1. II III

2. IV V
Contents
*Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 city concept 2
1.3 history of development in Egypt 3
1.3 Our vision 4
1.4 Logistics, what? Why? 6
1.5 Hong Kong, Jabal Ali and Jubail 10
*chapter 2: the city
site choose
2.1 The site 14
2.2 Theimportant considerations of site 14
2.3 National treasure 14
2.4Why Sinai? 15
2.5 site 1 17
2.6 site 2 24
2.6.1 site comparison 31
2.7 supposed site 36
city palning
2.8 land uses 38
2.9 land uses ratio 39
2.10 design phases 40
2.11 Roads network 43
2.12 visual image 44
2.13 swot analysis 45
2.14 The main concept 46
2.15 Vision: 48
2.16 Mission: 48
2.17 Objectives: 48
2.18 SUSTAINABILITY in the CBD 49
2.19 Kevin lynch visual elements 59
2.20 Future Extension Vision: 64
2.21 concept galley of the city 65
*Chapter 3: Design standards
Adminstrative Districts
3.1.1 INTRODUCTION: 70
3.1.2 USERS : 72
3.1.3 SITE SELECTION: 72
3.1.4 DESIGN GUIDELINES: 73
3.1.5 ZOONING DIGRAM: 80
3.1.6 PROJECT ANALYSIS: 81
Banks
THE HISTORY OF THE BANKS 99
THE TYPES OF BANKS : 100
Bank design standard: 103
Bank Guidelines: 105
Blanks BankS: 107
Important notes when designing: 107
PROJECT ANALYSIS: 108
Commercial
Introduction 113
Brief History of the commercial centers 113
Users 114
Design standard 115
Projects analysis 136
Zonning 153
Industerial
INTRODUCTION 154
USERS 155
SITE SELECTION 156
Structure planning and subdivision 157
Elements of industrial development 157
Layout of the Industrial Area 157
DESIGN GUIDELINES: 158
PROJECT ANALYSIS 164
Embassies
INTRODUCTION: 175
USERS : 176
SITE SELECTION: 176
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS: 177
DESIGN GUIDELINES: 177
PROJECT ANALYSIS: 186
Meuseums
Introduction 194
Users 195
Design standard 195
Projects analysis 210
Zoning 221
Health care centers
HELTH CARE CENTRES HISTORY 222
USERS : 223
most important factors 226
Demaraction 227
Types 227
Bed requirements 227
Designe rules 228
Similar projects 266
project sammery 284
Acadimic laps
History of Scientific Research 285
USERS 286
Research Laboratory 287
Similar projects 299
Universites
Introduction 309
Users 310
Design standard 311
Projects analysis 326
Sports centers
Brief History 339
Users 340
Design standers 340
Analysis similar projects 360
Aqua sports
Introduction 364
users 365
Design standards 365
Similar projects Analysis 379
Case Studies 388
Resorts and residential
history 391
Users 392
Design standards 393
Project analysis 405
Zonning 417
*Chapter 4: Similar projects
Jebal Ali
intro 420
Developments of Jebel Ali 422
Jebel Ali port 428
Jebel Ali Industrial Area
430
Jebel Ali Freezone Authority (JAFZA) 433
Dubai World Central (DWC) 437
Palm Jebel Ali 443
Dubai Waterfront 445
Jebel Ali Golf Resort & Spa 448
Busan logistic city
intro 449
urban character of Busan 450
Gimhae International Airport 454
Busan New Port 456
Busan-Jinhae Free Economic Zone 458
industrial and logistics complex 460
Building the East Busan Tourist Complex 462
Munhyeon Financial Complex 464
Jazan city
intro 465
Jazan city 465
New King Abdullah Airport 473
Jazan Port 476
INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS 477
The Education Area 477
The Health services Area 478
Residential Areas and Seafront District 478
Al-Sahan city
intro 480
Table of contents

3. VI VII
Dedication
we are glad to didicate this work to our stuff at the architecture and urban planing department, faculty
of enginnering, suez canal univeristy as a sign of Thanks for them headed by.
Professor Dr / Essam El-Din Badran
Assistant Professor of Urban Planning Department of Architecture and Environmental Planning, and
Vice-Dean for graduate studies, University of the Suez Canal.
Professor Dr / Muhammad Hassan Atwa
Assistant Professor of Urban Planning Department of Architecture and Environmental Planning.
Professor Dr / Mahmoud Fouad Mahmoud
Assistant Professor of Urban Planning Department of Architecture and Environmental Planning, and
head of Architecture and urban planing department, Faculty of engineering , University of the Suez Canal.
Also we must thank a three persons meant us a lot the Present absents Dr/Usama Nassar, Dr/Moham-
med Refaat and Dr/Ahmed Saleh. professor assistants at Department of Architecture and Urban Planning
,Faculty of Engineering, University of the Suez Canal, thank you for being not only our teachers but also our
guidence.
another special thanks to Arch/ Ahmed Helal & Arch/ Shimaa Ali. Teacher Assistant, Department of Ar-
chitecture and Urban Planning ,Faculty of Engineering, University of the Suez Canal on although they know
now words can give them thank they deserve.
And last but not least we would like to thank our dear parents ,who have borne the burden physical
and moral , and encourage them uninterrupted us, and without which this work was to be .
Land Use and Structure 481
Developments of Al Sahan City 481
Landmarks of Qatar 482
Al sahan city Concept 483
Road Network of the site 484
landuse 485
Hamad International Airport 486
Grand Hayatt Doha resort & spa 487
*References 488

4. VIII IX

5. 2 3
1.1 Introduction
For long time we had a dream a shared dream between all Egyptians that one day egypt will be back
to it’s good days when egypt was the greatest country in world, will as it’s said dreams where made to be
achived we decided that we will take the dream much further and start making studies for our vision of the
starting point to the new egypt that we dream it will be better than ever.
This book introduces our dream and our vision to AL-murra logistic hub that is a logistic hub in sinai
as developed as dubai and Hong Kong, that one day will make the development dream come true at least
partially in egypt.
Intro.
Development, power and international prestige. that was the day dream of all Egyptians only 32 year
ago at last days of President Anwar El Sadat. Now Egyptians have one dream just to survive. It was a real
hard 32 year science Mubarak ruled Egypt with simply no vision of development may be vision for destruc-
tion and Wallow strategies for development that made Egypt go back to the dark ages just like ages before
the revolution of 1952.
Then it was January the 25th
2011 something had to stop and another had to begin. That was the last
days of Mubarak his time is off a new hope should begin it was the resurrection of hope inside Egyptians.
Now there is a dream for development.
1.2 city concept
Al-Murra city eye on the future
from the famous pharons eye sympole. the
Eye is an anthropological symbol of restoration
and popular wellness for pharons.
from this concept we decided to use that
sympole wishing to restore the good days of the
egypt.
the city was born from the soul of egyptian
revolution so using the egyption flag colors with
the grafiti art is the best way to express our
dream.
intro
intro
brief history of development in egypt
fig.i.2.egyptian revolution 2011fig.i.1.president gamal abd el nasser after 1952 revolution
fig.i.1.cocept for the logo
1.3 Brief history of development in Egypt
1.3.1The golden era
That was the era after the revolution of 1952
when president Gamal Abd el-Naser well the
democracy was bad no freedom but on the other
hand Egypt was great. Egypt was strong enough to
beat France, England and Israel in 1956, the high
dam was built, Suez canal was nationalized, a lot of
factories was built , good agricultural abilities and
the most important that as a place to live in Egypt
was great.
1.3.2 The setback
That was the end of the golden era Israel won
the war Egyptian army was beaten had to retreat
and let Israel control whole Sinai that time all of the
Egyptian budget turned to the war machine and
there was no budget for anything even for feeding
people .
1.3.3 The vision of El-Sadat
Abd El-Naser died and now a new farsighted
president took control it’s Anwar El-Sadat, in few
years Israel is out and now it’s time again for devel-
opment to take place in Egypt El-Sadat made a lot
of development projects in Egypt even a full cites
was created industrial and agriculture development
till he was Assassinated.
1.3.4 The wallow time
Mubarak came with promises to rule for only
10 years and a lot of development within those 10
years. But the fact is that he ruled 30 years not only
he did not make that development he promised but
also he ruined the projects of El-Sadat.
One of those projects was Al-Salhya project was
one of the best agriculture projects in Egypt. And
off course there were tons of unfinished projects
such as Shaequ Al Tafreaa, Sharqu AL awynat, Wady
AL Technology and off course Terat Al Salam. And
the finished ones were sold and Egyptians didn’t
benefit anything from it such as Toshka Project.
And that wallow strategies coasted Egypt about
79 billion Egyptian bound which made Egypt and
Egyptians in a deep trouble and a continuous threat
of Bankruptcy.
intro
fig.i.5.salheya project before and after mubarak
fig.i.6.toshka project
fig.i.4.The High dam

6. 4 5
1.3.5 The hope
After the 25th
January revolution a new hope was found by having a real democratic system real parties
real elections even the first democratic experiment was not that successful at the parliament but having
such a democratic system gives people a hope to live better life in a developed country.
1.3 Our vision
Our vision is a logistic hub as powerful as Rotterdam, Hamburg, Jabal Ali and even Hong Kong lays over
Suez Canal in Sinai. That logistic hub is based on both industrial and agricultural hubs in Sinai, also provid-
ing ship maintenance and other logistic services.
intro
fig.i.7.development by president
fig.i.8.elections after revolution fig.i.9.the day mubark stepped down
intro

7. 6 7
1.4.1 Definition
A Logistics Centre is the hub of a specific area
where all the activities relating to transport,logistics
and goods distribution – both for national and in-
ternational transit – are carried out, on a commer-
cial basis, by various operators.
The operators may be either owners or tenants
of the buildings or facilities (warehouses, distribu-
tion centres, storage areas, offices, truck services,
etc.) built there. In order to comply with free mar-
ket rules, a Logistics Centre must be accessible to all
companies involved in the activities set out above.
A Logistics Centre must also be equipped with
all the public facilities necessary to carrying out the
above-mentioned operations. If possible, it should
also include public services for the staff as well as
users’ equipment. In order to encourage intermo-
dal transport for goods handling, a Logistics Centre
should preferably be served by a variety of trans-
1.4 Logistics, what? Why?
Logistics can be classified as an enterprise plan-
ning framework for material management, informa-
tion, service and capital flows. Logistics when seen
in the context of the modern day prevalent work
environment also includes information that is com-
plex in nature besides giving importance to all the
communication and control system that are essen-
tial for efficient working of the organization.
Now a time logistics can be defined as having
the right type of product or service at the right
place, at the right time, for a right price and in the
right condition.
The birth of Logistics can be traced back to an-
cient war times of Greek and Roman empires when
military officers titled as ‘Logistikas’ were assigned
the duties of providing services related to supply
and distribution of resources. This was done to en-
able the soldiers to move from their base position
to a new forward position efficiently.
logistics
The real start of logistics in the modern history was at the ww2 when the united states of America’s
fleet was defeated after pearl harbor the us army started to construct a new fleet based on a massive ships
working as a floating logistic centers to provide the whole fleet with supplies far away from home at the
pacific ocean.
logistics
logistics intro
hong kong, jubail and jabal ali
fig.i.11.logistic war ships
fig.i.10.the logistikas helmet
port methods (roads, rail, sea, inland waterways,
air). It is vital that a Logistics Centre be managed
as a single and neutral legal body (preferably by a
Public-Private-Partnership) if synergy and commer-
cial cooperation are to be ensured.
1.4.2 The most important elements
The Logistics Centre concept is based on three
important elements:
1. Territorial planning alongside infrastructure
rationalization.
Going back to the Logistics Centre definition at
the top of the page is useful to a better understand-
ing of this point. The Logistics Centre is a specific
area where all the activities relating to transport,
logistics and goods distribution, […], are carried out
by various operators.
2. Transport quality.
• decrease in the total transport costs
• decrease in the total industrial costs
• decrease in personnel costs
• An increase in the transport operators total
turnover.
3. Intermodality development
• Offering very convenient transport and syner-
gic solutions (rail/road/short-sea-shipping),
• Using block shuttle trains on long-range jour-
neys.
4. Location
• Location is a key factor for all the transport
operators whose main activity is moving freight
• from one place to one another using different
modes of transport.
• Optimization – or rather reduction – of the
delivery time to the final destination or to the
• following passage of the logistics/transport
chain is one of the elements that could make that
important difference when a transport operator is
being chosen.
logistics
fig.i.12.logistic transportation

