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2. Tidal Energy is not yet recognized by the United Nations as an energy resource that should receive support and funding for its development . The Current Situation Tidal Energy is sustainable, clean, reliable, widely distributed, and can offer significant benefits to many marine nations. Tidal Energy can be captured in an efficient and cost-effective way .

3. Tidal Energy is a clean, renewable source of energy--such as solar, wind, biofuels, and low-head hydro-- and deserves official international support and funding for its development .

4. The Worldwide Distribution of Tidal Energy

5. World Map of the Distribution of Tidal Energy Red areas show most intense tidal energy

6. Developing Nations that could receive significant benefits from Tidal Energy ________________________________________ Indian Ocean: Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives, Seychelles. Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, Vietnam. Pacific Ocean: Fiji, Kiribati, Micronesia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor, Tuvalu, Vanuatu. Central and South America: Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Surinam. Atlantic Ocean: Cape Verde. All coastal nations with tidal passes between coral reefs or offshore islands.

8. Efficient technology to capture Tidal Energy is already cost-effective

10. Schematic view of the helical turbine mounted in a frame.

13. Features of the Helical Turbine 35% Efficiency

14. Features of the Helical Turbine Power increases 8 times when velocity doubles Source: GCK Technology I Knot = 1.69 ft/sec I M/sec = 3.28 ft/sec

15. Features of the Helical Turbine Installation Cost: dollars/kw Source: GCK Technology, Inc. Red: high estimate Blue: low estimate

16. Multiple Benefits from Tidal Energy

18. 1) Electrification of Isolated Communities: The Tide-Energy project near the mouth of the Amazon Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

19. (a) 6-blade helical turbine (b) Pulley and belt (c) Automotive alternator The Tide-Energy project near the mouth of the Amazon: a simple generating package

22. 2) Power for the Grid The Uldolmok Strait Pilot Project in Korea 1m x 2.5m GHT from GCK Technology, Inc.

23. The Uldolmok Channel Pilot Project in Korea Results and perspectives: Testing of the Gorlov Helical Turbine manufactured by GCK Technology, Inc. was performed by the Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute (KORDI). Successful tests were carried out In 2002 using a 1m diameter Gorlov Helical Turbine which produced about 10kW in a 4 knot flow. As a result of these trials, a larger GHT (2.2m diameter, 2.5m length) was designed and manufactured by GCK and successfully tested by KORDI in 2004 The GHT has also been successfully tested on floating platforms off of Long Island, NY and in the Merrimack River in Massachusetts.

24. 3) Generation of hydrogen for fuel cells from the electrolysis of water from tidal currents that do not need to be in close proximity to end-users. The Gorlov Helical Turbine modules can be assembled in large-scale power farms, as depicted in the artist’s conception above. Detail of the Farm Projected Power Farm 1 2 3 4

25. 4) Regrowth of Coral Reefs Using Biorock Technology: Karang Lestari coral reef and fisheries restoration project, Indonesia

26. Biorock shore protection project at Ihuru Island, Maldives, turned a severely eroding beach into 15 meters (50 feet) growth in a few years Before: Severe erosion

27. Biorock reef in front of the beach uses electricity to grow solid limestone rock on a steel frame and to grow corals. This slows down waves, causes sand to settle, and attracts fish.

28. A few years later: beach has grown 15 meters (50 ft.). Tidal energy can grow Biorock reefs to protect whole islands from sea level rise, while restoring their coral reefs and fisheries

29. Biorock’s technology speeds the growth of coral reefs 3-5 times and increases survival from severe high temperature 16-50 times. This rapidly increases fish populations and creates ecotourism attractions. Biorock’s technology can be used to regrow dying coral reefs throughout the world, build coastal protection, restore fisheries, and create mariculture resources. Biorock’s technology has been proven in field tests in more than 20 Caribbean, Pacific, Indian Ocean, and Southeast Asian countries. Tidal Energy often found around coral reefs and atolls can be used with Biorock’s technology to regrow reefs in an inexpensive, low-maintenance way using the helical turbine.

31. Contact Information Thomas J. Goreau , Ph.D. President Global Coral Reef Alliance 37 Pleasant Street Cambridge MA 02139 USA +1 (617) 864-4226 [email_address] http://www.globalcoral.org Scott D. Anderson , Ph.D. Coordinator The Tide-Energy Project near the Mouth of the Amazon +1 (352) 246-8246 (mobile) [email_address] Prof. Alexander M. Gorlov Chief Technology Officer GCK Technology, Inc. 607 Bluff Cliff Drive San Antonio, TX 78216 +1 (617) 277-0986 [email_address] Mr. Edward L. Kurth President and General Counsel GCK Technology, Inc. 607 Bluff Cliff Drive San Antonio, TX 78216 +1 (210) 496-5902 [email_address]