versus the available economic benefits. An interesting question, however, is whether this still stands if a broad range of applications are taken into account, and storage is free to access all of those applications.The aim of my research is to develop a framework to quantify the benefits of energy storage in the NEM across a broad range of applications, and investigate the access to those applications in the Australian National Electricity Market.
- Change demand profile through increased energy efficiency and greater demand side price signals or….Energy storage using technologies such as these to allow the temporal transfer of supplyThe argument against using storage technologies within the network has traditionally been based, almost exclusively, on the cost of these technologies versus the available economic benefits. An interesting question, however, is whether this still stands if a broad range of applications are taken into account, and storage is free to access all of those applications.The aim of my research is to develop a framework to quantify the benefits of energy storage in the NEM across a broad range of applications, and investigate the access to those applications in the Australian National Electricity Market.
- Change demand profile through increased energy efficiency and greater demand side price signals or….Energy storage using technologies such as these to allow the temporal transfer of supplyThe argument against using storage technologies within the network has traditionally been based, almost exclusively, on the cost of these technologies versus the available economic benefits. An interesting question, however, is whether this still stands if a broad range of applications are taken into account, and storage is free to access all of those applications.The aim of my research is to develop a framework to quantify the benefits of energy storage in the NEM across a broad range of applications, and investigate the access to those applications in the Australian National Electricity Market.
- Change demand profile through increased energy efficiency and greater demand side price signals or….Energy storage using technologies such as these to allow the temporal transfer of supplyThe argument against using storage technologies within the network has traditionally been based, almost exclusively, on the cost of these technologies versus the available economic benefits. An interesting question, however, is whether this still stands if a broad range of applications are taken into account, and storage is free to access all of those applications.The aim of my research is to develop a framework to quantify the benefits of energy storage in the NEM across a broad range of applications, and investigate the access to those applications in the Australian National Electricity Market.
- Change demand profile through increased energy efficiency and greater demand side price signals or….Energy storage using technologies such as these to allow the temporal transfer of supplyThe argument against using storage technologies within the network has traditionally been based, almost exclusively, on the cost of these technologies versus the available economic benefits. An interesting question, however, is whether this still stands if a broad range of applications are taken into account, and storage is free to access all of those applications.The aim of my research is to develop a framework to quantify the benefits of energy storage in the NEM across a broad range of applications, and investigate the access to those applications in the Australian National Electricity Market.