8. 8 9
5. Activities
It should be remembered that the activities re-
ferred to in this point are exclusively specific to the
company managing the Logistics Centre.
1.4.3 Defining infrastructure necessities
• Road connections
• Rail connections
• Connections with ports
1.4.4 Defining the Logistics Centre layout
• Customs infrastructures
• Postal/bank/insurance services
• Offices
• Intermodal terminals
• Warehouses
• Other general services
1.4.5 Creating the general infrastructures, the
warehouses and the integrated services
The Logistics Centre management company is
responsible for the construction of all the infra-
structures, once layout planning and the business
plan have been completed.
1.4.6 Land leasing to transport operators / Ware-
house and office leasing / Sale of warehouses and
offices
The Logistics Centre management company is
responsible for all the procedures regarding the
leasing or selling activities. It sees to both the com-
mercial/marketing and legal procedures.
logistics
fig.i.13.logistic cites places
fig.i.14.logistic warehouse
logistics
fig.i.15.logistics flow chart
fig.i.16.logistics jops salaries

9. 10 11
1.5 Hong Kong, Jabal Ali and Jubail
These three cites has something in common the
three cites are very developed, astonishing infra-
structure, nice architecture, an environment to live
in and of course tons of jobs and chances.
Also an important thing is that nearly the three
are not on that developed country except of Dubai
(Jabal Ali).
1.5.1 China
China was recorded that nearly 50% of popula-
tion are beneath the Poverty line, living side to side
with rice paddies with no services, bad infrastruc-
ture even with bad educational facilities if existed.
On the other hand Hong Kong and Shanghai
have great infrastructure, good looking skyline, tons
of jobs and very developed services that nearly no
one is under the poverty line.
1.5.2 Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia has bad infrastructure in most of
its cities such as Eastern, Al Qassim and Najran that
most of population don’t send their daughters to
school and women nearly have no rights and edu-
cational facilities is bad.
In Jubail, Riyadh, Makkah and Al Madinah there
is great services and infrastructure, good facilities
and good environment.
1.5.3 Dubai (Jabal Ali)
United Arab Emirates is a developed country
but some counties are not developed as Dubai and
Abu Dhabi even most of people don’t know what is
the 7 counties they just know Dubai and Abu Dhabi
they are the known places as they are the logistic
centers of Emirates .
HongKong,JabalAliand
Jubail
logistics10
fig.i.17.schools comparison Ajman& Dubai
fig.i.20.Ajman& Dubai
logistics
fig.i.19.poor cites in chinafig.i.18.Hong Kong
fig.i.21.Al-Ahsaa fig.i.22.Reyad

10. 1212 13

11. 1414 15
2.1 The site
A city with such potential should have a special site where it can deliver a service for thousands of ships
every year also as it’s connected to an industrial and agricultural hubs then the transportation and acces-
sibility are very important.
When it comes to logistics a lot of considerations are related to the site as accessibility and Varity of
transportation also the acceptance of people living in the site and realizing the importance of the city.
site studies
2.2 The most important considerations relating to
site
• Accessibility: have a lot of access roads and
nearby terminals and cites
• Strategic placing: the site should be unique
and provide a service can’t be reached easily
nearby
• Varity: the site should provide various amount
of abilities such as providing good sports facilities
and tourism beside providing good abilities for
logistics.
2.3Why Suez Canal territory?
Suez Canal territory is the third territory in
Egypt and considered as the resources territory as
all kinds of resources are available such as mining,
large waterfront, industrial zones, agriculture zones,
large amount of unused land and of Corse the most
important factor is strategic and historic place that
makes it the most important trade passage in the
world.
The relation between the territory and the
international trade movement makes it very impor-
tant place when comes to logistics which can make
Egypt in a very fast way one of the most developed
countries in the world as happened in japan, Sin-
gapore and Hong Kong as the territory has enough
resources and good location for export/import abili-
ties that makes it one of the best manufacturing
location by importing resources and manufacturing
it and exporting it.
2.3 National treasure
The Suez Canal is considered as a national trea-
sure for Egypt as it controls now 7% of the world
trade which is a large number for a canal surround-
ed by deserts with no services.
One of the most important factors in Suez Canal
is that the amount of trade and ships passing by it
is expanding every year, in 2010 the total number
of ships passed by Canal was 13987 ship and 4700
container mostly filled by oil and raw materials.
the site
important elemnts
why sinai
supposed sites
site studies intro
fig.s.1.sinai peninsula
fig.s.2.suez canal
2.4Why Sinai?
Sinai Peninsula has an area of 61,000 km2
apx. ,in another words 6% of Egypt total Area. It’s
population exceeded 600,000 in 2010.The site of
Sinai among the world is more like a linking ring
between Asia and Africa extends as a triangle of
Farah at base, Port said in North and Ras Muham-
mad as head, this unique location made it the main
entrance of Egypt in East. It extends between the
two gulfs of the red sea ,Suez gulf and Aqaba gulf.
But Sinai has limited renewable water resources,
what makes it slow for development rates.Flood
water is considered an important source although it
happens irregular.
In Sinai Peninsula there is a road network con-
nects between its cities to make it easy to transfer
among them and other cities all over Egypt.
site studies intro
fig.s.4
fig.s.3.government plans for suez canal territory

12. 1616 17
Also, there is a network of international roads
which cross the Suez canal via Ahmed Hamdy
tunnel near by Suez city or Elsalam Bridge near by
Qantara. These roads end at commercial ports and
touristic cities. Among the most important ports in
Sinai, Nwebaa port in south and Arish port in North.
These ports participate in transferring between
Asia and Africa .the most important touristic cities
are Sedr, Eltor, Sant catrin, Charmelsheikh, Dahab,
Nwebaa, Taba, ElArish, and finally Rafah which is
considered Egypt gate to the East.
site studies intro
fig.s.5.sinai airports
fig.s.6.main roads in sinai
fig.s.8.site 1
supposed sites
2.5 site 1
2.5.1 Overview
The site was selected in Suez is an attempt to
cover all the cities of the province, where the site is
located at the beginning of the course of the navi-
gation channel extended to the Gulf of Suez, where
the site is located on the eastern side of the chan-
nel corresponding to the western city of Suez Canal
.
The location has been selected to be the nu-
cleus of large logistic abilites in suez canal territory
depending on the touristic infrastructure already
available , that will attract more tourists and gives
the development a strong touristic accent.
also the site has a large industerial abilites in
suez and the port of suez that will be a big support
for the logistic services.
but the main trouble is that site is away from
the agriculture powers of the territory which is con-
sidered a large ability of the territory.
overview
site parameters
site 1 land use
accesibility
advantages and disadvan-
tages
site 1
fig.s.7.bird eye for site
fig.s.9.near by communites

13. 1818 19
2.5.2 Site parameters & borders
Area = 8.5 km2(2100 Acres)
perimeter = 10.9 Km
Elevation difference = 10 m
Slope = N/A
site 1
fig.s.12.site ground sec.
fig.s.10.site parms.
fig.s.11.site diffrent views
2.5.3 Land use & Visual character
the location has a strong character for it’s fasci-
nating nature and touristic urbanism. Advantage of
the site that is located on the Suez Canal and Gulf
of Suez and also it gives a greater opportunity to
exploit the coast without exposure to the waterway
canal .
The advantage of location and the nature of the
land of desert, but overlooking the coast, which is
given directly by air and mild nature of the witch,
both configurations of the scenic mountain or the
charming nature of the waters of the Gulf .
site 1
fig.s.14.site nearby views
fig.s.13.site landuse

14. 2020 21
2.5.4 Accessibility
The site is located east of the canal for the
city of Suez, where the access roads to the site is
through the Ras Sidr - Shahid Ahmed Hamdy Tun-
nel, Ras Sidr - Bitter Lakes and the site is accessed
through this road after crossing the Channel by
ferry (Ferry Namira 6 - Ferry Sarabium).
or hanging bridges (ElSalam bridge- bridge
Fardan) or expenditure (Shaheed Ahmed Hamdi
Tunnel) , Or direct access through the airport of Ras
Sidr, which away from the site distance of 38 km.
site 1
fig.s.17.site acces roads
fig.s.16.site nearby airportsfig.s.15.site roads
2.5.4 Accessibility
Ports
ElSuez port: 1.30 km from the site
AlAdiabya port: 10.50 km from the site
ElSokhna port: 37.00 km from the site
ElTor port: 212.00 km from the site
site 1
fig.s.18.nearby ports
fig.s.19.nearby ports

15. 2222 23
2.5.5 Advantages and disadvantages
The disAdvantages
1-The climate of the location is not relevant to
some sports and the facilities need some technics
to over come
2-the development in the north western coast
may be obestacled by the presence of Suez port
3-The site soil and Geology may not be perfect,
some parts need filling and motivation to be ready
for super structures in the city.
4-far from the territorie’s agricultural centers.
The Advantages
1-The site is located parallel to the line for the
city of Suez, one of the charming cities within the
territory ,so it’s merited with existing infrastruture
2-The location is advantageous as the nucleus of
a new urban development of the city of Suez on the
east .
3-the location is close to Ahmad Hamdy tun-
nel which is considered an international passage to
Sinai (only 11 km)
3-The location has advantageous nature of the
charming surroundings of the North mountain
scenery and proximity to tourist areas, such as our
eyes of Moses and in the south coastal distinctive
nature .
4-The site has two water facades, Allowing more
potentials for tourism and water sports.
site 1
fig.s.20.site 1
2.5.6 Surrounding Communities
Suez
a seaport town (population ca. 497,000) in
north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of
the Gulf of Suez, near the southern terminus of the
Suez Canal, having the same boundaries as Suez
governorate. It has two harbors, Port Ibrahim and
Port Tawfiq, and extensive port facilities.
Together they form a metropolitan area. Railway
lines and highways connect the city with Cairo, Port
Said and Ismailia. Suez has a petrochemi petro-
chemical plant, and its oil refineries have pipelines
carrying the finished product to Cairo. Suez is a way
station for Muslim pilgrims travelling to and from
Mecca.
near by resources
suez city and near by cities is known for it’s
industerial and mining abilites, also the suez gulf
filled with oil and natural gas stations that will sup-
port the city and save money for spechial infra-
structure.
site 1
fig.s.25.natural gas station in the gulf
fig.s.23.suez factories
fig.s.21.steel manifuctring in suez
fig.s.24.suez city shore
fig.s.22.suez city

