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What’s My TOD?
Evaluative Frameworks to Identify
the Potential for Transit-Oriented
Development
Massachusetts Area Planning Council
Capitol Region Council of Governments
Regional Plan Association

1
SNEAPA 2013 Friday f4 10_30_what's my tod combined sneapa presentation
SNEAPA 2013 Friday f4 10_30_what's my tod combined sneapa presentation
SNEAPA 2013 Friday f4 10_30_what's my tod combined sneapa presentation
SNEAPA 2013 Friday f4 10_30_what's my tod combined sneapa presentation
Transit Station Area Mix and Intensity
1,000

Metro Core
Seaport / Airport
Neighborhood
Subway

(Employment + Population)
Per Developed Acre

Normalized Intensity (log scale)

100

T
ransformational
Subway
T
rolley Suburb
Urban Gateway
T
own & Village

10

Commerce Park
Suburban
T
ransformation
Undeveloped
1

-

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

Mix
(employment/(employment + population))

Source: MassGIS InfoGroup, MAPC Analysis
,
Data are for 1/ 2 mile non-exclusive station areas
SNEAPA 2013 Friday f4 10_30_what's my tod combined sneapa presentation
TOD in the Pipeline and
Additional Potential
140,000

Additional
potential for
16 million sq ft.

120,000
100,000

80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
-

Potential for add'l
43,400 units
32,700 units
in the pipeline

Housing Units

35 million sq. ft in
the development
pipeline

E
mployment
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
SNEAPA 2013 Friday f4 10_30_what's my tod combined sneapa presentation
Knowledge Corridor
TOD Market Analysis
• Analyzes existing
market conditions
• Projects future jobs
and housing
• Identifies TOD
opportunities and
strategies
• Helps us think about
TOD on corridor basis
Sustainable Knowledge Corridor
• Home to 1.6 million
residents
• 3 planning regions in
MA and CT

• Over $1.5 billion in
new transit and rail
investment
• Shared regional assets
Sustainable Knowledge Corridor Projects
• Regional Planning & Civic Engagement
– Update existing regional plans
– Develop Bi-State Action Plan
• Special Projects: Leadership Pioneer Valley, TOD
Market Analysis, Transit Enhancement Studies,
Sustainable Land Use and Affordable Housing
Regulation Development, Training
• Place-Based Projects: Springfield, Chicopee,
Holyoke, Hartford, New Britain and Enfield
• Metrics and Information Sharing
www.sustainableknowledgecorridor.org
Demographics are Promising for TOD
Need Corridor Centered Growth
TOD Supportive Industries Are In
Corridor and Are Growing
TOD Needs More than Transit—
Market and Urban Form Matter
Opportunities & Strategies Vary by Station Type
SNEAPA 2013 Friday f4 10_30_what's my tod combined sneapa presentation
Realizing TOD Requires
Proactive Efforts
•
•
•
•
•
•

Planning and Visioning
Zoning and Land Use Regulations
New Development
Neighborhood Revitalization
Local Transportation and Infrastructure
Economic Development
Active Leadership is
Crucial for Success
• Investments by States
and Anchor
Institutions can be
catalysts for
development in
station areas
For More Information Contact
Mary Ellen Kowalewski
Director of Policy and Planning
Capitol Region Council of Governments

860-522-2217 ext. 222
mkowalewski@crcog.org
www.crcog.org
Amanda Kennedy
Connecticut Director
Regional Plan Association

amanda@rpa.org
www.rpa.org

23
Transit-Oriented Development
in Connecticut
• Transit Expansions:
• New stations opened:
West Haven, Fairfield
• Potential new stations:
Orange, Bridgeport, Stamford
• Branch line improvements
under consideration:
• New Canaan
• Danbury
• Waterbury

• Transit-oriented economic
development strategy:
• Governor’s Inter-Agency Task
Force
• TOD Pilot Program

• Sustainable Communities
Grantees:
• New York- Connecticut
Sustainable Communities
Consortium
• Knowledge Corridor
Consortium
24
One Region Funders GroupEquitable TOD
• Partnership of Funders and Non-profits
• TOD Toolkit
• Analysis of community readiness
• Do land use regulations in Connecticut
support transit-oriented development?
• Are there common regulatory barriers?
25
Does your town support TOD?
• Plan of Conservation and Development
• What does your Plan of Conservation and Development say about
your station area?
• How old is the plan? How well does it reflect community values?
• Zoning
• What would as-of-right development look like in your station
area?
• How could a change to regulations encourage investment?
• Next Steps
26
Findings
Yes

Partly

No

Vision
Is there a community vision in place that
recognizes the potential of transit to
impact development?

