In this section of Unification Thought a theory of art is considered. Culture defines the totality of human activities and Art is placed at the center of these cultural activities as the essence of such proceedings. However, the theory of art also reveals concerns over tendencies towards decadent expressions of what might otherwise be ideals; these serving humanity in a positive, ethical and affirmative way. World culture may therefore face a serious crises if this negative tendency persists. Accordingly, it is reasoned, a new culture and a true art movement might be both advantageous and relevant for our times. Through human history the arts have frequently played a leading role in bringing about change. The Renaissance period is a clear example of this, where the arts heralded a systemic change in this cultural epoch. Yet, art supplied a more questionable contribution to the Russian Revolution, thus in the revolutionary period the arts formed as a style known as Social Realism. This throws in to question, what the term art, might mean. For the most part, Social Realism became the instrument of a materialistic dialectic, serving the state rather than a principle of inspirational and autonomous creativity. 
The function and the purpose of the arts are therefore examined here in this light and a counterproposal to social realism is presented. Believing the future will more and more, move towards a profound and universal expression of the arts, it is more pressing than ever to present a new theory of art from the viewpoint of transcendent and immanent perspectives; something Unification Thought suggests, belongs to a philosophy of religion rather than a state orchestrated doctrine. For a full text go to: http://www.unification-thought.org/neut/Neut07.html

1. a theory of art
2014 derek dey

2. a theory of art: index
• Theory of Art (Unification Thought)
I. The Divine Principle Foundation for the New Theory of Art
II. Art and Beauty
III. The Dual Purpose of Artistic Activity: Creation and Appreciation
IV. Requisites for Artistic Appreciation
V. Technique, Materials, and Style in Artistic Creation
VI. Requisites for Artistic Appreciation
VII.Unity in Art
VIII.Art and Ethics
IX. Types of Beauty
X. A Critique and Counterproposal to Socialist Realism
full text here: http://www.unification-thought.org/neut/Neut07.html
above: dance / universe / yayoi kusama / robyn denny / dance studio / sound bar
cover: stephen knapp / universe / frank stella / roberto matta / sam francis / orange lily
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3. a theory of art
• purpose
• celebration
• creativity - two stage structure
• Logos as a plan
• method
paul klee 3

4. art and beauty
• art and joy / resemblance / complementarity
4

5. what is beauty ?
• emotional force
• determination of beauty
• elements of beauty
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6. dual purposes of artistic activity
• creation
< and >
• appreciation
frank stella / richard serra / sam francis / david hockney 6

7. requisites for artistic creation
• motif (purpose)
• theme
• conception
rodin-thinker
maitreya
bodhisatva
>
<
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for the subject

8. object consciousness
• joy to God
• joy for others
• express goodness
• promote hope in the future
• express beauty / mystery
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9. object consciousness (renaissance)
michelangelo
raphael
leonardo
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10. individuality
beethoven / mahler / schubert
beatles
whitney houston
richie havens
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11. requisite for the object
• art reflects the artists Sungsang
• components reflect harmony
• golden section / mean
• beauty / proportion
euclid: golden section
euclid / proportion / parthenon / vitruvius / pyramids / chartre
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12. technique, materials, style in artistic
creation (preamble)
heart: inner SS-HS
purpose /
logos
universal
two stage
structure
technique / material
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13. technique material style (example)
dynamic
material
work
isamu noguchi
motif
purpose purpose
heart
inner >>> outer
conception medium
work of art
subject matter
heart
motif
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heart
SS HS
union
SS HS
union
new being
phenomenology
creativity
SS - sungsang
HS - hyungsang

14. various styles
• idealism
raphael-idealism
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15. various styles
• classicism
jean-auguste ingres / goethe (faust) / jacques-louis david
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16. various styles
• romanticism
Margaret Drabble: in literature, romanticism takes place "roughly between 1770 and 1848”
lord byron / victor hugo (les miserables) / theodore gericault / emanuel leutze
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17. various styles
• realism
jean-francois millet / jean-baptiste-camille corot / gustave courbet / gustave flaubert / emile zola 17

18. various styles
• symbolism
arthur rimbaud / verlaine and the bloomsbury group
symbolist art: gustave klimt / edward burne-jones
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19. various styles
• impressionism
claude monet / edgar degas / pierre-auguste renoir / berthe morisot
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20. various styles
• cubism
jean metzinger / georges braque / albert gleizes / paul cezanne / pablo picasso 20

21. various styles
• unificationism
idealism<>realism
(heart / hope / individuality)
author’s work / new york city symphony orchestra / little angels / universal ballet / sun hwa arts school / kirov academy of ballet
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22. requisites for
artistic
appreciation
• appreciation for art
• clear mind
• broad interest
philosophy history
psychology etc
• empathy for internal-external
qualities
paintings: rogier van der weyden and phillip otto runge
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23. requisites for the object in
appreciation
• harmony of elements
• appreciators
resemblance to works
• appropriate
environment for works
johannes vermeer / henry moore 23