16. 2424 25
2.6 site 2
2.6.1 Overview
The site is located on the eastern coast of the
Suez Canal overlooking the great Bitter Lakes within
the territory of the Suez Canal, where the aver-
age location of the channel on the province, 40 km
from the center of Ismailia, 36 km from the center
of Suez and 128 from the center of Cairo Governor-
ate .
The location has real touristic potentials and
good international accessibility via Elshaheed tun-
nel or Elsalam bridge.it represents a chance to start
an urban development nucleus in Sinai.
The site is located in median place between
suez canal territoy diffrent resources as it’s near to
suez city and it’s industerial abilites alo near to the
territory agriculture abilites and the mining abilites
of mid sinai.
the main trouble in the site is the soil as it’s not
prepared to mega structures but it’s considered a
good point for burrowing the marinas for the ports
and tourism abilites.
supposed sites
overview
site parameters
site 2 land use
accesibility
advantages and disadvan-
tages
site 2
fig.s.27.bird eye for the site7=
fig.s.28.nearby cites
fig.s.26.bitter lakes
2.6.2 Site parameters & borders
Area = 19 km2 (4694 Acres)
premeter = 19.8 km
Elevation difference = 10 m
Slope = N/A
site 2
fig.s.30.site ground sec
fig.s.29.site parms.

17. 2626 27
2.6.3 Land use & Visual character
The location has a strong character for it’s fasci-
nating nature and touristic urbanism. Overlooks the
site giving wider in the water far from the coast line
of the navigation of vessels.
the big advantage is that the site is near to the
technologt vally project and the village of meet abo
el koom that can support site’s infrastructure.
The advantage of location may be clear ,over-
looking the coast, which is given directly by air and
mild nature of the witch, both configurations of
the scenic mountain or the charming nature of the
waters of the Gulf.
site 2
fig.s.32.nearby vies
fig.s.31.surrounding landuse
2.6.4 Accessibility
The site is located east of the canal and is sur-
rounded by one road Ras Sudr - Kantara East. that
accessing the site through the various crossings of
the channel and long the channel and bar, includ-
ing ferries, such as infectious and contagious
Sarabium yarns 6 and bridges such as bridge
and bridge Mubarak Al Fardan and spending such
as Shaheed Ahmed Hamdi Tunnel . Site directly
related to Ras Sidr Airport, located in the eastern
Gabn of the channel and Fayed Airport and Kibrit
airport west of the canal .
site 2
fig.s.35.acces roads
fig.s.34.nearby airportsfig.s.33.site accesing road

18. 2828 29
2.6.4 Accessibility
nearby ports
damyetta port (130 km)
portsaid port (94 km)
suez port (52 km)
Al adiabya port (60 km)
site 2
fig.s.37.nearby ports
fig.s.36.nearby ports
2.6.5 Advantages and disadvantages
disadvantages
1-Lack of infrastructure, isolation from urban
areas.
2-located in the east may make it difficult to
each the site
3-Some parts are below water level, soil is not
ready for mega structure projects
advantages
1-The site is located mid-region to the territory,
where the multiplicity of ways in passages leading
to it .
2-The site is located directly on the bitter lakes,
which offers the possibility to use water elements
to the project without resorting to artificial lakes
3-The possibility of future extension along the
strip parallel to the coast .
4-The location is advantageous nature of the
witch of the surrounding mountainous areas and
coastal waters surrounding.
5-the site is in median place berween all resorc-
es of the territory.
6-the site has both costal and desert front to
extend and also has a green buffer around it to
prevent slums.
site 2
fig.s.39.nearby citesfig.s.38.site advantages

19. 3030 31
2.6.6 Surrounding communities
Fayed:
A coastal city tracks Ismailia ,Arab Republic of
Egypt , one of the most important touristic cities
in Egypt, as it is the nearest resort from Cairo , lies
about 120 km far only, making it the most popular
one day resorts in Egypt . The area of the city Fayed
5322 square kilometers and includes a center and
three villages, with a population of 81 thousand
souls, and includes the local unit of the Centre and
the city of Fayed, established in 1965, City Fayed
mother and villages Sarabium and Abu Sultan and
Varpo Kseverit and Alhawess.
Fanara:
fnara is the second of fayed villages in popu-
lation, and contains some important touristic
projects,including 18 beaches,2 hotels and 3
tourstic resorts.
fig.s.41.surrounding communites
fig.s.40.fanara city
overview image
Location 1
-Located in East North of Suez gulf, facing the
gulf and Suez canal entrance .close to Suez city but
not under it’s urban extent.
-the nearest city is Suez in west, Ras sedr in
south east.
-A desert land ,with triangular shape degrading
little up the sea level. the land is not at one level
but needs slight processes of fill and dig.
-Has a direct access to water from two facades
Location 2
-Located in the east side of Suez canal, Sinai.
Facing the greate bitter lakes.
-The nearest city is Suez ,the nearest high way
is Ras sedr Elqantara.
-A desert land with muddy soil. partially iso-
lated from developed areas.
-Has direct access to water.
-has median place in the suez canal territory.
sites comparison
overview
site parameters
land use
accesibility
unique advantages
sites comparison

20. 3232 33
Site parameters & borders image
Location 1
Area = 8.5 km2(2100 Acres)
perimeter = 10.9 Km
Elevation difference = 10 m
Slope = N/A
Location 2
Area = 19 km2 (4694 Acres)
premeter = 19.8 km
Elevation difference = 10 m
Slope = N/A
sites comparison
accesibility image
Location 1
ferdan brige 86 km
nimra 6 ferry 76.5 km
sarabeum ferry 63.7 km
shahid ahmed hamdy tunnel 11.7 km
Location 2
ferdan brige 47 km
nimra 6 ferry 22 km
sarabeum ferry 11 km
shahid ahmed hamdy tunnel 58 km
land use image
Location 1
-the site has strong visual identity and rich visi-
tor experience.
-From east sand deserts, from west suez canal
and suez city on the other side, from north and
south there are desert extensions for the site
Location 2
-The surrounding areas are farms and the lakes
shore. No residential areas located near by the
site.
-also Farms can be seen on the opposite side of
the canal, near Fnara.
sites comparison

21. 3434 35
Unique Advatages image
Location 1
-the nearest to Suez, a city with promising po-
tentials and existing sports facilities
-Closer to many touristic and historic sites like
Uyon moses. and Siant Catren
-Faces water via two sides,can extends along
both the Suez gulf or Suez canal
Location 2
-Charming direct facing on the greate bitter
lakes
-Open area along the coast line
-A promising location as a development nucle-
us in Sinai
-The routes to the site are more like a great trip
a long Sinai(Touristic merit)
sites comparison
comparisson site 1 site 2
Area 8 9.5
Accessibility 8.5 9
Visual character 8 7.5
Infrastructure 8.5 7.5
Land use 6 8
Extension potentials 9 7
Topography 6 7
Climate 7 8
Communities potentials 9 7.5
Soil qualifications 7.5 7.5
Natural shape & borders 8 8
Urban development 8 8.5
Building restrictions 7.5 7
International profile 7.5 7
Nearby resources 6 8
total score 7.6 7.8
full comparison
result (supposed site)sites results
sites comparison results
fig.s.43.site 2fig.s.42.site 1

22. 3636 37
2.7 supposed site
the site is located at the eastern side of suez
canal at beautiful place at the greate bitter lackes.
the site is in median place between aboth suez and
ismailia city that makes it near to all resources in
the suez canal territory as it’s near to minig places
in sinai, oil and natural gas at suez and suez gulf,
and near to the agriculture lands in ismailia and
sharquea.
sites comparison results
fig.s.44.farms fig.s.45.sinai mines
fig.s.46.site advantages
fig.s.48.sinai minesfig.s.47.suez factoriesfig.s.46.natural gas at gulf

23. 3838 39
Alterntive 1
land use
land use ratio
design phses
road network
visual image
swot analysis
2.8 land uses 2.9 land uses ratio

24. 4040 41
2.10 design phases
phase 1 phase 2

25. 4242 43
phase 3
2.11 Roads network

26. 4444 45
2.12 visual image 2.13 swot analysis

27. 46 47
suggested development centers in sinai suggested point to start
Alterntive 1
land use
land use ratio
design phses
road network
visual image
swot analysis
2.14 The main concept of the Master planning
The main concept of this master plan was originally based on the 3 suggested points of development
through Egypt which are:
• South Egypt
• Suez canal region and north-Sinai zone
• El-kharga oases
and the suez cana region and north-sinai zone have many qualifications and potentials of development
which are like mining, tourism, agriculture , strategic location of transportation means , etc etc etc
And the main concept came from 2 certain suggested points of development due to Egypt master plan
of 2050 and its development points and the 2 points are (Great bitter lakes and north Sinai zone) and
each point of them have a radius of effect and each radius of those 2 points are having intersections with
development abilites in suez canal territorydevelopment visions in egypt
each other and from this intersection our CBD was created and surrounded by other functions and from
here came out the main concept .

