Civil construction project report at kmda

PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to
Kolkata metropolitan development authority
TRAINING PERIOD: 19 TH
MAY 2014-18 TH
MAY 2015
Submitted by:
AVIJIT BANERJEE

KOLKATA METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ,R.E SECTOR Page 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is indeed a great pleasure and privilege to present this report on training At
K.M.D.A.The internship opurtunity I had with K.M.D.A was a great chance for learning
and development ,therefore I consider myself as a very lucky person as I was provided
with an opportunity to be a part of it.I am also grateful for having a chance to meet so
many wonderful people and professionals who led me through this internship period.
I am extremely grateful to my training and placement officer for issuing a Training
letter, whichmade my training possible at K.M.D.A(R.E SECTOR).
I would like to express my gratitude to and special thanksto Executive Engineer of
K.M.D.A (R.ESECTOR) MR.TAPANDAS and MR. TULSI DAS PRAMANIK inspite of
being extraordinarily busy with their duties ,look time out to hear, guide and keep
me on the correctpath and allowing me to carry the projectattheir esteemed
organization .
I would also thank to Assistant Engineersof K.M.D.A (R.ESECTOR) MR.SUPRIYO
PAL and MR. PRADIP BARUA.
I further expressmy deepest gratitude to AVIJITBISWAS,TechnicalAssistant of
K.M.D.A (R.ESECTOR) withoutwhose suggestionsand brotherly affection to me I
could not complete this project.
Thanksto all other K.M.D.A officialsand all other membersof K.M.D.A, yet
uncounted for their help in completing the projectand see the light of success.

ABOUT K.M.D.A
Kolkata MetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority (K.M.D.A) is thestatutory planning
and development authority for the Kolkata Metropolitan Area (K.M.D.A) in the
state of West Bengal, India. The organisation was previously known as Calcutta
Metropolitan DevelopmentAuthority (CMDA) and still retains the previous logo.
KMDA is under the ministry of Municipal Affairs and Urban Development of West
Bengal state government.
KMDA's role is multi disciplinary - it is the agency of city planning, it sculpts new
areas and townships, itdevelops physicalinfrastructureas well as providebasic
services like water, drainage, wastemanagement. Besides these KMDA is also the
Technical Secretariat to Kolkata Metropolitan Planning Committee (KMPC).
The organisation was initially formed under a Presidential Ordinancein 1970. It
works now under provision of the West Bengal Town and Country (Planning &
Development) Act, 1979. Its Planning Directoratewas set up in 1974.

Projectsite1
Nameof the work
Conversionofexistingopenairhall to auditoriumhall ofnazrulmanchaat Kolkata

Index
Contents page no.
ABOUT 6
INTRODUCTION 6
CALCIUM SILICATEBOARD 6
GLASS WOOL 7
USES OF ETCHING TOUGHENED GLASS 8
FALSECEILING 9
USES OF ARMAFLEXRUBBER 10
SOMEMISCELLANEOUS WORKS 11

ABOUT
Nazrul Mancha is an auditorium in Kolkata, India. Noted for the Dover Lane Music
Conference, the open-air theatre becomes the centre of attention for music lovers when it
becomes the venue for the Dover Lane Music Conference in January each year. For four
consecutive nights music lovers are treated to musical performances.
INTRODUCTION
Muktangan,the city's first - andonly - openair theatre,wasmade forthe largestair-conditionedhall in
Kolkata.Builtin 1980 andrechristenedasNazrul Mancha a decade later,whenanoverheadsteel frame
was addedtoprovide a corrugatedtinsheetroof,the facilitysoonbecame apopularvenue forhigh-
profile musicconcerts.The facility,ownedbythe KolkataImprovementTrust,was renovatedbythe
KolkataMetropolitanDevelopmentAuthority(KMDA).
The threatre has been alsobe fittedwithastate-of-the-artfirefightingsystem.A reservoirisbeing
createdto meetthe system'sneeds.The interiorsof the hall be renovated.Nothingmuchhastobe
done externallytokeepthe heritage of the place alive.
BEFORE RENNOVATION after renovation
USES OF CALCIUM SILICATEBOARD
Calcium silicate (often referred to by its shortened trade name Cal-Sil or Calsil) is the chemical
compound Ca2SiO4, also known as calcium ortho silicate and sometimes formulated 2CaO.SiO2.
Calcium silicate is commonly used as a safe alternative to asbestos for high temperature insulation
materials. Industrial grade piping and equipment insulation is often fabricated from calcium silicate. Its
fabrication is a routine part of the curriculum for insulation apprentices. One of the most successful
materials in fireproofing in Europe is calcium silicate. Where North Americas use spray fireproofing
plasters, Europeans are more likely to use cladding made of calcium silicate. High performance calcium

