The document provides an overview of the Golden Age of Islam, characterized by significant developments in the arts, sciences, and intellectual pursuits between the 8th-14th centuries. Key factors that supported this period included the translation of classical Greek and other works which combined with original Muslim contributions; the establishment of libraries, hospitals and observatories; tolerance of other faiths; and state patronage of scholarship. Major advances were made in fields such as philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, architecture, art, and literature. The universal emphasis on knowledge in the Quran encouraged scientific inquiry.

1. Introduction to Arab and Islamic Civilization Abir Chaaban LIU The Golden Age of Islam Muslims in History

16. Calligraphy