28. 48 49
Vision:
Our vision is to create a Sustainable powerful logistic hub as Rotterdam, JabalAli and even Hong Kong
lays over Suez Canal in Sinai, to make the maximum benefits of the Suez Canal, to be a center of economic
development in Egypt.
Mission:
The strategy will be mainly based on the logistic services for the ships and also on ship maintenance.
The economy will be increased by three means:
1st
the industrial zone,
2nd
the agricultural zone,
3rd
the CBD and it will based mainly on tourism.
Objectives:
*creating a large transportation center which will contain different means of transports like land trans-
port for logistic issues, and sea transport “terminal port”.
*creating a large maintenance zone for ships.
*There will be large industrial and agriculture extensions, based on the natural resources of Sinai.
*The CBD will be a main tourist attraction in Egypt.
city vision
SUSTAINABILITY in the CBD
The word “SUSTAINABILITY” has become popu-
lar catch phrase in nineties. The emergence of the
environmental movement has brought this concept
to the forefront of environmental policy in this
decade.
According to this standpoint the concept of
sustainability has been introduced to the project in
several methods:
• At the urban scale:
1- PV cells are installed at the lightning units and
shades inthe streets .
2-Windmills are used to generate energy.
3- Turbines and reservoirs will be used to gener-
ate energy from the lake ,and it will be used at the
link between the suez canal and El murra lakes.
4-Geothermal energy will be also used to gener-
ate energy and in heating issues at the residential
areas.
5-The city design will provide natural shadings
for all the streets.
• At the buildings scale:
1- The buildings are designed and located to
provide natural cooling systems .
2- The buildings are designed and located ac-
cording to the sun to provide natural shadings for
the interiors.
3- PV cells are installed at the roof of the build-
ings to provide energy for the buildings.
4- Geothermal energy is used in heating the
buildings at the winter.
• The transportation:
The city will contain pioneering public transpor-
tation systems.
The fossil fuels based vehicles will be reduced in
the city.
Compact networks of streets will encourage
walking.
sustinability ar urban scale
wind power plant

29. 50 51
geothermal heating for houses
Automated control system for vehicular guid-
ance.
• The recycling system:*
The city will strive towards a zero waste objec-
tive by using pioneer recycling strategies.
• The research and development centers:
There are several institutes concerned with sus-
tainability and renewable energy issues.
• The city will tend to be zero carbon and zero
waste city ,and will be fully powered by renewable
energy.
Master Plan Development
1-First stage :
It was just a simple application of the
main concept idea which the 2 suggested points
of development which located in Sinai and Bitter
great lakes constituse the form of the city main
spine which serving the whole city but it had some
troubles like distribution of main elements of the
city so we had to develop our look to the master
plan
2-Second stage
It’s a developed master plan the the first one
and fixed lots of problems but made other prob-
lems like the city is near a high way and levels of
the streets are not correct although it made the
spine of the city more clear to visitor and distrib-
uted the elements of the city in an organized shape
3- third stage
A whole revolutionary master plan which devel-
oped our concept of the city and fixed lots of prob-
lem but its problem was its too complicated to be
understood easily and lots of exits and entrances
4- final stage
It’s a development of the third stage to make
the master plan suit our needs wiz out harming the
distribution of the elements of the city and make
it clear to visitor and fixed the complication which
was obvious to us
• Zoning study
Our city consists of several main zones each
zone consists of several elements and now we will
clarify each zone and its elements:
1-Educational Zone and consists of (university-
libraries complex )
2-Sports Zone and consists of (stadiums-sports
clubs – training stadiums)
3-Cultural Zone and consists of (Expo city – Op-
era – media city )
4- Residential Zone and consists of (residential
districts for all levels of living standards)
5-Green area Zone and consists of (hi tech park
– open landscape area)
6- Logestic city Adminstration and consists of (
information center – city management)
7- marine port zone and consists of (yacht port
– public port – ships maintainance and services)
8- administration-commercial zone and consists
of ( malls- admin buildings- banks complex-multi
purpose towers )

30. 52 53

31. 54 55
9- tourist-residential zone and consists of (tourist villages- chalets-hotels )
10- Recreational zone and consists of ( Aqua city- Amusement park )
11-Research centres zone and consists of ( Space research centre- geological research centre-water
research centre )
12- Health care Zone and consists of ( General hospital - Neuropsychiatric Disorders hospital)
• Main Entrances and Exits :
In our master plan there are 2 main entrance and 2 main exits which are founded in the beginning and
the end of the city distributed equally and there are some secondary entrances and exits which used for
both functions
• Zones Ratio to the whole city :
The area of the city is 23299448.39 m2 is almost 5547.5 acres divided to 12 zones
Residential zone 17.47% equal to 969.15 acres
Admin-commercial Zone is 12.16 % equal to 674.576 acres
Tourist-residential Zone is 6.85% equal to 381.85 acres
Health care zone is 3.93% equal to 219.1 acres
Sports zone is 4.87% equal to 271.48 acres
Educational zone 5.77% equal to 321.65 acres
Research centers zone is 4.79 % equal to 267.15 acres
Recreational zone is 6.17 % equal to 343.95 acres
Cultural zone is 10.33% equal to 575.85 acres
Logestic city management zone is 1.58% equal to 88.08 acres
Green area zone is 4.1% equal to 228.56 acres
Marine ports zone is 8.81 % equal to 471.11 acres

32. 56 57

33. 58 59
Kevin lynch visual elements
Kevin lynch elements are one of the most important thing that define the character of any city in the
world and it consists of (Nodes-Paths-Districts-Edges-landmarks) and here is every point in detail
• Landmark study:
The project contains a main land mark which located in the main zone of the CBD ,and there’s also two
land marks at the entrances and exits of the CBD ,which are expo-city and high -tech park

34. 60 61
• Paths study:
This projects contains 4 levels of roads seprated
to
1st
level 100 m width road
2nd
level 50 m width road
3rd
level 40 m width road
4th
level 30 m width road
And those roads are meant to be in this
shape to apply rules of road levels and contain
heavy traffic at rush hours easily and direct the
flow of the traffic smoothly
• Nodes study:
There are many nodes in this project which we can see at intersections of the streets and every nodes
of them not like the other one and they differs from each other in the size and importance

35. 62 63
• District Study:
This projects is based on 3 main districts distributed on linear shapes due to importance of the func-
tions that each district contains
• Edges Study:
This projects is surrounded by 2 main edges natural edges which is the coast line of Bitter great lakes
and artificial one which is High way which connects Elqantra shark and Ras sedr

36. 64 65
Future Extension Vision:
Our vision to the future extension of this project is based on 2 main axes which are Coast axis and mid
Sinai axis
Coast axis is for main functions and vital ones that cant be put away from the CBD of the city but mid-
sinai axis is for industrial future extension and agricultural future extension
concept galley of the city

37. 66 67

38. 68 69

39. 70 71
Adminstration
INTRODUCTION .
Users.
SITE SELECTION.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS.
DESIGN GUIDELINES .
PROJECT ANALYSIS.
3.1.1 INTRODUCTION:
In 1878 the Kentucky legislature severed the official connection between the Agricultural and Me-
chanical College of Kentucky (later the University of Kentucky) and Kentucky University, a private sectarian
school of which the A&M College had been a department. The resultant loss of the College’s first home
on the Ashland-Woodlands campus necessitated the acquisition of a new tract of land on which to site
the A&M buildings. The fifty-two-acre city park and old fairgrounds on Limestone Street, just south of the
downtown portion of the city, were donated by the municipality of Lexington for this purpose. On this loca-
tion were erected between 1880 and 1882 the independent College’s first structures -- a men’s dormitory
(later named White Hall), the President’s house, the campus heating plant, and the Administration Build-
ing.
Designed by Architect H.P. McDonald, the build-
ing was built of brick fashioned from campus clays
and stone, at a cost of $81,000. It opened in 1882.
A year previous, when funding for construction
failed, President James Kennedy Patterson pledged
his entire personal fortune as collateral against the
money borrowed to complete the project. Solemn
dedicatory ceremonies on February 15, 1882, which
included White Hall and the President’s house,
were attended by, among other notables, the
Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Speaker of the
House of Representatives of the Commonwealth,
and featured the Honorable Henry Watterson as
Orator of the Day.
In the early days of State College, the Main,
or College Building, as it was then called, encom-
passed the administrative operation and academic
instruction of the institution in its entirety. Original-
ly housed in the building were all campus offices,
classrooms, and related facilities including: the Col-
lege armory and the classrooms used by the Com-
mandant of Cadets; a shop; the President’s Office
(equipped with fireplaces and a classroom); a natu-
ral history museum; two laboratories; the Normal,
French, German, English, Mathematics, Classical,
and Preparatory departments; an assembly room
containing an organ; a smaller chapel (which was
able to seat the entire student body, faculty, and
staff); the headquarters of the Union Literary and
Philosophian societies; and the Kentucky Geological
Survey.
Gracing the roof of the building was a tower
crowned by a cupola, 157 feet in height. The cupola
featured a clock (supposedly built by a professor)
and a “captain’s walk”, and housed the local
Weather Observatory. This structure was progres-
sively dismantled and shortened or altered and
after 1919 the roof of the edifice manifested the
“flattened”, gabled appearance which characterized
it until the recent fire.
During the administration of President Henry
Stites Barker (1911-17) a project to reconstruct
the frontal faade of the three-story, Victorian-style
building with the addition of stone pillars, was initi-
ated and later abandoned. A post office and book-
store were created in the basement in 1918 (both
removed in 1925). A cafeteria was opened in 1919,
which served the campus for ten years.
In the spring of 1948, with the removal of the
Ancient Languages and Political Science depart-
ments to new quarters, the Administration Building
for the first time housed only University administra-
tive departments. These included the offices of the
President, Vice President, Dean, Comptroller, Reg-
Fig.A.H.1 :Administration Building circa 1905
istrar, Dean of Men, Dean of Women, the Informa-
tion and Personnel offices, and the Public Relations
Department. Interior renovations of the structure,
varying in extent and scope, were carried out in
1929, 1939-40, and 1964.
Fig.A.H.3 :Administration Building 1967
A fire on May 15, 2001, presumably ignited by
a welding torch as repairs and renovations of the
building’s guttering were in progress, destroyed its
roof, gutted its second and third floors, and left the
first floor and basement flooded and water-dam-
aged. The University’s Board of Trustees on June
20 of that year approved a proposal to restore and
reconstruct the building, and interior and exterior
design planning began immediately
Fig.A.H.2 :Administration Building circa 1920
Adminstration Adminstration