silicate boards retain their excellent dimensional stability even in damp and humid conditions and can be
installed at an early stage in the construction program, before wet trades are completed and the building
is weather-tight. For sub-standard products, silicone treated sheets are available to fabricators to mitigate
potential harm from high humidity or general presence of water. Fabricators and installers of calcium
silicate in passive fire protection often also install firestops . so it was used in nazrul mancha as a coated
bluish white colour outside.
GLASS WOOL
Glass wool is an insulating material made by glassfibres. arranged using a binder into a texture similar to
wool. Glass wool is produced in rolls or in slabs, with different thermal and mechanical properties. It may
also be produced as a material that can be sprayed or applied in place, on the surface to be insulated.
Principles of function
Gases possess poor thermal conduction properties compared to liquids and solids, and thus makes a
good insulation material if they can be trapped. In order to further augment the effectiveness of a gas
(such as air) it may be disrupted into small cells which cannot effectively transfer heat
by natural convection. Convection involves a larger bulk flow of gas driven by buoyancy and temperature
differences, and it does not work well in small cells where there is little density difference to drive it. In
order to accomplish formation of small gas cells in man-made thermal insulation, glass and polymer
materials can be used to trap air in a foam-like structure.

Uses of glass wool
Glass wool is a thermal insulation that consists of intertwined and flexible glass fibers, which causes it to
"package" air, resulting in a low density that can be varied through compression and binder content .
Glass wool can be a loose fill material, blown into attics, or, together with an active binder sprayed on the
underside of structures, sheets and panels that can be used to insulate flat surfaces such as cavity wall
insulating purpose, ceiling tiles, curtain walls as well ducting. It is also used to insulate piping and for
sound proofing.
USES OF ETCHING TOUGHENED GLASS
What is toughened glass?
Toughened glass is physically and thermally stronger than regular glass. The greater contraction of the
inner layer during manufacturing induces compressive stresses in the surface of the glass balanced by
tensile stresses in the body of the glass. For glass to be considered toughened, this compressive stress
on the surface of the glass should be a minimum of 69 mega pascals (10,000 psi). For it to be
considered safety glass, the surface compressive stress should exceed 100 mega pascals (15,000 psi).
The greater the surface stress, the smaller the glass particles will be when broken.It is this compressive
stress that gives the toughened glass increased strength.
Etching
Etching refers to the technique of creating art on the surface of glass by applying acidic, caustic, or
abrasive substances.
Techniques
Various techniques are used to achieve an etched surface in glass, whether for artistic effect, or
simply to create a translucent surface.

Acid etching is done using hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6) which, when anhydrous, is colourless. The acid
is prepared by dissolving silica in a mixture of hydrofluoric acid, quartz powder, calcium fluoride, and
concentrated sulfuric acid derived after heating.
Glass etching cream is used by hobbyists as it is generally easier to use than acid. Available from art
supply stores, it consists of fluoride compounds, such as hydrogen fluoride and sodium fluoride (which
are still very dangerous). As the types of acids used in this process are extremely hazardous, abrasive
methods have gained popularity.
FALSECEILING
false celing is used to conceal the air condition and electrical appliances and the fault in plastering.
it has an unavoidable aesthetic function .false ceiling increases the inner beauty of the room.
It is also essential for accentuating the lighting of the room.it is a neccessary part of cove lighting and
indirect lighting. false ceiling is also necessary for making arrangements for the lighting accessories, for
lighting given at two or three levels and for uplighting. It also decreases the heat of the room.
FALSE CEILING IN NAZRUL MANCHA
For increasing the accoustics of the home theatre room,false ceiling is used.
The ceiling panels of false ceiling can be easiliy removed .it helps in the repairing and maintenance of air
conditioning, plumbingand wiring accessories by provi ding quick access to them.
USED OF M.D.F BOARD FOR FALSE CEILING PURPOSE
M.D.F (medium-density fiber board is an engineered wood product made of fine wood chips. M,D,F
boards has been easily transformed into suspended ceiling in that auditorium.. Because of perforation,
ventilation systems and diffuse cells can be placed behind the boards to avoid the damage of the room
interior

USES OF ARMAFLEX RUBBER
AF/Armaflex Class O is the flexible, closed cell, elastomeric nitrile rubber insulation that offers reliable
protection against condensation and effectively prevents energy loss. It is a grey elastomeric foam sheet
supplied in rolls and especially produced for the thermal and acoustic insulation of metal air-conditioning
ducts.
Air ducts are not only insulated in order to minimize heat and energy losses and, in the case of outdoor
air ducts or air-supply and exhaust ducts running through cool rooms, condensation can occur on the
surface or on the inside of the duct if the temperature falls below the dew point. Insulation must be
installed to prevent this and also to reduce the emission of air and structure-borne sound, which occurs
due to flow noise in the air ducts. In addition Armaflex engenders improved indoor air quality by making it
more difficult for micro-organisms, such as mould, to settle.
Duct has been made with coated out side with armaflex rubber and inside with glasswool.
SOMEMISCELLANEOUS WORKS
 An old roller of Jessop has been painted new with a doll as a driver of human size for
memento.

 Old plastic chairs has been replaced by back push auditorium chair.
 Pave block has been laid in passage.