23

8

11

Land Use
22

Do a mix of land uses meet the needs of
residents and businesses?

10

10

12

9

Density
21

Do densities support frequent transit and
create local consumer demand?

Parking
Do parking ratios & other strategies
encourage transit use and reduce the
amount of land and dollars invested in
parking?

8

Yes

19

Partly

15

No

27
28
Vision: Define relationships of
transit & land use to each other
• More than ½ of
stations are center of
TOD-type community
visions
• Other stations
recognize need for
additional planning

POCD does
not address
station
area, 11
Transitbased vision
in place, 23

Suggests
further
planning, 8

• Eleven stations ignore
potential of TOD
around stations
29
30
Land Use: Maximize ridership
& activity with mix of uses
• Most stations with
visions in place have
zones which allow a
mix of uses
• Others have multiple
zones near
station, contributing
to overall
neighborhood mix

Residential
only, 11
Mixed-use
zoning in
place, 22
Area allows
multiple
uses, 9

31
Density: Encourage proximity
of uses & economic feasibility
• Assess different
densities for different
places
• Suburbs:
• >10 units/acre, 3 stories, 1.5 FAR

• Cities:
• >20 units/acre, 4 stories, 2.5 FAR

• There’s no magic number
• “Moderate” density may
be insufficient for
development feasibility

Low, 9
Transitoriented
density, 19

Moderate
density, 11

32
Parking: Minimize need for
cars and investment in parking
• Towns are beginning
to make use of
strategies to reduce
parking, such as
• Shared across time of
day
• Payment-in-lieu
supporting public
parking

Reduced
parking
ratios, 7

Cardependent
ratios, 16

Strategies
allow
reduced
parking, 19

33
34
Community ProfileDarien
• POCD: supports “parkonce” commercial district

“[Darien] should continue to have higher
density housing located near
transportation facilities such as train
stations, and within walking distance to
local shopping.”

• Zoning: 2-story
commercial, parking, singlefamily homes

• Parking: 2-2.5 spaces per
unit, potential reductions for
shared
35
Community ProfileBethel
• Vision: Rezone station area
for moderate density mixeduse, complete sidewalk
network

“Landscaped sidewalks connecting the
mixed use development with the train
station and downtown should include
benches, water fountains, and other
pedestrian amenities.”- Bethel POCD

• Zoning: mixed-use up to 10
units/acre, more possible
w/village district overlay

• Parking: standard, with
shared & TOD reductions
possible

36
Community ProfileBridgeport
• POCD: pedestrian-friendly
and transit-oriented

“The competitive edge for a Downtown
is the ability to create a pedestrian
environment where people walk instead
of drive from one place to another.”

• Zoning: Downtown
village, up to 20 stories

• Parking: Low minimums of
0.5/unit + 10% with ability to
reduce further with shared
parking, carsharing, unbundled, employe
e cash-outs…

37
Urban Reposition Station
•

•

•

•
•

•

•

Land Use Mix
Single-family and multifamily residential
Neighborhood retail
Industrial
Industrial building conversions to res./comm.
Parks
Median Residential Sales Price/Rent
$73,600/$842
(corridor median $160,869/$930)
Density
20.94 persons/acre
Walkability
High
Transit Services
Local bus service
Est. 954 daily CTfastrak Boardings (2015)
Neighborhood Municipal Development Plan
Supports TOD
Brownfields remediation needed to support
development
% TOD Supportive Jobs
59%
New suburban train station
•