40. 72 73
3.1.2 USERS :
3.1.3 SITE SELECTION:
The location of the urban administration cen-
ter has the major impacts on the urban economic
development, the layout structure, the road system
plan and the organization of architectural esthet-
ics space. So the location selected should be more
forward-looking, and the center should be tiringly
distributed in the city’s future prioritized region
to come in line with the city’s master plan. This is
because, in the citizens’ opinion, the government
is the confidence guarantee, a commercial build-
ing possibly goes bankrupt, but the administration
building relatively is much safer. Only under the
government’s construction, the infrastructure (wa-
ter, electricity, road, gas etc.) and servicing facilities
(hospital, school, posts and telecommunications,
public security etc.) can form the high level in a
short period in the newly developed area, this is
what the developer would be unable to achieve.
Site’s natural conditions:
The administrative center is a important archi-
tectural complex and urban space, so it should be
built on a land with
more superior physical geography condition. For
example, the location should consider the geology
topographical condition to avoid the disaster risk,
and should not be on the land with excessively low
topography to avoid the flood disaster. The suitable
location should has sufficient space to use, and its
slope and elevation difference is gentle, the bearing
capacity of soil foundation is strong and its draining
system is quite good in the region.
The traditional Feng-Shui theory named the
site selection for the public activity center as “The
Acupoint Selection”, the administrative center is the
Central Acupoint (is also called “Hall Acupoint”),
and should be prioritize located in the south of
mountain and the north of water with high to-
pography. In this traditional Feng-Shui pattern of
backing-mountain and facing-water, it is highly
advantageous to form a good ecological and partial
microclimate.
Traffic conditions:
A cardinal principle of the site selection is to
establish the centre in a well communicational
area. As an urban administration center, on the
one hand, it should provide the service very con-
veniently for the residents, on the other hand, it
must avoid forming the traffic bottleneck in the
local area. The centre is a place to be visited by the
public, therefore it should be located beside the
main city roads (or not far from the main roads),
but should avoid the cross-boundary roads. It also
should be close to the life main road and the mixing
main road, but should not very close to the trans-
portation main road.model of valuableland with a
good Feng-Shui (Gao Shiming, 2006).
Planning Considerations The application of the
following considerations will assist the space plan-
ner to attain functional effectiveness in the final
layout :
1 . Employees performing close work should be
in the best-lighted areas . Glaring surfaces which
affect vision should be identified and corrected .
2 . Clothes lockers in an office layout are out
of date and wasteful . Large rooms or open areas
should be provided with hanging space for coats
and shelves for hats, packages, and other material .
Space not suitable for work stations should be used
whenever possible .
3 . Heavy equipment generally should be placed
against walls or columns in order to
avoid floor overloading .
4 . Be safety conscious . Do not obstruct exits,
corridors, or stairways . Comply with
fire safety codes governing aisles, exits, etc .
5 . Where frequent interviews with the general
public are required, as in personnel offices, the use
of interview cubicles should be considered
. Such cubicles need only be large enough for the in-
terviewer, the applicant, and a small desk or table .
6 . In operations which require employees to work
away from their office, with only infrequent visits
there to file reports, ate ., consideration should be
given to assigning two or more employees to each
desk . Other considerations include the provision of
45-in . desks and the use of common work tables,
with the assignment of file cabinet drawers to each
employee in which to keep papers, etc .
3.1.4 DESIGN GUIDELINES:
Private Offices
The private office is the most controversial
problem facing the space planner . The assignment
of private offices and the type of partitioning to be
used are issues to be settled by top management
acting on the advice and recommendations of the
space planner . Private offices should be assigned
primarily for functional reasons, nature of work,
visitor traffic, or for security reasons . When pri-
vate offices are provided, they should be only large
enough for the occupant to conduct his normal
business with a reasonable degree of dignity
The following are some of the factors requiring
consideration prior to making the assignment :
• Classification Grade
The necessity for a private office cannot be
directly related to the classification grade of the
employee .
Fig.A.S.4 : Recommended layouts for Private Offices
Adminstration Adminstration

41. 74 75
• Supervisors in Open
Specs Supervisors who are working with their
employees, rather than planning for them, should
generally be in the same room or open space with
them . The supervisor may be separated from the
balance of his section by a distance of several feet
which permits a degree of privacy .
Fig.A.S.4 : Recommended layouts for Private Offices
• Prestige
A frequent justification for a private office is to
impress visiting representatives of industry, and the
general public, with the importance or dignity of
the official being contacted . Recent studies of of-
fice planning in private industry tend to refute such
a position .
They show many highly paid employees housed
in attractive open space . Moderately sized private
offices are provided only for upper-echelon
officials . The offices of many top executives of
large, nationally known companies are less than
250 sq ft each . The provision of a private office, or
too large a private office, for a Government official
may give the taxpayers an adverse impression .
• Security Requirements
The space planner hears many reasons why
people in Government need places where confiden-
tial discussions can be held and a variety of sugges-
tions as to how this should be accomplished . The
private office is the most popular, if not always the
most practical, solution . The Federal establishment
undoubtedly has a greater problem in this respect
than many branches of business .
In addition to the security requirements, the
Government is faced with privacy situations involv-
ing investigative agencies and other activities which
have occasion to inquire into the most confidential
aspects of individuals’ personal lives and the opera-
tions of business concerns. There is no question as
to these persons’
entitlement to reasonable privacy regardless of
whether they are summoned to the office, appear
voluntarily to render assistance, or avail themselves
of services offered by the agency . There are alter-
natives, however, in determining the methods to
be used to satisfy the various requirements Sizes of
Private Offices It is desirable that private offices be
a minimum of 100 sq ft and a maximum of 300 sq
ft each in size, depending upon the requirements
of the occupant . See sketches of most widely used
private offices . Only in cases where it is necessary
for the occupant to meet with delegations of 10
or more people at least once a day should the size
approach 300 sq ft . For the average Government
function, the private office should not exceed 200
sq ft
Fig.A.S.5 : Recommended layouts for Private Offices
Fig.A.S.4 : Recommended layouts for Private Offices
• Semiprivate Offices:
The semiprivate office is a room, ranging in size
from 150 to 400 sq ft, occupied by two or more in-
dividuals . These offices can be enclosed by ceiling-
high, three-quarter-high, or bank-type partitions .
Examples of semiprivate offices are shown. Because
of the loss of flexibility introduced by the use of
the partitions required to enclose these offices, the
same rigid review given private offices should be
employed . Generally, the need to house members
of a work team or other groups of employees as-
signed to a common teak is an acceptable justifica-
tion for semiprivate
Fig.A.S.5 : Recommended layouts for Private Offices Fig.A.S.9: Recommended layouts for Semiprivate Offices
Adminstration Adminstration

42. 76 77
• General or Open Space:
The following paragraphs describe some of the
factors affecting good office layout in general or
open space
General: “General office space” refers to an
open area occupied by a number of employees,
supervisors, furnishings, equipment, and circulation
area . Large open areas permit flexibility end effec-
tive utilization, aid office communications, provide
better light and ventilation, reduce space require-
ments, make possible better flow of work, simplify
supervision, and eliminate partition costs . In many
cases, however, open-space housing for more than
50 persons should be subdivided either by use of
file cabinets, shelving, railing, or low bank-type
partitions .
• Open-Area Work Stations
The space allocated to these work stations is
based on the furniture and equipment necessary
to perform the work assigned as well as on circula-
tion area . The space assigned to any specific work
station may be increased due to special furniture
and equipment requirements associated with the
particular positioned
• Circulation:
This is the area required to conveniently permit
ingress and egress to work stations .
The size of an aisle should be governed by the
amount of traffic it bears . The following standards
with regard to internal circulation will be applied in
space planning surveys :
1 . Aisles leading to main exits from areas which
carry substantial traffic (main aisles)
should be 60 in . wide .
2 . Aisles which carry a moderate amount of traf-
fic (intermediate aisles) should be 48
in . wide .
3 . Aisles between rows of desks (secondary
aisles) should be approximately 36 in . wide .
• Conference Requirements:
Conferences, meetings, and assemblies are an
important part of Government operations .
Since there is no established standard suggest-
ing the number of conference rooms based on
the number of people, the needs will vary widely
among agencies or agency components, depending
largely on the nature of their work .
Whenever possible, the establishment of con-
ference rooms should be based on need established
from past records and experience, rather than on
anticipated needs . Unnecessary conference space
is often allowed because planning is not based on
such records of demonstrated need . The space
planner should always evaluate the utilization of
existing conference rooms before recommending
others
• Conference Space
in Private Offices VS . the Conference Room
Conferences are best conducted in space designed
for that purpose . Conference space should not be
provided in private offices . In lieu of large offices, it
is desirable to provide a conference room adjoining
the office of a top official who holds a large number
of conferences and nearby conference rooms for
officials with more limited requirements . Separate
conference rooms permit maximum utilization
through scheduling at an appropriate level of man-
agement . Where feasible, training and conference
requirements should be pooled and conference
space used as auxiliary office area for visitors .
• Location of Conference Rooms
The conference room should be centrally lo-
cated to the users . Interior space, which is not the
most desirable for office purposes, is well suited
for conference use . This location eliminates out-
side distraction and the need for window coverings
during visual presentations . Access to conference
rooms should be through corridors or through re-
ception areas .
• Sizes of Conference Rooms
Conference rooms should be designed to ac-
commodate average but not maximum attendance
. Extra chairs can be used to achieve additional seat-
ing . See illustrations of preferred layout of conference rooms of various sizes .
Fig.A.S.10 : Recommended layouts for conference rooms.
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• Reception Areas and Visitor Control:
Visitors receive their first impression of an orga-
nization from the decor and layout of the reception
area . It should be attractive, nest, businesslike, and
above all, adequate to accommodate normal visitor
traffic . An allowance of 10 sq ft for each visitor to
be served may be used for space allocation . For
example, if space is required for a total of five visi-
tors at any given time, a total of 50 aq ft should be
used in planning the space . Size, decor, and equip-
ment will depend largely on the type and volume
of visitor traffic
• Storage Space
Office space should not be used for bulk stor-
age. Only working inventories of office supplies and
other materials should be maintained in offices,
preferably in standard supply cabinets . Secondary
space, such as basement areas, should be used to
locate supply operations
.
• Special Rooms Allowance:
Depending on the type of business, offices will
require rooms of a size matched to their use These
will include :
1 . Reception room
2 . Waiting room
3 . Interviewing room
4 . Examination room
5 . Conference room
6 . Exhibit room
7 . Medical room
8 . Lunchroom
Fig.A.S.11 : Recommended layouts for furniture .
9 . Employee lounge
10 . Rest room
11 . Mail room
The more common rooms will have the following
typical space allotments, based on their use by 15
. people
Square feet
Reception room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 400
Waiting or interviewing room . . . . . . . . . . . .. 200
Conference room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
Fig.A.S.12 : Corridor width based on requirements of human
Fig.A.S.14 : Typical open office plan.
. Fig.A.S.13 : Typical modular private office plan with secretarial area
Adminstration Adminstration

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3.1.5 ZOONING DIGRAM: 3.1.6 PROJECT ANALYSIS:
3.1.6.1 Example 1:SIA Multi-Use Office Complex /
FGMF Arquitectos:
Architects: FGMF (Forte, Gimenes & Marcondes
Ferras) Arquitectos
Location: Brasília, Brazil
Team: Fernando Forte, Lourenço Gimenes e
Rodrigo Marcondes Ferraz
Coordinator: Ana Paula Barbosa
Architects: Carolina Matsumoto, Marina Almei-
da e Fábio Pitta
Trainees: Mayara Benegas
Type of Construction: Multi-use Building
Site Area: 37,000.00 m²
Built Area: 85,000.00 m²
Year: 2011
• Overview :
The multi-use office complex proposed by FGMF
(Forte, Gimenes & Marcondes Ferras) Arquitectos
for this 32.000m² lot aims at creating not only a
new architectural reference for the region, but also
a new destination for the city. Adding three dif-
ferent uses – retail, office buildings and modular
offices – the new complex creates a landmark in the
landscape, values the surroundings, and establishes
a new shopping destination. More images and ar-
chitects’ description after the break.
Fig.A.S.17 : exterior shot
Fig.A.S.16 : ZOONING DIGRAM
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Fig.A.S.17 : exterior shot
Fig.A.S.18 : interior shot Fig.A.S.18 : interior shot
Adminstration Adminstration