PROJECTSITE 2
Nameof the work
CONSTRUCTIONOF WOMENSCOLLEGE with alliedworksfor minority
within the campusof jnanChandraghosh POLYTECHNIC
TENDERNO.
SE(W)/C-II/RE/KMDA/24OF 2013-2014
agency
m/s madhumitaconstructionpvt.ltd.

Index
Contents page no.
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANTINFORMATION 14
SITE CLEARANCE 15
POSITIONING OF CENTRAL COORDINATEAND LAYOUT 15
EARTH WORKING EXCAVATION 15
PUMPING OUT OF WATER 16
BRICKWORK IN PERIPHERY WALL 16
SILVER SAND FILLING 16
FOUNDATION LAYOUTAND CENTRELINEEVALUATION 17
SINGLEBRICK FLATSOLING 17
PLAIN CEMENTCONCRETE(P.C.C) 18
R.C.C FOOTING 20
R.C.C COLUMN CONSTRUCTION 21
R.C.C ROOF SLAB CASTING PROCEDURE 23
BRICKWORK 29
PLASTERING 31

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANTINFORMATION
The proposed minority women’s college consists of three buildings – Academic 1, Academic 2 and
Administrative building, where Academic 1 and Academic 2 are identical. Each building are three storied.
INFORMATION
1. Grade of reinforcement is tor steel deformed bar of grade Fe-500
2. Clear cover to main reinforcement
A) Column =40 mm
b) Floor beams= 25 mm
c) Floor Slab/Waist slab =20 mm
3. Lap length = 50* Diameter of bar
4. All chair bars in slab is 10 tor @1000c/c
5. all spacer bar is 25 tor @1000c/c
6 .all distributor steel 8 tor @ 25 c/c
Foundation –Strip footing
SITE CLEARANCE-

The very first step is site clearance, which involves removal of grass and vegetation along with any other
objections, which might be there in the site location.
Positioning of Central coordinate and layout-
The centre point was marked with the help of a digital Theodolite, Thread and Plumb bob as per the grid
drawing. With respect to this centre point, all the other points of columns were to be decided so its exact
position is very critical.
EARTHWORKING EXECAVATION
This is the primary part of building construction. Excavation was carried out mechanically. A hydraulic
excavator (Tata Hitachi ex-200) was used for excavated the soil & two dumpers were used for carried the
excavated soil & stack them on another place nearby. Adequate precautions are taken to see that the
excavation process do not damage the adjoining structures. Excavation was carried out providing
adequate slide slopes & dressing of excavation bottom. Earthwork excavated up to 2675 mm.
Two hydraulic excavators during excavation
PUMPING OUT OF WATER After excavation, two pumps were used to remove the stagnant
water as far as possible. This was the hard task in this project, because it was the monsoon season.

BRICKWORK IN PERIPHERY WALL
SILVER SAND FILLING After excavation, the cut out portion was filled up with silver sand. This
filled up process was controlled by dumper and backhoe loader (JCB). Silver sand filled upto 1500 mm.
After sand filing it was compacted by PLATE COMPACTOR with sprinkling water.

FOUNDATION LAYOUTAND CENTERLINE EVALUATION This is one of the important part
of building construction. To determine the centreline as per plan the used instrument was digital
theodolite (for measure horizontal and vertical angle), peg , nail , hammer ,tread. This was my first
experience using digital theodolite to determine gridline as per plan.
SINGLE BRICK FLAT SOLING In which land the soling process did ,before that compacted by
plate compactor machine with using water. To hold the grid line mason are laid the brick.the instrument
was used in this process thread ,plumb bob ,measuring tape
first of all, compact the surface by hand rammer and sprinkling water.

Lay the bricks on surface so that they contact with each other. And keep the frog mark upwards.
Fill the gaps or joints among the bricks with sand.
Finally check the finish surface is levelled both longitudinally and transversely.
P.C.C (PLAIN CEMENTCONCRETE)
after finished 75 mm thick brick flat soling ,the next step was p.c.c .for p.c.c plain cement also called only
“cement concrete” or “binding concrete”.
Materials used for producing pcc

Cement: the cement used in site was Portland pozzolona cement as bonding material.
Fine aggregate: sand as used as fine aggregate.
Coarse aggregate: stone chips used for this purpose
Water: pure drinkable water used in pcc.
Tools used for producing pcc
Normally used tools in the site for pcc
Wooden rammer
Mixture machine (tilting mixture was used)
Thickness of pcc was 100 mm.
Placing and compaction of pcc
first step was formwork for p.c.c with ply board as per specified dimensions. then clean dust or foreign or
loose earth from concreting area placed the concrete gently from one side .used the mixed concrete
within 45 minutes after the water was added. then used wooden rammer for compaction and finishing pcc
.checked the finish level of pcc by thread fixed with nails in form work.