•
•
•
•

•

•

•

Land Use Mix
Single-Family Residential
Strip Commercial
Industrial
Median Residential Sales Price
$206,750 (2009)
Density 5,212/sq mile (townwide)
~9 people/acre
Walkability
Low
Transit Services
Bus every 20-30 minutes
Commuter rail every 20-40 minutes
Plan of Conservation & Development
Extensive TOD plan includes identifying needs and
establishing agency responsibilities
Zoning TOD zone: Med/High density mixed-use.
Residential uses contingent on commercial
component.
Surrounding zones allow lower-density mixeduse/multifamily.
Parking 1 space per bedroom
2 minimum per unit except in TOD district

39

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SNEAPA 2013 Friday f4 10_30_what's my tod combined sneapa presentation

  • 1. What’s My TOD? Evaluative Frameworks to Identify the Potential for Transit-Oriented Development Massachusetts Area Planning Council Capitol Region Council of Governments Regional Plan Association 1
  • 6. Transit Station Area Mix and Intensity 1,000 Metro Core Seaport / Airport Neighborhood Subway (Employment + Population) Per Developed Acre Normalized Intensity (log scale) 100 T ransformational Subway T rolley Suburb Urban Gateway T own & Village 10 Commerce Park Suburban T ransformation Undeveloped 1 - 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 Mix (employment/(employment + population)) Source: MassGIS InfoGroup, MAPC Analysis , Data are for 1/ 2 mile non-exclusive station areas
  • 8. TOD in the Pipeline and Additional Potential 140,000 Additional potential for 16 million sq ft. 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 - Potential for add'l 43,400 units 32,700 units in the pipeline Housing Units 35 million sq. ft in the development pipeline E mployment
  • 12. Knowledge Corridor TOD Market Analysis • Analyzes existing market conditions • Projects future jobs and housing • Identifies TOD opportunities and strategies • Helps us think about TOD on corridor basis
  • 13. Sustainable Knowledge Corridor • Home to 1.6 million residents • 3 planning regions in MA and CT • Over $1.5 billion in new transit and rail investment • Shared regional assets
  • 14. Sustainable Knowledge Corridor Projects • Regional Planning & Civic Engagement – Update existing regional plans – Develop Bi-State Action Plan • Special Projects: Leadership Pioneer Valley, TOD Market Analysis, Transit Enhancement Studies, Sustainable Land Use and Affordable Housing Regulation Development, Training • Place-Based Projects: Springfield, Chicopee, Holyoke, Hartford, New Britain and Enfield • Metrics and Information Sharing www.sustainableknowledgecorridor.org
  • 17. TOD Supportive Industries Are In Corridor and Are Growing
  • 18. TOD Needs More than Transit— Market and Urban Form Matter Opportunities & Strategies Vary by Station Type
  • 20. Realizing TOD Requires Proactive Efforts • • • • • • Planning and Visioning Zoning and Land Use Regulations New Development Neighborhood Revitalization Local Transportation and Infrastructure Economic Development
  • 21. Active Leadership is Crucial for Success • Investments by States and Anchor Institutions can be catalysts for development in station areas
  • 22. For More Information Contact Mary Ellen Kowalewski Director of Policy and Planning Capitol Region Council of Governments 860-522-2217 ext. 222 mkowalewski@crcog.org www.crcog.org
  • 23. Amanda Kennedy Connecticut Director Regional Plan Association amanda@rpa.org www.rpa.org 23
  • 24. Transit-Oriented Development in Connecticut • Transit Expansions: • New stations opened: West Haven, Fairfield • Potential new stations: Orange, Bridgeport, Stamford • Branch line improvements under consideration: • New Canaan • Danbury • Waterbury • Transit-oriented economic development strategy: • Governor’s Inter-Agency Task Force • TOD Pilot Program • Sustainable Communities Grantees: • New York- Connecticut Sustainable Communities Consortium • Knowledge Corridor Consortium 24
  • 25. One Region Funders GroupEquitable TOD • Partnership of Funders and Non-profits • TOD Toolkit • Analysis of community readiness • Do land use regulations in Connecticut support transit-oriented development? • Are there common regulatory barriers? 25
  • 26. Does your town support TOD? • Plan of Conservation and Development • What does your Plan of Conservation and Development say about your station area? • How old is the plan? How well does it reflect community values? • Zoning • What would as-of-right development look like in your station area? • How could a change to regulations encourage investment? • Next Steps 26