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Fig.A.S.21 : basement floor
Fig.A.S.22: ground floor
Exterior shot
Fig.A.S.24: section (a-a)
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Fig.A.S.23: 2nd floor
exterior shot
3.1.6.2 Example 2: Green Incubator / Plus Three
Architecture
Project Area: 3,085 sqm
Structural Engineer: Capita Symonds
Services Engineer: RPS Gregory
Ecologist: E3 Ecology
• Overview :
One Trinity Green is a new, high-tech business centre for SMEs
in the renewables sector. Forming Phase 1 of the Trinity South
development in South Shields, the scheme redevelops and re-
generates a brownfield site formerly occupied by an electron-
ics factory which was one of the major employers in the town.
The building is conceived as 3 contemporary, flexible, ‘Victo-
rian’ warehouses each with a distinctive character but bound
together by a singular ribbon of elevation and a range of
shared social spaces. An elevated roof garden provides further
amenity and further differentiates One Trinity Green from
other similar ‘incubator’ developments.
Each ‘warehouse’ benefits from exposed structure (for passive
cooling), opening windows and a central winter garden (to aid
cross ventilation) and a robust palette of materials (to mini-
mise damage during tenant churn).
The design concept seeks to address the social issues of multi-
occupancy buildings by creating a clustered arrangement of
studios and hybrid units and through the celebration of circula-
tion space as a social amenity and interaction space.
Completed in May 2012, One Trinity Green is one of the first in
the region to achieve a BREEAM ‘Outstanding’ rating through
a combination of simple, passive environmental techniques al-
lied to a large array of roof-mounted, photovoltaic panels. The
pre-construction BREEAM score was measured at 87.7%
Fig.A.S.25: exterior shot
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Fig.A.S.25: exterior shot
Fig.A.S.25: exterior shot
Fig.A.S.29: model shot
Fig.A.S.25: exterior shot
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Fig.A.S.38: detail handrail
Fig.A.S.30: vertical zooning diagram
Fig.A.S.30: vertical zooning diagram
Fig.A.S.33: first floor plan
Fig.A.S.35: roof floor plan
Fig.A.S.32: ground floor plan
Fig.A.S.34: second floor plan
Adminstration Adminstration

50. 92 93
interior shot
Fig.A.S.36: east elevationFig.A.S.37: atrium section
interior shotinterior shot
3.1.6.3 Example 3: CDB Tower & Minsheng Finan-
cial Tower Competition Proposal / Saraiva + Asso-
ciados
The project required the design of 2 office buildings – CBD Tower with 150 meters and Minsheng Finan-
cial Tower with 100 meters. The concept proposes the creation of a landmark that gathers and communi-
cates the power of Principles and Social Responsibilities.
Fig.A.S.45: exterior shot
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51. 94 95
Fig.A.S.46: exterior shot
Fig.A.S.45: exterior shotFig.A.S.45: exterior shot
Fig.A.S.46: exterior shot
Fig.A.S.52: elevations
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Fig.A.S.51: sections
Fig.A.S.49: mass development
Fig.A.S.48: mass details
adminsss (57).jpg
Adminstration Adminstration

53. 98 99
Fig.A.S.50: mass plans
Fig.A.S.49: mass development
THE HISTORY OF THE BANKS
The History of Banking begins with the first
prototype banks of merchants of the ancient world,
which made grain loans to farmers and traders
who carried goods between cities. This began
around 2000 BC in Assyria and Babylonia. Later,
in ancient Greece and during the Roman Empire,
lenders based in temples made loans and added
two important innovations: they accepted deposits
and changed money. Archaeology from this period
in ancient China and India, also shows evidence of
money lending activity .
Banking, in the modern sense of the word, can
be traced to medieval and early Renaissance Italy,
to the rich cities in the north such as Florence,
Venice and Genoa. The Bardi and Peruzzi families
Banks
THE HISTORY OF THE BANKS.
BANKS Users.
THE TYPES OF BANKS .
Bank design standard.
Similar projects.
dominated banking in 14th century Florence, estab-
lishing branches in many other parts of Europe. Per-
haps the most famous Italian bank was the Medici
bank, established by Giovanni Medici in 1397.
The development of banking spread from
northern Italy through Europe and a number of
important innovations took place in Amsterdam
during the Dutch Republic in the 16th century, and
in London in the 17th century. During the 20th
century, developments in telecommunications and
computing caused major changes to banks opera-
tions and let banks dramatically increase in size and
geographic spread. The Late-2000s financial crisis
caused many bank failures, including of some of
the world’s largest banks, and much debate about
egulation .
bank Al-Ahly
bank Al-Ahly
Fig.B.H.1 : HISTORY OF THE BANKS
Adminstration Banks

54. 100 101
THE TYPES OF BANKS :
• Retail Banks
• Commercial banks
• Cooperative banks
• Investment Banks
• Specialized banks
• Central banks
Retail Banks:
Retail banks provide basic banking services to
individual consumers. Examples include savings
banks, savings and loan associations, and recurring
and fixed deposits. Products and services include
safe deposit boxes, checking and savings account-
ing, certificates of deposit (CDs), mortgages, per-
sonal, consumer and car loans such as :
• Barclays Bank
• Blom Bank Egypt
• CIB Bank
• HSBC Bank
Commercial Banks:
Banking means accepting deposits of money
from the public for the purpose of lending or invest-
ment. Commercial Banks provide financial services
to businesses, including credit and debit cards,
bank accounts, deposits and loans, and secured and
unsecured loans. Due to deregulation, commercial
banks are also competing more with investment
banks in money market operations, bond underwrit-
ing, and financial advisory work. Commercial banks
in modern capitalist societies act as financial inter-
mediaries, raising funds from depositors and lend-
ing the same funds to borrowers. The depositors’
claims against the bank, their deposits, are liquid,
meaning banks are expected to redeem deposits on
demand, instantly
Banks’ claims against their borrowers are much
less liquid, giving borrowers a much longer span of
time to repay money owed banks. Because a bank
cannot immediately reclaim money lent to borrow-
ers, it may face bankruptcy if all its depositors show
up on a given day to withdraw all their money
Fig.B.S.5 : HSBC BankFig.B.S.4 : CIB Bank
Fig.B.S.3 : Bloom Bank EgyptFig.B.S.2 : Barclays Bank • BEIJING -- China’s central bank decided on
Tuesday to raise the deposit reserve requirement
ratio of commercial banks to a record high of 15.5
percent, the second such move this year
• Commercial Bank in Sri Lanka Offers SFIDA,
Foreign Investment Deposit Accounts for Foreign
and Sri Lankan Investors
• Public Sector Banks:
Public sectors banks are those in which the gov-
ernment has a major stake and they usually need to
emphasize on social objectives than on profitability
• Private sector banks:
Private sector banks are owned, managed and
controlled by private promoters and they are free
to operate as per market forces.
Cooperative Banks:
Cooperative Banks are governed by the provi-
sions of State Cooperative Societies Act and meant
essentially for providing cheap credit to their mem-
bers. It is an important source of rural credit i.e.,
agricultural financing in India.
Fig.B.S.7 : BEIJING - China’s central bank
Fig.B.S.8 : Sri Lanka
Fig.B.S.9 : Cooperative Bank Washington, NC
Fig.B.S.6 : Case Study Bill Payments for Retail Banking Cus-
Banks Banks

55. 102 103
Investment Banks:
An investment bank is a financial institution that
assists individuals, corporations and governments in
raising capital by underwriting and/or acting as the
client’s agent in the issuance of securities. An in-
vestment bank may also assist companies involved
in mergers and acquisitions, and provide ancillary
services such as market making, trading of deriva-
tives, fixed income instruments, foreign exchange,
commodities, and equity securities.
Investment banks aid companies in acquiring
funds and they provide advice for a wide range
of transactions. These banks also offer financial
consulting services to companies and give advice
on mergers and acquisitions and management of
public assets
Specialized Banks:
Specialized banks are foreign exchange banks,
industrial banks, development banks, export-
import banks catering to specific needs of these
Fig.B.S.10: Investment Banks
unique activities. These banks provide financial aid
to industries, heavy turnkey projects and foreign
trade.
Central Banks:
Central banks are bankers’ banks, and these
banks trace their history from the Bank of England.
They guarantee stable monetary and financial
policy from country to country and play an impor-
tant role in the economy of the country. Typical
functions include implementing monetary policy,
managing foreign exchange and gold reserves, mak-
ing decisions regarding official interest rates, acting
as banker to the government and other banks, and
regulating and supervising the banking industry.
These banks buy government debt, have a mo-
nopoly on the issuance of paper money, and often
act as a lender of last resort to commercial banks.
The term bank nowadays refers to these commer-
cial banks. The Central bank of any country super-
vises controls and regulates the activities of all the
commercial banks of that country. It also acts as
a government banker. It controls and coordinates
currency and credit policies of any country. The
Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India.
• The Bank of England (The Bank of England is
the central bank for the whole of the United King-
dom. It was established in 1694, as a private com-
pany, to act as the English government’s banker. In
1734, the bank moved to new quarters in Thread-
needle Street, where it still is
Fig.B.S.10: Investment Banks
Bank design standard:
Fig.B.S.17:The Relationships of rooms in large banks Fig.B.S.18:The Relationships of rooms in large banks
Fig.B.S.14: entrance diagramFig.B.S.13: customer circulation in large bank
Banks Banks

56. 104 105
Fig.B.S.16:general zoning
Fig.B.S.15:entrance diagram
Bank Guidelines:
• Open-plan layout
Maximize potential for selling financial by re-
locating counters and non-sales functions , wall,
and floor space is released for displaying product
literature and advertising material .
Create personal contact space for dealing with
financial products : allow for specialized, some-
times, purpose- built , self-contained desks at which
trained staff can deal face-to-face with customers
Achieve an open , inviting and customer- friendly
environment that brings the customer in easily
makes each service easy to find and enables the
customer to circulate throughout the bank com-
fortably Are now a universal feature of modern
high street banks and building societies .
• Open-plan principles
The idea of this is to bring staff and customers
much closer together and build up customer loyalty
Maximize space given over to customer : move ser-
vice counters as close to perimeter walls as possible
, reduce space for support staff and equipment
Minimize space for processes and secure areas (
back office functions are increasingly being moved
from branches and centralized )
• Safes and strong rooms:
In terms of the components of the bank and its
functions, we find that it is divided into (2 zones)
first, a special customer services and the second
special staff and services, and all entrances.
• Elements of the Bank and the basic Frigate:
1- The main hall of the customers
2- The main offices of the Bank’s management
and Accessories of meeting rooms, a library and
reception halls
3- Staff offices
4- Cabinets save money and documents
5- Public services include dock for unloading
and shipping money to and from the bank and
under the supervision of guard rooms and lounges
for workers with the necessary toilets then galleries
mechanical devices, electrical private condition-
ing Hawn E and water boilers and backup module
to generate electricity in addition to the offices of
receipt and delivery correspondence automatically
Fig.B.S.19:General zoning
Banks Banks