RCC FOOTING
The type of footing used was Strip foundation.it consist of a continuous strip , usually of concrete,formed
centrally under load bearing walls.this continuous strip serves as a level base on which the wall is built
and is of such the built and is of such a width as is necessary to spread the load on the foundations to an
area of subsoil capable of supporting the load without undue compaction .
The width of a concrete strip foundation depends upon the bearing capcity of the subsoil and the load on
the foundations.the greater the bearing capacity of the subsoil the less the width of the foundation for the
same load.
Arrangement of bars
After the pcc process had been done , the steel bars was laying on the spot,as per bar bending
schedule.main bar had been laid along shorter span and distribution bar along longer direction.dia of
main bar used in this purpose of footing was 12 mm and 16 mm And distribution was 8 mm diameter as
per plan.
Cover block then used in the footing . it is Prevent steel bars from getting exposed to the atmosphere so
that steel corrosion may result.

RCC COLUMN CONSTRUCTION
RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) column is a structural member of RCC frame structured building. It's
a vertical member which transfers loads from slab and beam directly to subsequent soil.
A whole building stands on columns. Most of the building failure happens due to column failure. And most
of the column failure happens not for design fault but for the poor construction practice. So, it is very
important to know the construction process of the RCC column properly.
Two types of dimension the column at site were (350*450)mm and (300*450)mm. but their tie bars
position and longitudinal bars dia were different.
Constructing RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) Column involves following four stages of works -
1. Column layout work
2. Column reinforcement work
3. Column formwork, and
4. Pouring concrete into column.
1. Columnlayout work: In this stage of works the location of columns are determined practically in
field. It is done by laying rope according to grids shown in the drawing and then mark the location
of columns related to rope.
In drawing, column locations are shown related to grid-line with dimension. Practically, in field,
ropes are our grid-line. So we place columns related to rope-line by measuring dimension shown
in the drawing.
2. Column Reinforcementwork:After marking the column locations, we then start to place
reinforcement as instructed in the structural drawing.

3. Columnformwork: In building,floorheightisnormallykept10feet.If the slabhas beamthen
we have to pour concrete upto beambottomlevel.Suppose,beamheightspecifiedindrawing
is1'-6". So,the castingheightof ourcolumnwill be 8'-6". Andour formworkheightwill be 8'-6".
But one thingshouldbe consideredhereisthatdroppingconcrete fromabove 5' heightisn't
suggestedduringpouring.Becauseitleadsconcrete segregation.Sowe shouldmake one-side of
columnformworkwithin5feetheightrange.Aftercasting5feetof column,we justliftthe short
side upto full-castingheightof columnnextday.
4. Pouringconcrete intocolumn: Casting column is easy. For small quantity of concrete volume
we normally depend on machine-mix concrete and for large concrete quantity ready-mix
concrete. In my site machine mix concrete has been used.

precaution takenon columnwork
All rubbish, particularly chippings, shavings and saw dust, was removed from the interior of the forms
(plywood) before the concrete is placed. The form work in contact with the concrete was cleaned and
thoroughly wetted or treated with an approved composition to prevent adhesion between form work and
concrete. Care was taken that such approved composition is kept out of contact with the reinforcement.
The form-work should be designed and constructed such that the concrete can be properly placed and
thoroughly compacted to obtain the required shape, position, and levels subject.
All the outer columns of the frame were checked for plumb by plumb-bob as the work proceeds to upper
floors. Internal columns were checked by taking measurements from outer row of columns for their exact
position. Jack were used to lift the supporting rods called props.
RCC ROOF SLAB CASTING PROCEDURE
Materialsand machinery used
Rmc vehicle
Concrete pump
Vibrators
Scope of the work
Marking the slab
Arrangementand placing the reinforcement

Form workfor slab
Placingthe concrete
Before castingof slab, stagingis verynecessary. itmade of ply.forthispurpose presence of skilful
laboursneededanditwashappenedinsite.
Reinforcement
It shall be as per BBS prepared according to approved drawing. The R/F shifting and binding
shall be started as soon as shuttering is completed. R/F binding shall continue as formwork and
shuttering work is progresses.
Test conducted before placement
Before concrete placementworkabilityhadbeendone. forthisslumptesthadbeenoccurred.
Concrete SlumpTest

Slumpisa measurementof concrete'sworkability,orfluidity.
It's an indirectmeasurementof concrete consistencyorstiffness.
A slumptestisa methodusedtodetermine the consistencyof concrete.The consistency,orstiffness,
indicateshowmuchwaterhas beenusedinthe mix.The stiffnessof the concrete mix shouldbe
matchedto the requirementsforthe finishedproductquality
Concrete SlumpTest
The concrete slumptestisusedfor the measurementof apropertyof freshconcrete.The testisan
empirical testthatmeasuresthe workabilityof freshconcrete.More specifically, itmeasures
consistencybetweenbatches.The testispopulardue tothe simplicityof apparatususedandsimple
procedure.
Principle
The slumptestresultisa measure of the behaviorof a compactedinvertedcone of concrete underthe
actionof gravity.It measuresthe consistencyorthe wetnessof concrete.
Apparatus
Slumpcone,
Scale for measurement,
Tempingrod(steel)
Procedure of Concrete Slump test:
The moldfor the slumptestisa frustumof a cone,300 mm (12 in) of height.The base is200 mm (8in) in

