Velocity Conference 2013: The Challenges of Internationalization and Localization on Page Performance

Performance*
and*[i18n,*l10n]
@ColinBendell

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM

Tuesday, November 5, 13

Colin*Bendell
Akamai



He*who*cannot*draw*
on*three*thousand*
years*is*living*hand*to*
mouth.

Wer*nicht*von*dreitausend*Jahren
Sich*weiß*Rechenscha@*zu*geben,
Bleib*im*Dunkeln*unerfahren,
Mag*von*Tag*zu*Tage*leben.
-- Goethe
Buch des Unmuts, West-östlicher Divan




http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/joshlty/2618266556/

Earth is a pretty big place

Languages*on*the*Internet
www.languageconnect.net/blog/2012/07/top-languages-on-the-internet-infographic/

% of total speakers on the internet
English
Chinese

English
536 million
Korean
39 million
Russian
59 million
French
59 million
Arabic
66 million

Spanish
164 million
German
Japanese
75 million
Portuguese 99 million
82 million

Spanish
Japanese
Portuguese
Chinese
509 million

German
Arabic
French
Russian
Korean



Market*Opportunity

=

If I had 30% of US Market

That’s 2% of Global Market


internaLonali[sz]aLon*=*more*$$$



web*performance*is*a*
balancing*act*of*concerns

500*randomly*selected*urls*from*
HTTP*Archive*(where*Rank*<10k)*
Speed Index

i18n

no-i18n

0ms

1,000ms

2,000ms

3,000ms

4,000ms

5,000ms



Sample*Set*Breakdown
Rank

Page Speed
80

7100

60

5325

40

3550

20

1775

0

0

i18n

no-i18n

i18n

no-i18n



∝

Does*LocalizaLon* *Slower*Sites?



Housekeeping:*for*the*pedanLc
• i18n*=*architecture*supporLng*localizaLon
• l10n*=*implementaLon*for*a*locale
• g11n*=*i18n*∪*l10n
• m17n*⊆*l10n


government regulations

multiple languages

culture / social
date formats

input and output

workﬂows

i18n

paper sizes

price hiding

weights & measures

branding
currency

timezones
number formats

related languages

geography

ﬁnance / legal obligations


Yours


Yours

3rd Parties


6,900*languages*
x**206*Countries
x**182*currencies
x**39*Date*formats*
...
=*high*fragmentaLon



Where*does*i18n*belong?
(RAR!)
Request

Assemble

Respond

(Adapt)

Render



Distributed*Caching*will*follow*
Geo*PoliLcal*Lines



My*recommended*balance*of*
cacheability*and*performance
Request

Assemble

Respond

geo rules
branding

language
branding
workﬂows
pricing
geo rules

caching
transform

(Adapt)

Render

currency
number formats
date formats
weights / measures



Why*not*use*the*browser*for*l10n?



Core*Javascript*limited*to*date*l10n



Many,*many*js*libs*to*ﬁll*the*gaps
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

i18next.js*(i18next.com)
jsperanto.js*(github.com/jpjoyal/jsperanto)
jed.js*(slexaxton.github.io/Jed/)
messageformat.js*(github.com/SlexAxton/messageformat.js)
jquery.i18n*(github.com/recurser/jquerygi18n)
globalize*(github.com/rxaviers/globalize)
TwiherCLDR*(github.com/twiher/twihergcldrgjs)
Closure*(developers.google.com/closure/library/)
etc,*etc


i18n*means*more*code



Beware*of*the*template*tax



Takeaways
• Use*Javascript*for*date/Lme/number/currency*formajng
• Resource*bundles*cost*network*Lme
• Don’t*do*mulLglanguage*failover
• Most*users*don’t*override*the*locale*so*don’t*worry*about*it


