1. INTRODUCTION TO SIX SIGMA HAWTHORN 6SIGMA QUALITY SOLUTIONS [email_address] [email_address] WWW.HSQS.IN
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3. What is Six Sigma ? The term " Sigma " is used to designate the distribution or spread about the mean (average) of any process or procedure. For a business or manufacturing process, the sigma value is a metric that indicates how well that process is performing. The higher the sigma value, the better. Sigma measures the capability of the process to perform defect-free-work. A defect is anything that results in customer dissatisfaction.
4. With Sig Sigma, the common measurement index is "defects-per-unit," where a unit can be virtually anything--- a component, piece of material, line of code, administrative form, time frame, distance, etc. The Sigma value indicates how often defects are likely to occur. The higher the sigma value, the less likely a process will produce defects. As sigma increases, costs go down, cycle time goes down, and customer satisfaction goes up. What is Six Sigma … ?
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12. MANAGING UP THE SIGMA SCALE Sigma % Good % Bad DPMO 1 30.9% 69.1% 691,462 2 69.1% 30.9% 308,538 3 93.3% 6.7% 66,807 4 99.38% 0.62% 6,210 5 99.977% 0.023% 233 6 99.9997% 0.00034% 3.4
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15. THE SIX SIGMA EVOLUTIONARY TIMELINE 1736 : French mathematician Abraham de Moivre publishes an article introducing the normal curve. 1896 : Italian sociologist Vilfredo Alfredo Pareto introduces the 80/20 rule and the Pareto distribution in Cours d’Economie Politique . 1924 : Walter A. Shewhart introduces the control chart and the distinction of special vs. common cause variation as contributors to process problems. 1941 : Alex Osborn, head of BBDO Advertising, fathers a widely-adopted set of rules for “brainstorming”. 1949 : U. S. DOD issues Military Procedure MIL-P-1629, Procedures for Performing a Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis . 1960 : Kaoru Ishikawa introduces his now famous cause-and-effect diagram. 1818 : Gauss uses the normal curve to explore the mathematics of error analysis for measurement, probability analysis, and hypothesis testing. 1970s : Dr. Noriaki Kano introduces his two-dimensional quality model and the three types of quality. 1986 : Bill Smith, a senior engineer and scientist introduces the concept of Six Sigma at Motorola 1994 : Larry Bossidy launches Six Sigma at Allied Signal. 1995 : Jack Welch launches Six Sigma at GE.
21. DEFINE – CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS WHAT ARE THE CTQS? WHAT MOTIVATES THE CUSTOMER? Voice of the Customer Key Customer Issue Critical to Quality SECONDARY RESEARCH PRIMARY RESEARCH Surveys OTM Industry Intel Listening Posts Market Data Industry Benchmarking Focus Groups Customer Service Customer Correspondence Obser-vations
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23. ANALYZE – POTENTIAL ROOT CAUSES WHAT AFFECTS OUR PROCESS? y = f (x 1 , x 2 , x 3 . . . x n ) Ishikawa Diagram (Fishbone) Six Sigma
24. ANALYZE – VALIDATED ROOT CAUSES WHAT ARE THE KEY ROOT CAUSES? y = f (x 1 , x 2 , x 3 . . . x n ) Critical Xs Process Simulation Data Stratification Regression Analysis Six Sigma
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26. IMPROVE – SOLUTION SELECTION HOW DO WE CHOOSE THE BEST SOLUTION? Solution Implementation Plan Solution Selection Matrix Solution Sigma Time CBA Other Score Time Quality Cost Six Sigma ☺ Nice Try Nice Idea X Solution Right Wrong Implementation Bad Good
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