diameterandithas a smalleropeningatthe topof 100 mm (4 in).
The base isplacedona smoothsurface andthe containerisfilledwithconcrete in three layers,whose
workabilityistobe tested.
Each layeris temped25 timeswithastandard 16 mm (5/8 in) diametersteelrod,roundedatthe end.
Whenthe moldis completelyfilledwithconcrete,the topsurface isstruckoff (leveledwithmouldtop
opening) bymeansof screeningandrollingmotionof the tempingrod.
The mouldmustbe firmlyheldagainstitsbase duringthe entire operationsothatitcouldnot move due
to the pouringof concrete and thiscan be done bymeansof handlesorfoot - rests brazedtothe mould.
Immediatelyafterfillingiscompletedandthe concrete isleveled,the cone isslowlyandcarefullylifted
vertically,anunsupportedconcrete will now slump.
The decrease inthe heightof the centerof the slumpedconcrete iscalledslump.
The slumpismeasuredbyplacingthe cone justbesidesthe slumpconcrete andthe tempingrodis
placedoverthe cone so that it shouldalsocome overthe areaof slumpedconcrete.
The Degree of
workability
slump Compactingfactor Use for which
concrete issuitable
mm in
Verylow 0-25 0-1 0.78 Very dry mixes; used in
road making. Roads
vibrated by power
operated machines..
low 25-50 1-2 0.82 Low workability mixes;
used for foundations
with light reinforcement.
Roads vibrated by hand
operated Machines
Medium 50-100 2-4 0.92 Medium workability
mixes; manually
compacted flat slabs
using crushed
aggregates. Normal
reinforced concrete
manually compacted
and heavily reinforced
sections with vibrations.
High 100-175 4-7 0.95 High workability
concrete; for sections
with congested
reinforcement.
140 mmslump usedinthissite.

placement of concrete.
through the rmc van the casting process occurred. Proper walkways/platforms had been arranged so that
the supports of the pipeline and manpower are not directly stand on reinforcement.
Sufficient carpenters along with supervisor shall inspect the behavior of supports below the slab during
the casting. Extra Props had been stocked below slab to provide additional supports in case of any failure
of supports.
General precautions
Before casting of slab
 Check concealed electric conduit work, junctions and all electrical points, positions of fan points,
MS boxes as per electrical layout plan
 Check the reinforcement and obtain approval from RCC consultant
 Decide the position of concrete joints in case of a big slab after consulting the RCC consultant
 Ensure removal of wooden pieces, paper, nails, etc. from slab/ beam before casting
 Ensure that shuttering, support and scaffolding is firm and proper
 Ensure all joints in formwork are properly sealed to avoid slurry leakage. Instead of using mud,

jute, paper, etc. it is desirable to use putty of used grease and cement (50 : 50). It effectively
seals joints and remains intact during vibration of concreting.
i. Make arrangement of wooden planks and steel chairs and place them on slab for labour
movement. Do not allow labour to directly walk on reinforcement
ii. Check if vibrator is in working condition and adequate labour is available
iii. Sprinkle little water over shuttering just before placing the concrete
iv. Ensure sufficient light arrangements in case of late evening/night concreting and provide
safety measures
v. Ensure that concrete cover blocks of proper size & type are provided at site as per
requirement of BIS standards
At the time of casting
 Check and ensure that the position of cover blocks are intact and not disturbed during concreting
operations
 Closely supervise the proper batching of ingredients, water content, mixing and testing of fresh
concrete in case of concrete made at site.
 Beams had been cast first in layers and properly compacted with vibrators
 One carpenter & helper should be present below slab shuttering to ensure that props/supports
are not disturbed and shuttering remains intact in position during & after concreting also
 One bar bender should be present to ensure that no displacement of steel reinforcement takes
place

After concreting of slab
 Deshuttering of vertical sides of beam, columns only after 24 hours
 Curing of slab for 14 to 20 days depending upon the type of structure
 Deshuttering of slab after 7, 10 or 15 days depending upon span of slab and type of cement used
 Deshuttering of beams after 14 or 21 days depending upon span
 Checking all spots of honeycombing and finishing the same with rich cement sand mortar.
Brick work
Brickwork is an important part of construction work done with the help of bricks and cement mortar.
Types of the brick depends upon the importance of the work. 250 mm thick main wall and 125 mm thick
partition walls had been done.
Cementsandratiointhe mortar was1:4
Tools recommended for brick work
1. Wooden setting out square