Server*Side*i18n*is*Just*as*Hard
• control*the*memory,*cpu*and*runLme
• same*i18n*uses*the*same*techniques
• can*fragment*your*own*local*cache
• best*combinaLon*is*to*let*the*browser*handle*formajng,*server*
handle*m17n



m17n*is*the*hardest*part*of*i18n
• plurals*(goose*v.*geese)
• gender,*noun*declension,*verb*conjugaLon,*tense
• colloquialisms*(holegingthegwall*v.*ATM)
• page*layout*(speed*limit*v.*Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung)


m17n*is*really*text*subsLtuLon
<!DOCTYPE*html>
<%
**ResourceBundle*msgs*=
ResourceBundle.getBundle("messages");
%>
<html>
**<head>
***<Ltle><%=msgs.getString("HELLO_WORLD")%></Ltle>
**</head>
**<body>
****<h1><%=msgs.getString("WELCOME")%></h1>
****<%=msgs.getString("BODY_TEXT")%>
**</body>
</html>

gggggg*messages.res*gggggg
WELCOME=Welcome*to*my*homepage
HELLO_WORLD=Hello*World*Example!
BODY_TEXT=This*is*just*a*sample*page*to*
compare*the*various*localizaLon*methods.
#*Errors*Messages
ERR_IE_VISTA=Java*1.6.0_10*or*above*is*required*
when*using*IE*undernWindows*Vista
ERR_ACCESS01=No*access*allowed
ERR_ACCESS02=No*access*g*system*error
ERR_ACCESS03=No*access*g*password*failed
ERR_ACCESS04=No*access*g*userID*{0}*not*found
ERR_ACCESS05=No*access*g*userID*{0}*not*allowed


gehext*is*nicer,*but*sLll*the*same
<!DOCTYPE*html>
<%
****I18n*i18n*=*I18nFactory.getI18n(getClass());
%>
<html>
**<head>
***<Ltle><%=i18n.tr("Hello*World*Example!")%></Ltle>
**</head>
**<body>
****<h1><%=i18n.tr("Welcome*to*my*homepage!")%></h1>
****<%=i18n.tr("This*is*just*a*sample*page*to*compare*the*
various*localizaLon*methods.
")%>
**</body>
</html>



php gettext

default (en)
translated (de)

String ID

0

200

400

600

800

Requests / second


http://mel.melaxis.com/devblog/2006/04/10/benchmarking-php-localization-is-gettext-fast-enough/

gehext*vs.*in*stringgid

developer.tizen.org/documentation/articles/plural-and-gender-rules-internationalized-applications

Does*m17n*make*sense?



TranslaLon*Proxies



Mindful*of*the*gap



m17n*takeaways
• It’s*hard;*There*aren’t*any*silver*bullets
• It*will*require*hand*tuning
• Precompute*the*language*output
• TranslaLon*proxies*are*only*as*good*as*what*they*can*“see”


Language*DetecLon



Locale*detecLon*and*tracking
Connected*to*82.150.226.198*
from*50.58.99.162
GET*/engus/index.html?lang=engus*HTTP/1.1
Host:*en.example.com
Accept:**/*
AcceptgLanguage:engUS,en;q=0.8,frgCA;q=0.6,fr;q=0.4
Cookie:*lang=engus


Locale*DetecLon
SEO/Bot Shareable
Crawlable
Links

Cache
Aware

Ops
Friendly

AcceptLanguage

N

?

?

?

IP Geo

N

?

?

N

Cookie

N

?

?

Y

URL

Y

Y

Y

Y


i18n*is*not*just*for*users



Other*usegcases*for*i18n
Operations
Early geo
detection
(DNS)
Late geo
detection

Business

Performance
Capacity

Financial*&*
Legal

IP*Deny*/*
security

EnLtlement
Contract
Price*arbitrage


Don’t*overlook*UX*when*
implemenLng*i18n



Takeaways
• Use*browser*l10n*for*formajng*(currency,*Lmezones,*numbers,*date)
• Translate*server*side*and*cache*output
• Detect*with*AcceptgLanguage*header,*but*embed*the*locale*in*the*url
• Leverage*dns*for*localizaLon*business*rules
• Adding*i18n*early*is*cheaper*than*later


Thanks!



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