  • 27. Findings Yes Partly No Vision Is there a community vision in place that recognizes the potential of transit to impact development? 23 8 11 Land Use 22 Do a mix of land uses meet the needs of residents and businesses? 10 10 12 9 Density 21 Do densities support frequent transit and create local consumer demand? Parking Do parking ratios & other strategies encourage transit use and reduce the amount of land and dollars invested in parking? 8 Yes 19 Partly 15 No 27
  • 28. 28
  • 29. Vision: Define relationships of transit & land use to each other • More than ½ of stations are center of TOD-type community visions • Other stations recognize need for additional planning POCD does not address station area, 11 Transitbased vision in place, 23 Suggests further planning, 8 • Eleven stations ignore potential of TOD around stations 29
  • 30. 30
  • 31. Land Use: Maximize ridership & activity with mix of uses • Most stations with visions in place have zones which allow a mix of uses • Others have multiple zones near station, contributing to overall neighborhood mix Residential only, 11 Mixed-use zoning in place, 22 Area allows multiple uses, 9 31
  • 32. Density: Encourage proximity of uses & economic feasibility • Assess different densities for different places • Suburbs: • >10 units/acre, 3 stories, 1.5 FAR • Cities: • >20 units/acre, 4 stories, 2.5 FAR • There’s no magic number • “Moderate” density may be insufficient for development feasibility Low, 9 Transitoriented density, 19 Moderate density, 11 32
  • 33. Parking: Minimize need for cars and investment in parking • Towns are beginning to make use of strategies to reduce parking, such as • Shared across time of day • Payment-in-lieu supporting public parking Reduced parking ratios, 7 Cardependent ratios, 16 Strategies allow reduced parking, 19 33
  • 34. 34
  • 35. Community ProfileDarien • POCD: supports “parkonce” commercial district “[Darien] should continue to have higher density housing located near transportation facilities such as train stations, and within walking distance to local shopping.” • Zoning: 2-story commercial, parking, singlefamily homes • Parking: 2-2.5 spaces per unit, potential reductions for shared 35
  • 36. Community ProfileBethel • Vision: Rezone station area for moderate density mixeduse, complete sidewalk network “Landscaped sidewalks connecting the mixed use development with the train station and downtown should include benches, water fountains, and other pedestrian amenities.”- Bethel POCD • Zoning: mixed-use up to 10 units/acre, more possible w/village district overlay • Parking: standard, with shared & TOD reductions possible 36
  • 37. Community ProfileBridgeport • POCD: pedestrian-friendly and transit-oriented “The competitive edge for a Downtown is the ability to create a pedestrian environment where people walk instead of drive from one place to another.” • Zoning: Downtown village, up to 20 stories • Parking: Low minimums of 0.5/unit + 10% with ability to reduce further with shared parking, carsharing, unbundled, employe e cash-outs… 37
  • 38. Urban Reposition Station • • • • • • • Land Use Mix Single-family and multifamily residential Neighborhood retail Industrial Industrial building conversions to res./comm. Parks Median Residential Sales Price/Rent $73,600/$842 (corridor median $160,869/$930) Density 20.94 persons/acre Walkability High Transit Services Local bus service Est. 954 daily CTfastrak Boardings (2015) Neighborhood Municipal Development Plan Supports TOD Brownfields remediation needed to support development % TOD Supportive Jobs 59%
  • 39. New suburban train station • • • • • • • • Land Use Mix Single-Family Residential Strip Commercial Industrial Median Residential Sales Price $206,750 (2009) Density 5,212/sq mile (townwide) ~9 people/acre Walkability Low Transit Services Bus every 20-30 minutes Commuter rail every 20-40 minutes Plan of Conservation & Development Extensive TOD plan includes identifying needs and establishing agency responsibilities Zoning TOD zone: Med/High density mixed-use. Residential uses contingent on commercial component. Surrounding zones allow lower-density mixeduse/multifamily. Parking 1 space per bedroom 2 minimum per unit except in TOD district 39

Notas del editor

  1. 42 station areas
  2. Hand out chart
  3. Most suburbandevelopmetns require at least 2 spaces per unit- $100,000 of structured parking. Methods for reduciung- shared, transit, car-share, unbundled parking, etc.Parking ratios of 2-3 spaces per unit can doom TOD construction