2. Spirit level
3. Water level
4. Boning rod
5. Plumb rule
6. Laying trowel
7. Brick hammer
8. Lump hammer and bolster chisel.
9. Double end comb hammer
10. Straight edge
11. Brick work gauge rod
12. Checking the accuracy of spirit plumb level
How to test the quality of Bricks at small construction sites?
Normally the bricks are tested for Compressive strength, water absorption, dimensional tolerances and
efflorescence. However at small construction sites the quality of bricks can be assessed based on
following, which is prevalent in many sites.
1. Visual check - Bricks should be well burnt and of uniform size and color.
2. Striking of two bricks together should produce a metallic ringing sound.
3. It should have surface so hard that can’t be scratched by the fingernails.
4. A good brick should not break if dropped in standing position from one metre above ground level.
5. A good brick shouldn’t absorb moisture of more than 15-20% by weight, when soaked in water For
example, a good brick of 2 kg shouldn’t weigh more than 2.3 to 2.4 kg if immersed in water for 24 hours
Workingprocedure
All the bricks to use in construction are soaked well in water so that they did not absorb water from the
mortar.mortar was spread on the top of the foundation course over an area to be covered by the edges of
the wall. the corner of the wall was constructed first .the excess mortars from the sides will squeeze
out,which was cleaned up with trowel. the level and alignment checked. Bricklayers has been checked
vertical by plum bob.

Precautions to be taken in brick masonry work
• Bricks should be soaked in water for adequate period so that the water penetrates
to its full thickness. Normally 6 to 8 hours of wetting is sufficient.
• A syst• All bricks should be placed on their bed with frogs on top (depression on top of the
brick for providing bond with mortar).
• Thread, plumb bob and spirit level should be used for alignment, verticality and
horizontality of construction.
• Joints should be raked and properly finished with trowel or float, to provide good bond.
• A maximum of one metre wall height should be constructed in a day.
• Brickwork should be properly cured for at least 10 days.
PLASTERING
The purposes of plastering are to give a wear resistance to the wall, increase fire resistance of the
building elements, and to give a good appearance to the wall. plastering conceals defective workmanship
and cover up unsound and cheap quality material.
Necessary handling equipment
1. Hand gloves
2. Bucket
3. Spread
4. Trowel
5. Pan
6. Float
7. Plumb bob

Step by Step Guide for Cement Plastering
Step-1 (Preparation ofSurface for Plastering)
1. Keep all the mortar joints of wall rough, so as to give a good bonding to hold plaster.
2. Clean all the joints and surfaces of the wall with a wire brush, there should be no oil or
grease etc. left on wall surface.
3. If the surface is smooth or the wall to be plastered is old one, then rake out the mortar
joint to a depth of at least 12 mm to give a better bonding to the plaster.
4. If the projection on the wall surface is more than 12 mm, then knock it off, so as to obtain
a uniform surface of wall. This will reduce the consumption of plaster.
5. If there exist any cavities or holes on the surface, then fill it in advance with appropriate
material.
6. Roughen the entire wall to be plastered.
7. Wash the mortar joints and entire wall to be plastered, and keep it wet for at least 6 hours
before applying cement plaster.
Step-2 (ApplyingFirstCoat or UnderCoat or RenderingCoat)

1. In case of brick masonry the thickness of first coat plaster is in general 12 mm and in case
of concrete masonry this thickness varies from 9 to 15 mm.
2. The ratio of cement and sand for first coat plaster varies from 1:3 to 1:6.
3. Apply the first coat of plaster between the spaces formed by the screeds on the wall
surface. This is done by means of trowel.
4. Level the surface by means of flat wooden floats and wooden straight edges.
5. After leveling, left the first coat to set but not to dry and then roughen it with a scratching
tool to form a key to the second coat of plaster.
Step-3 (ApplyingSecondCoat or FinishingCoat or Fine Coat)
1. The thickness of second coat or finishing coat may vary between 2 to 3 mm.
2. The ratio of cement and sand for second coat plaster varies from 1:4 to 1:6.
3. Before applying the second coat, damp the first coat evenly.
4. Apply the finishing coat with wooden floats to a true even surface and using a steel
trowel, give it a finishing touch.
5. As far as possible, the finishing coat should be applied starting from top towards bottom
and completed in one operation to eliminate joining marks.
After completion of the plastering work, it is kept wet by sprinkling water for at least 7 days in
order to develop strength and hardness.

PROJECTSITE 2
Name of the work
REPAIR,RECTIFICATIONANDUP-GRADATION WORK OF KING’S BUILDING IN
THE CAMPUS OF JNAN CHANDRA GHOSH POLYTECHNIC
TENDERNO
SE(W)/C-I/RE/KMDA/12 OF 2014-2015
agency
m/s standard engineers
Index

Contents page no.
INTRODUCTION 36
PROBLEM OF THE BUILDING 38
REPAIR OF PLASTER ON WALLS 38
ROOF RENOVATION 40
SOMEMISCELLANEOUS WORK 43

INTRODUCTION
King's building is the heritage building situated within the campus of jnan Chandra ghosh polytechnic
campus.The building is a full of architectural work inside the
building.
such as Bifurcated stair, beautiful veranda, mumpty room.The wall of the building is 500mm(20”)thick.
BIFURCATED STAIR

verandah
rooms of the building is quite large & its ceiling height is approximately same to modern conventional
buildings 1st floor height.floor is consisstof floor beam which is I section floor beam made from frodinham
,England.
Roof of the building made of lime terracing & tile.