57. 106 107
offices and printing press with the necessary stores
and workshops.
Fig.B.S.21: Safes and strong rooms
bnook20.pngFig.B.S.20: Safes and strong rooms
Blanks BankS:
1- Entrance to the public: We must possess the
security vacuum in terms of shape
2- Entrance hall
3- Elevators
4- Offices: The main element in the building,
and allocated to the bank manager and senior staff
to represent the center and compromise between
different departments.
5- Conference Hall ( 150 m2)
6- Lecture Hall ( 150 m2)
7- Meeting Rooms ( 100 m2)
8- Library ( 50 m2)
9- Main hall meetings held official functions (
150 m2)
10- Exhibition
11- Entrance workers
12- Machinery room
13- Entrance to the parking service
14- Cafeteria and Restaurant (200 m2)
Important notes when designing:
1-Must be vertical Contact Group items and
services in a vacuum transitional one.
2-Organic separation between public galleries
deal and the main contact for movement building
such separate cabinets clients from bank vaults in a
way that the necessary security.
3- The vertical spatial extension of a deal with
the public and overlapping with mezzanine office
spaces Champions and public administration re-
quired for this gym
4- Separation between different approaches to
achieve functional efficiency and provide security
for the building with the distribution of emergency
escape exits and by separating the movement of ar-
mored cars and banknotes and securities between
dealers movement
Examples banks worldwide
Fig.B.S.22: ABSA Bank, South Africa
Fig.B.S.22: ABSA Bank, South Africa
Fig.B.S.22: ABSA Bank, South Africa
Fig.B.S.28: Arab Banking Corporation
Banks Banks

58. 108 109
PROJECT ANALYSIS:
Example 1: Saxo Bank 3XN
Architect: 3XN
Engineer: Rambøll
Address: Philip Heymans Allé, 2900 Hellerup,
Denmark
Client: Carlsberg Properties / Saxo Bank
Award: 1st prize in invited international compe-
tition 2004
Size: 16,000 m2 + 6,700 m2 basement
Completion: 2006-2008
Budget: DKK212m / €28,4m
• Overview :
Project is a building for an online bank. This
building was finished 4 years after winning an inter-
national competition back in 2004.
Fig.B.A.29: Exterior Shot
I like how the central stair adds dynamism to
the interior, enhancing vertical relations.
Saxo Bank is a young dynamic internet bank
with focus on online-trade with currencies, shares
and futures on the bank’s self-developed platform,
Saxo Trader. Saxo Bank was founded in 1992 in
Denmark and counts around 850 staff members of
35 nationalities who serve customers from 115 dif-
ferent countries.
Saxo Bank’s new headquarter in Copenhagen is
designed by 3XN. Although the customers primar-
ily encounter the bank in cyberspace, the physical
premises of the head office is of great importance
to the management of the bank who participate
actively and are highly dedicated to the develop-
ment of the building. The building is of great iconographic significance, and there is a strong conviction
that architecture and design affect each staff member’s performance and awareness of the company.
The architectural design is based on Saxo’s cutting-edge profile and branding. The lines of the building
design define a sharp balance between reliability and dynamic expressivity in dialogue with the local plan.
The building is shaped like two blocks with the end walls pointing towards the canal, joined together by
facades that are withdrawn from the end walls. The facades are shaped like double curved glass that wave
like a piece of textile.
The interior of the building is open and transparent with a large sense of community. The open plans
centre round a softly shaped atrium with a glass roof. In the atrium, the main stair case winds up to the
top. However, the main room and largest attraction of the building is the so-called Trading Floor where
share prices are monitored intensely and resemble scenes from American movies about stock exchanges.
Furthermore, the building encompasses a large number of rooms for technical support, kitchenettes and
recreational areas.
Fig.B.A.29: Exterior Shot
Banks Banks

59. 110 111
Fig.B.A.29: Exterior Shot
Fig.B.A.30: Interior shotsFig.B.A.30: Interior shots Fig.B.A.32: First floor analysis
Fig.B.A.31: Ground floor analysis
Banks Banks

60. 112
Fig.B.A.30: Interior shots
Fig.B.A.33:sec analysis
Banks

61. 113
Introduction
The idea of creating a distinct zones are held
together multi-cultural activities, recreational and
social and business ........ And commercial centers
are in themselves a clear expression of these areas
as well as it gives a distinct cultural image of the
city.
Brief History of the commercial centers:
Man knew of trade and commercial transac-
tions since the foot and the result that different
types of markets in different eras began yards open,
and then pay the Greek and formic ROMANIAN
that wraps around the temples under the Bishop
of protection from the sun In the Middle Ages has
become associated with the market place the field
of church and associated commercial activity in the
Islamic eras ((Khan Agency Qaysarip markets)) and
commercial streets, which was one of the most
important elements of planning associated with the
population of the Islamic city.
Since the emergence of architecture in the his-
tory and sparked the emergence of the former to
meet the need, consistent with the development
of history and time, and stages of development and
sequence of the malls that have emerged from the
first systems of human life and are going according
commercial.
Introduction
Users
Design standard
Project analysis
Zonning
to regulations and laws which determine his tracks.
There have been huge commercial markets in
the West in the nineteenth century and took the
following forms:
A. (Commercial street covered market shop
General store with partitions): - invented in
Paris, and characterized the new direction in the
use of glass ceilings with iron.
B. Market, “yard” of trade: - could be covered
roofs of glass and iron.
C. General Store: - it contains all kinds of prod-
ucts offered.
D. Shops with partitions: - a development that
was highly successful in the nineteenth century.
For the markets in the nineteenth century when
it appeared in Middle Egypt the idea of creating
markets combined.
The commercial markets in the twentieth cen-
tury was divided into: -
A. Stores with partitions: - where there were
many of these stores.
Fig.C.S.1.Dubai mall
commercial

62. 114 115
Design standard
Malls
• Design trends:
Because there are multi-functional project
there are several trends in its design, including:
1. As the project architect and one block is avail-
able with several entrances to major or subsidiary
can be accessed from the lobby to the internal key
is comprised of a set of stairs and fork to the group
of roads that link the elements of the project.
2. Divided into parts according to the functions
in connection with the vacuum and the provision of
green spaces as areas of open, taking into account
the relationship component of the project and
formed with the middle of the ocean.
3. Distribution of elements of the project on the
wings branching from a major distribution center.
4. Distribution of elements of the project freely
in a vacuum and under one big roof on a regular
basis.
5. Departure from the usual rule in architectural
design which is committed to the functional and
structural determinants.
6. Development of shops to attract the public in
a position to guarantee activating the movement of
the public and therefore must know the negative
sites to areas attract children.
7. Taking into account the design and dimen-
sions of spaces and commercial center of the public
so as to facilitate movement to and from the center
and the movement of vehicles do not conflict with
pedestrian traffic.
8. Classification of specialty shops with each
other and not to confuse the shops as if mixed with
meat shops or other industrial shops.
9. Rise in the building :
• - ground floor 4.5 - 5 meters.
• - the first floor and repeated 3.75 - 4.5 meters.
• - floor 3.00 - 4.00 meters.
10. Must take into account the fact that visitors
to the mall using their cars, so there is the ratio
between the number of customers and the number
of parking spaces, for example, in some countries is
calculated for each car park for 300400 people for
the renewal of 3 times daily or Bonsab proportion
of the glass facade.
Fig.C.S.2.2. Dubai mall.
• The formation of interfaces:
The project is closely linked to the human ele-
ment through the activities offered by the vari-
ous humanitarian and therefore must respect the
human scale interfaces in addition to the dimen-
sions that have explicitly express the elements that
they contain. Must also take into account link the
various elements of the project so that it has the
effect beautiful and endearing to the self through
B. Supermarket: - It is a store where works by
self-service-based technology. Developed commer-
cial centers after World War II was a development
in stages:
A. In the fifties: - on the first shopping center
completely covered with a center ((swot dell)) at
Mina Botts.
B. In the sixties: - was to follow the model of the
covered shopping mall with the multiplicity of the
roles of the centers and the change in the form of
trade corridor (( Center york deli)).
C. In the seventies: - moved to reduce the
length of the lanes using two passages Ptqatat in
the main square has been to rely on natural lighting
through the ceilings.
D. In the eighties: - designers resorted to the
integration of celebrations and events for the Trade
Center as attractions such as the Centre ((WEST
Omnon)), which combines the entertainment and
marketing together.
Users
Fig.C.S.2.1.Dubai mall.
commercial commercial

63. 116 117
• Hall main entrance
gather then routes traffic to the shopping center
was located by the activities of the musical perfor-
mances or use parts of them open or as Exhibit car,
taking into account the lighting and bear flooring
to the amount of loads of living, located them and
learned from main squares to break the boredom
overload resulting from the corridors of shopping
long.
Fig.C.S.5.Dubai mall entrance.jpg
Fig.C.S.7.City Mall Amman hallFig.C.S.6.City Star hall
• Elements of existing public spaces
such as the internal gardens and provide
the means of various guidelines to facilitate
access to various shops, according to the types
of different areas to sit and children’s games
and video games. As well as the water is of
the attractions of the very shopping malls, so
the presence of Alnforat is one of the favorite
things, this is light music of favorite items in the
shopping malls closed because of their good
effect on the psyche of shoppers and provide
seating areas and use the system to the appeal
year, in addition to providing units of the phone.
• Horizontal components of the Movement
The passages are the element that determines
the form of shopping and is made up of major ways
for shoppers is surrounded by shops on both sides
in addition to the corridor Kulaih and can lead to a
point or more points of convergence (blanks) and
is the main entrances to all the small shops on the
corridor’s main business or on the bypass and that
it was undesirable General requirements for the
design of trade corridors:
1- Must be a design trade corridors so as to pro-
vide the flow of shoppers to the fullest degree.
Fig.C.S.8.Out door landscape for mall Fig.C.S.11. Horizontal components of the Movement
the study of interfaces carefully, must also be attractive working to attract shoppers to the mall and be
Chtaibadtha of materials with high quality and
easy maintenance and bear the weather different and the effects of solar radiation.
• The aesthetics:
Is one of the most important attractions as the aesthetic form factor to attract the vicinity of
the project to be respectful of the surrounding tissue, Active is a good and distinct views of either
greenery or the beauty of the roads leading to it or linked to landscaped gardens
Fig.C.S.3. Noor AlAin Mall in United Arab Emirates.
• lighting and environmental
The project contains multiple items and differ-
ent requirements in terms of environmental Kalid-
haep, ventilation and guidance, each according to
his job and the successof the architect in providing
the appropriate conditions for each element given
the strength of the project.
• Architectural elements
• Entries
Entries commercial center should be clear and
firm are required to suggest the grandeur and lux-
ury as they transition zone from the outside to the
inside, and recommended the use of high quality
materials to add to that the elements of landscap-
ing and plantings Heading reinforce the
importance of the commercial center is also
height and width of entrances must be commen-
surate interfaces with external and internal that
if these approaches were low and well lit, they
constitute an impediment to attract shoppers to
the Centre for marketing, so the entries should be
marked by severe external.
Fig.C.S.4.Indonesia comerical building in Jakarta entrance.
commercial commercial