24. judgement of beauty
• value emerges from the
co-relative relationship
• beauty is determined by
the appreciator and the
requisites
• beauty + emotional
function of appreciator =
beauty (beauty does not
exist objectively)
• aesthetic judgement <>
cognitive judgement work
together
purpose
sense content
subject object
beauty(E)
cognition(I)
I E W
Prototype
I-intellect
E-emotion
W-will
aesthetic judgement and cognitive judgement
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25. unity in art
pairs of correlative aspects (elements) involved in artistic activities, including
creation and appreciation, content and form, universality and individuality, and
eternity and temporality are synthesized.
creation and appreciation
content and form
universality and individuality
eternity and temporality
motif theme
conception
<>
form materials
leonardo da vinci / paul cezzane / buddha / vitruvian man /
jean-francois millet
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26. unity in art: fallingwater - an architectural example
Frank Lloyd Wright used circle square triangle and harmony in his work / the client
contemplates this waterfall from a rock - the architect builds here with the rock
appearing through the floor at the hearth / the waterfall and rock layers are repeated in
the architectural form / the sound of the waterfall and the rock are retained for the client
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27. art and ethics
• ethics predicated on a true self
• the artist as a mature self - individuated
• Oscar Wilde / Lord Byron / Leo Tolstoy
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28. types of beauty
types of beauty from the
perspective of unification
thought - love and beauty
categories predicated to love
• husband
• wife
• children (brothers and sisters)
thomas gainsborough / nathaniel dance / johannes vermeer / john everett millais / lord leighton 28

29. categories
• Fatherly beauty : strict beauty, magnanimous beauty, broad beauty,
solemn beauty, profound beauty, awesome beauty, etc.
• Motherly beauty : graceful beauty, noble beauty, warm-hearted
beauty, delicate beauty, gentle beauty, passionate beauty, etc.
• Husband’s beauty : masculine beauty, active beauty, trustworthy
beauty, courageous beauty, resolute beauty, brave beauty, prudent
beauty, etc.
• Wife’s beauty : feminine beauty, passive beauty, supportive beauty,
obedient beauty, calm beauty, tender beauty, cheerful beauty, reserved
beauty, etc.
• Son’s beauty : filial beauty, obedient beauty, dependent beauty,
youthful beauty, comical beauty, cute beauty, all of which have boyish
characteristics, etc.
• Daughter’s beauty : filial beauty, obedient beauty, dependent
beauty, youthful beauty, comical beauty, cute beauty, all of which have
girlish characteristics, etc.
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30. traditional types of beauty
grace
“grazie”
sublime
“erabenheit”
Kant: beauty has components of free beauty (anhängende Schönhei) / other
categories are: dependent beauty / pure beauty (Reinschöne) / tragic beauty
(Tragische) / comical beauty (Komische)
NB beauty can be traced to Platonic ideas though this is not grace per se (Eros - The Symposium) / Sublime is first
mentioned by Longinus (Gk) then Edmund Burke 1757 / Kant discusses the sublime in the Critique of Judgement 1790 30

31. father - sublime
jmw turner / albert bierstadt / caspar david friedrich / gabriel dawe / mark rothko / edwin church
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32. mother - beauty
peder kroyer / henry holiday / teri gileki / zaha hadid (architect) / zou
chuan / helen frankenthaler / olga boznańska / botticelli
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33. children
children’s art - anonymous / warner bros / disney / pixar
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34. traditional types of beauty
Longinus 1st C - Edmund Burke 1756 - Imanuel Kant 1764-90
grace / free beauty / dependent beauty / pure beauty / tragic beauty /
such terms of ambiguity are replaced by more definite types of love
thomas cole / caspar david friedrich / edwin church / jmw turner / egyptian / polykleitos / sandro botticelli / leonardo da vinci
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35. critique / a counterproposal
to socialist realism
Gorky: art as a midwife to socialism / a gravedigger
to capitalism
Stalin: art as themes of reform / revolution
nikolay bogdanov-belsky (gorky) / aleksander gerasimov (stalin and vorshilov) / unknown (n-korea ) / fyodor shurpin (stalin)
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36. critiques of socialist realism
Lenin Stalin / art - literature must belong to the party
Mao Ze-Dong / Herbert Read / Ilya Ehrenburg
“What is described in a book depicting weaving women in a spinning mill is
not a human being but a machine, and not human feelings but merely the
process of production.” - Ehrenburg
Yohan Cho
socialist realism: such
writing could never
express a person’s
internal world.
liu chunhua / chinese poster / herbert read / ilya ehrenberg 36

37. indictment of communism by
notable writers
Andre Gide: “In the U.S.S.R.
everybody knows beforehand, once
and for all, that on any and every
subject there can be only one
opinion.... So that every time you
talk to one Russian you feel as if you
were talking to them all.”
Boris Pasternak: Dr Zhivago
revolution or a philosophy of love
Alexandr Solzhenitsyn: “It is
the artist who realizes that there is a
supreme force above him and
works gladly away as a small
apprentice under God's heaven.”
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38. errors in the communist
theory of art
social realism: a failure to create beauty / joy
denial of God /enforced arbitrary standards
love beauty and natural ethics Vs enforced conformity
art is not part of the superstructure / not a servant of an economic theory
Marx floundered: Greek culture should disappear - yet it remains relevant
Gorky’s “Mother” promoted violent revolution Vs Tolstoy’s internal revolution
social evils are not welcome by anyone / however internal reform is
UT: reformation comes from a correct understanding of God and self - it seeks
an original ideal and an original self fully individuated
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39. the end
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