LIME TERRACING WITH TILE
PROBLEM OF THE BUILDING After elapses of the long time the rooftop of the building
had been seriously damaged. So the repair and rectification of the building had to properly
upgraded.
REPAIR OF PLASTER IN WALLS
Repair of plaster is needed from time to time as the building ages.the plaster repair work includes cutting
the patch and preparing the wall surface.
Procedure involves in repair of plaster are:
Setting up scaffolding
Scaffolding if required for the proper execution of the repair work should be erected .ladder can also be
used in case of scaffolding if the work can be done safely.

Cutting of old plaster
The mortar of the patch was cut to a square or rectangle shape at position where repairing is needed.
Preparation of surface
It is necessary things to do before plastering.the old plaster was throughly scrubbed with wire brushes
after the plaster had been cut out and marked the surface is roughned by wire brushing and all the dust
and loose particles cleaned off.
In kings building internal walls surface had been washed and cleaned and kept wet .
Application of plaster
Mortar of specific mix 1:4 with the good quality plaster sand was used.with the cement mortar dr.fixits lw+
damp proof chemical used.
Curing of plaster
Curing of plaster had been done for 3 days at regular interval.

ROOF RENOVATION
Tree roots had seriously damaged the most section of lime concrete roof. Therefore, decision had been
taken by authorities to replace the old roof with rcc slab.
RCC ROOF CASTING PROCEDURE
Materialsand machinery used
Rmc vehicle
Concrete pump
Vibrators
Scope of the work
Marking the slab
Arrangementandplacing the reinforcement
Formwork forslab
Placingthe concrete
Before castingof slab,stagingisverynecessary.itmade of ply.for thispurpose presence of skilful
laboursneededanditwashappenedinsite.Afterplylayingprocessplasticsheethadbeenlaidsothat
the slurryhad not dropdrownin time of slabcasting.

placement of concrete.
Through the rmc van the casting process occurred. Proper walkways/platforms had been arranged so
that the supports of the pipeline and manpower are not directly stand on reinforcement. Sufficient
carpenters along with supervisor shall inspect the behavior of supports below the slab during the casting.
Extra Props had been stocked below slab to provide additional supports in case of any failure of supports.

At the time of casting
 Check and ensure that the position of cover blocks are intact and not disturbed during concreting
operations
 Closely supervise the proper batching of ingredients, water content, mixing and testing of fresh
concrete in case of concrete made at site.
 One carpenter & helper should be present below slab shuttering to ensure that props/supports
are not disturbed and shuttering remains intact in position during & after concreting also
 One bar bender should be present to ensure that no displacement of steel reinforcement takes
place

After concreting of slab
 Curing of slab for 14 to 20 days depending upon the type of structure
 Deshuttering of slab after 7, 10 or 15 days depending upon span of slab and type of cement used
Some miscellaneous work
 Septic tank construction

 Arch construction

SOMEIMPORTANTBUILDING CONSTRUCTIONTERMS RELATED TO PROJECT 2
Some important terms ,which I’ve learned in site.
SHUTTERING OR FORMWORK
Formwork is a mould or die used to support and shape the concrete until it attains sufficient to
carry its own weight. The formwork holds the concrete until it hardens to required shape and
size.it is maid by hard wood for interior works and steel plate for superior works and they are
supported by staging of bamboo,salballah,structural tubing.
SIGNIFICANCE OF FORMWORK
1) Formwork constitutes 30% of the cost and 60% of the time in concrete construction.
2) Quality of concrete finish and soundness of concrete depends very much on the formwork
system
3) Desired shape of concrete is not possible if formwork not done properly.
4) Formwork should be properly designed, fabricated and erected to receive concrete.
5) Accidents happen because of the faulty formwork and scaffolding or staging.

SAFETY IN USING FORMWORK
1) Components are light in weight for manual handling.
2) Loose or hanging components are minimal.
3) Appropriate use of tools.
4) Minimum operations are involved in each reuse
STAGING
Staging is for the purpose of site work for the purpose of site work for the labour worker .upon
which shuttering work or form work is done by labour work. it generally made by wooden ply
,steel plate.
PROP
Prop is metal item, generally made of iron rod or bamboo. iron rod used in the site of gyan
ghosh premises. its purpose is support the stage and it can be adjustable.

SCAFFOLDING
Scaffolding is a temporary structure used to support people and material in the construction or repair of
building and other structures.
Scaffolding has been used since ancient times.there are many kinds of prefabricated ,modular system of
metal pipes or tubes ,although it can be custom made from other materials such as wood and bamboo
which is frequently used in south east asia.