64. 118 119
• Area shops
Be of varying size are related to each other by
channels and traffic hubs, good and clear and relate
to the shops on each floor level by the escalators to
give vitality and speed of movement of the market
as well as to reduce the points of disability is also
escalators points of attraction for users Design con-
siderations for shops:
1)clothing stores: -
Usually there are clothing stores in the upper
floors into shops collected which is a women’s
clothing shops, men and children may be grouped
in one place great loves in this case that there is a
separate part of the shop selling children’s clothing.
- Must contain the store rooms of the measure
containing the mirrors.
- It is recommended that the natural light avail-
able to distinguish between colors and always be
artificial lighting inside the stores that are 20% of
the total area of the shop.
- Have high shelves S 2.2 m high and the best is
the most appropriate modified between 50 and 150
cm.
- The high tables display (counter) 85- 95 cm,
and in the case of a customer sitting 55-75 cm, and
the width is 70 - 85 cm.
2) stores that sell jewelry:
Selling jewelry from high-price business and
therefore require special offer and places are
behind the jewelry repair shop and exposed to the
client. And all the exhibits collected and stored in
cabinets when you close the shop to protect the ex-
hibits from theft and also the lighting is very impor-
tant to display and use mirrors to control.
3) gift shop:
Of the difficulties faced by the organization of
the large number of gift shops are types of exhibits
and usually are not the procurement process with-
out seeing the thing or take the idea from its use
must be maintained exhibits unbreakable.
4) stores that sell furniture:
Furniture Department has closets full venues
and parts of the rooms and furniture should be
coordinated so that attracts the public and the
method of sale furniture department different from
other sections where the buyer to take delivery
after the payment of purchase price.
Fig.C.S.16.Northshore-mall shops.Fig.C.S.15.Galeria Krakowska mall in Krakow.
Retail outlets
• Shops
Shelf units in shops ………from which customers pick their own goods should be no higher than 1.8 m
and no lower than 0.3 m above floor level.
Attention must be paid to circulation routes in larger shops. . They should begin at the trolley/basket
pick-up and end at the check-outs.
2- to be in the planning year, Basta and easily
recognizable.
3-You must be a trade corridors in nature leads
to enjoy the delightful walk by this addition to pro-
viding some places for rest and relaxation, and on
this basis are small shrubs and flowers and foun-
tains and statues of the fundamental aspects of the
important passages taking care not to block vision
stores.
4- You must playa trade corridor to the ends of
the elements of attraction the status of marketing.
Dimensions of trade corridors : Offers trade
corridors: Offers are selected trade corridors so
that it is appropriate to wait for the shoppers and
their movement. Forms of trade corridors: Trade
corridors take many forms may be linear, as in the
center of Paris Velezi broken or written in the form
of an “L” or on the T-shaped or circular surrounding
the lobby of procedure of the Mall.
• Vertical components of the Movement
First: Escalator: and she gives a scene aestheti-
cally and benefits they attract the attention ofshop-
pers always at the top, but its flaws, it occupies a
large portion of the area as its costs are high and
are necessary for the performance of 200 people
per hour, and placed in the center of the building
and is visible from the entrance Askew and 30, so
that is characterized by height, speed, security, and
the depth of the stairs 0.40 meters and width is
0.60 meters or 0.80 cm and usually speed 0.5 m t s,
while for the high altitude 5.20 m I sec.
Second: The belt conveyors italics: and is a key
feature of the conveyor belts Escalators it be by
which the carriage of goods purchased by custom-
ers such as chairs, strollers easily and from the
disadvantages of conveyor belts that could be too
long a much greater extent than the escalator and
to avoid regression or strong preference.
Third: elevators: I always recommend their use
because they occupy less space than occupied by
the conveyor belts or escalators and are less in the
cost of operation of the escalator and move most of
the needs of shoppers from strollers to wheelchairs
as the advantage of being faster than the escalator.
And we find in some commercial centers and
an elevator inside the towers, glass show moves is
important to have a lift so that linking the garage
(garage) cars and tracks the movement of shoppers
and have sizes suitable for the number of shoppers
expected, preferably an elevator large for the exis-
tence of elevators smaller.
Divided in terms of the use of elevators to the
four main types:
1- Lifts public and commercial purposes.
2- Elevator residential buildings.
3- Elevator official bodies and government de-
partments.
Fig.C.S.14. Vertical components of the Movement
Fig.C.S.13. Vertical components of the Movement
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65. 120 121
Fig.C.S.18.2. Shelf units in shops.Fig.C.S.18.1. Shelf units in shops.
Fig.C.S.22. Windos.Fig.C.S.21. Check out position.
Fig.C.S.20. Good view of the whole shop from check- outs is
essential for customer convenience and security
Fig.C.S.19.circulation routes in larger shops.
Fig.C.S.18. Shelf units in shops.Fig.C.S.17.2.Shelf units in shops.
Fig.C.S.17.1. Shelf units in shops.Fig.C.S.17. Shelf units in shops.
All shops require some provision for the handling of goods. These needs may vary from off-pavement
deliveries for small units to the complex operations carried out by large retail businesses.
The walls, floors, counter tops and work surfaces in fishmongers, game and poultry shops and butchers
must be washable.
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66. 122 123
In addition, adequate ventilation is required for
the removal of smells.
Fruit and vegetables need to be kept cool but
not refrigerated.
Potatoes should be kept in dark rooms. Sales are
mostly from delivery containers (baskets, crates,
boxes etc.) and dirt traps and refuse collectors
should provided below storage racks.
In general, the planning and design of greengro-
cers’ shops should consider the requirements for
delivery and unpacking of goods, washing, pre-
paring, weighing, wrapping, waste collection and
disposal.
Flower shops can be combined with fruit and
vegetable shops.
Fig.C.S.28.Counter with stands for boxes and baskets , drip pan
and dirt trap.
Fig.C.S.27. Butcher counter.
• FOOD COURTS
Food courts are large halls that house groups of
small outlets selling a wide variety of specialist food
products.
Customers can either sit and eat on the prem-
ises or take the food away. With attractive displays
and a market-style environment, food courts offer a
pleasant shopping environment and can be added
to supermarkets beyond the
check-outs .
The produce is predominantly fresh or cooked
on the premises so storage space for one day’s
trade is adequate.Deliveries are usually made early
in the morning.
Suitable materials therefore include
marble
ceramic tiles
glass
plastics
Fish perishes quickly and so must be kept
chilled. It also smells strongly so fishmongers’
shops should be surrounded by air-locks or air-cur-
tains. Note that smoked fish, unlike fresh fish, must
be stored in dry conditions and provision must be
made for this.
The possibility of large bulk deliveries should be
taken into consideration. There may also be a need
for an aquarium to attract the eye.
Game and poultry shops are sometimes part
of fish shops and often stock only one day’s sup-
ply of goods. They require a separate work room
with facilities for plucking and scraping. As poultry
absorbs smells, it must be stored separately both in
the cold room and shop. Large refrigerated com-
partments and display cases are needed.
Butchers’ shops should preferably be on one
level and have trucks on rails or castors to allow car-
casses (which can weigh up to 200 kg) to be moved
easily. Work rooms and cold rooms should be one
and a half to two times the size of the shop.
Fig.C.S.24.Fish monger position and counter.
Fig.C.S.23.Section through counter in a self- service shop
Fig.C.S.25.Poultry and game shop position and counter.Fig.C.S.26. Butcher counter with chopping block.
All fittings in cold stores must be adequately
protected against corrosion, due to the high humid-
ity level in these spaces.
The conflict in fishmongers’ and butchers’ shops
between balancing the requirements of tempera-
ture for staff comfort (around 16°C) and the display
of provisions (-2°C to O°C), can be dealt with by
using directional fan heaters, which blow warm air
towards staff and away from food, radiant heaters
placed high on the walls or under-floor heating.
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67. 124 125
Shelf arrangements are developed from consid-
erations of how best to lead customers past all the
different ranges of goods.
The department store is essentially a very large
shop, generally on several floors, selling a wide vari-
ety of goods, including
1-clothes,
2-household goods
3-food.
Their design should provide maximum flexibility
to permit frequent adjustments required for the
seasonal sales patterns. The food department is the
only one purpose designed.
A main structural grid between 5.4 and 6 m is
commonly used, with 5.4 m being considered opti-
mum.
The largest hypermarkets are about 250000 rn-’.
Shoppers generally purchase a greater quantity of
goods in hypermarkets than in supermarkets and
therefore larger size trolleys are used.
This needs to be considered in the design. The
‘superstore’ is a further development of the hyper-
market.
Fig.C.S.32. Discount market , 300-500 m2 sales area.
Fig.C.S.31.Supermarket.
A typical food court might include
• a bakery,
• a butcher,
• cafes and bars,
• a delicatessen snack bar,
• an ice-cream parlour
• shops
• counters selling
 sea food,
 fruit,
 vegetables,
 flowers,
 beers and wines,
 pizza,
 wholefood,
 local specialities etc.
• DEPARTMENT STORES AND SUPERMARKETS
Basic dimensional guidelines give the minimum
heights of spaces in shops and storage facilities as:
1-up to 400 m2 retail floor space 3.00 m
2-over 400 m2 retail floor space 3.30 m
3-over 1500 m2 retail floor space 3.50 m
Ventilation ducts or other structures should not
reduce the required clear room heights.
If possible rooms up to 25 metres wide should
be free of columns. The load-bearing capacity of
floors should be designed to take additional loads
such as light fittings, suspended ceilings, decora-
tion, ducts, sprinkler systems etc. (approximately
20 kp/m-), In the shopping areas and store-rooms
it shou Id be 750-1000 kp/rn-’, and 2000 kp/m? for
ramps.
The floors connecting sales areas, stores, and
delivery ramps should be at the same level. Note
that delivery ramps or platforms are 1.10-1.20m
above ground level.
Fig.C.S.29 . Spaces beyond the check-outs.
Fig.C.S.30.Dimensions of counters and shelf units ( grid 10
10m ).
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68. 126 127
• HYPERMARKETS
Fig.C.S.37.Hypermarket.
• RESTAURANTS AND EATING PLACES:
To be able to eat comfortably, one person re-
quires a table area of around 60cm wide by 40cm
deep. This provides sufficient clearance between
adjacent diners. Although an additional 20cm of
space in the centre for dishes and tureens is some-
times desirable, an overall width of 80-85cm is suit-
able for a dining table. Round tables, or tables with
six or eight sides, with a diameter of 90-120cm are
ideal for four people and can also take one or two
more diners
• ARRANGEMENTS:
Any function or conference rooms should have
movable furniture to allow flexibility of use. A food
bar may be installed for customers who are in a
hurry. Large dining rooms can be divided into zones.
The kitchen, storerooms, delivery points, toilets and
other service areas should be grouped around the
dining room, although toilets can be on another
floor. Structural columns in a dining room are best
in the middle of a group of tables or at the corner
of a table ~ (ID. The ceiling height of a dining room
should relate to the floor area: s 50m2, 2.50m;
>50m2, 2.75m; >100m2, 2::3.00m; above or below
galierieS,2::2.50
Fig.C.S.38.Sicilian Restaurant,.
• SUPERMARKETS
Fig.C.S.35.Shopping trolley.Fig.C.S.33 Sliding doors air lock.
Fig.C.S.33.Supermarket.
Fig.C.S.36.Wall shelving. Fig.C.S.34.Supermarket check- out desk- variation on.
commercial commercial