SPACER BAR
Where there are two or more row of bars ,the bars shall be vertically in line and the minimum vertical
distance between the bars shall be 15 mm, two thirds the nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate or
the maximum size of bar whichever is geatest.the vertical distance may be maintained by providing
spacer bars placed 0.9 m-1.2 m,apart fromn one another through out the length of the beam.
COVER BLOCK
Cover blocks are placed to prevent the steel rods from touching the shuttering plates and there by
providing a minimum cover and fix the reinforcements as per the design drawings. Sometimes it is
commonly seen that the cover gets misplaced during the concreting activity. To prevent this, tying of
cover with steel bars using thin steel wires called binding wires (projected from cover surface and placed
during making or casting of cover blocks) is recommended. Covers should be made of cement sand
mortar (1:3).
Shape of the cover blocks could be cubical or cylindrical. However, cover indicates thickness of the cover
block. Normally, cubical cover blocks are used.
COVER BLOCK PREPARATION

COVER BLOCK IN FOOTING
PURPOSE OF COVER BLOCK
Prevent steel bars from getting exposed to the atmosphere so that steel corrosion may result.
Place and fix reinforcement based on design drawing.
Structural
element
Cover to
reinforcement
(mm)
Footings 40
Columns 40
Slabs 15
Beams 25
CHAIR BAR

It maintains the gap between the two layer of bar.
It supports the bars .
it helps to prevent the fear of building collapse due to the failure of compression and tension zone.
RMC
Full form of r.m.c is ready mixed concrete, that is manufactured in a factory or batching plant , according
to a set recipe, and then delivered to a worksite ,by truck mounted in transit mixtures.this results in a
precise mixture , allowing specially concrete mixtures to be developed and implemented on construction
sites.the first rmc plant was installed in uk.and in india it was first established in 1950. The nominal
capacity of rmc was used on project II 6.5 cubic meter.
COMPACTION BY VIBRATOR
it is pointed out that the compaction by hand, if properly carried out on concrete .with sufficient
workability, gives satisfactory results, but the strength of the hand compacted concrete will b e
necessarily low ,because of higher water cement ratio required for full compaction ,where high strength is
required . it is necessary that stiff concrete with low w/c ratio be used . to compact such concrete ,
mechanically operated vibratory equipment must be used . the vibrated concrete with low water cement
ratio will have many advantages over the hand compacted concrete with higher w/c ratio.

HONEY COMBING
Honey combing may be caused by insufficient fine material in the mix perhaps due to incorrect aggregate
grading on poor mixing . This can be can be corrected by increasing the sand and cement content of the
mix and by proper mixing , placing and compaction. It can also occur due to the improper method of using
vibrator. So during using vibrator ,it is necessary to compacted the concrete properly through vibrator.
STIRRUP
A reinforcementused to resist shear and diagonal tension stresses in a concrete structural member. it
bindsandholdslongitudinal barsof steel inposition.itis used to preventthe bucklingorspreading out
the longitudinal reinforcement and also to prevent concrete from splitting outwards.

EFFLORESCENCE
This defect is caused because of alkalis present in brick ,when bricks come in contact with moisture
,water is absorbing them. This absorbed water dries out by evaporation from the exposed faces , and as
it does so , the soluble salts it contains crystallation out on the surfaces . on drying grey or white powder
patches appear on the brick surfaces .the bricks which have been saturated before their placement .
Various methods have been used in attempts to remove efflorescence from masonry structures. It was
learned accordingly, that the best way to remove these soluble salts was to brush the surface thoroughly
with a stiff brush. Water, however, has been satisfactory for removing efflorescence from the face of
concrete structures, since concrete is fairly well saturated with water. In fact, efflorescence in the form of
alkali salts will be washed from the surface of concrete structures, if exposed to rain, over some period of
time. If the coating is largely calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate, it adheres rather strongly and is difficult
to remove by brushing. The practice developed in this case for masonry surfaces, has been to saturate
the structure as thoroughly as possible with water, and then wash with diluted muriatic acid, followed
immediately with an alkaline wash, then washed with water. The acid recommended is five (5) parts
hydrochloric to one hundred (100) parts water, or twenty (20) parts vinegar to one hundred (100) parts
water. The alkaline wash recommended is diluted household ammonia.
Much care must be taken in applying acid to Portland cement products. The acid will attack, not only the
calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate efflorescence, but also other calcium compounds to produce

calcium salts such as calcium chloride. It is, therefore, very important to neutralize the acid before it can
attack other compounds.
CURING
Curing decribed as the process of maintaining a satisfactory moisture content and a favourable
temperature in concrete during the period immediately following placement ,so that the hydration of
cement may continue until the desired properties are developed to a sufficient degree to meet the
requirement of service.

CONCLUSION
Though I have gathered sound knowledge regarding construction of a new building and repair,
rectification and renovation of heritage building from the site of Jnan Chandra Ghosh Polytechnic, but it
is indeed a rare chance to have an experience over such a sophisticated auditorium like Nazrul Mancha
where all modern auditorium facilities sofisticated acoustics ,heat insulation materials like glass wool
,armaflex foam ,calcium silicate board, m.d.f board etc properly used.

Civil construction project report at kmda

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