EU Member states support policies for Energy genarated from renewable sources (RES-E) policies

1. Alejo Etchart
February 2010
Annex I
EU-27 RES-E country
profiles: support systems,
prices per technology,
legislation and further info.
To the document: ‘Sales in the EU Spanish RES-E certificates’

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1.1 Austria

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Further info about Austria:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet:http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_austria_en.pdf
- FITs according to the Green Electricity Act: http://www.energyagency.at/(de)/enz/einspeis_at.htm#h5
- Green Electricity Authority: http://www.oem-ag.at/Law/index.html

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1.2 Belgium
Further info about Belgium:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet:: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_belgium_en.pdf
- Legislation, Ministry of Economy, SMEs, independent Professions and Energy: http://mineco.fgov.be/energy/renewable_energy/sun/legal_fr.htm

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1.2.1 Flanders
Further info about Flanders:
- Legislation, Flemish Energy Agency: http://www.energiesparen.be/node/17

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1.2.2 Wallonia

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1.2.3 Brussels
Belgium Wind offshore is supported at federal level (CEC 2008).

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1.3 Bulgaria

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Further info about Bulgaria:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: Apuntes iniciales Certificados de origen.doc
- Energy Profile Bulgaria: http://www.energyagency.at/(de)/enercee/bg/index.htm
- State Energy and Water Regulatory Commission: http://www.dker.bg

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1.4 Cyprus
Further info about Cyprus:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet:: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_cyprus_en.pdf
- Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism: www.mcit.gov.cy
- Cyprus Institute for Energy: http://www.cie.org.cy

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1.5 Czech Republic

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Further info about Czech Republic:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_czech_republic_en.pdf
- Energy Profile Czech Republic: http://www.energyagency.at/(de)/enercee/cz/
- Energy Regulatory Office (ERU): http://www.eru.cz/user_data/files/english/Price%20decision/CR8_2008en.pdf
- Prague Energy Exchange Monthly Statistics: http://www.pxe.cz/dokument.aspx?k=Statistics

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1.6 Denmark

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Further info about Denmark:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_denmark_en.pdf
- Overview of support schemes in DK: http://www.ens.dk

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1.7 Estonia
Further info about Estonia:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_estonia_en.pdf
- Energy Profile Estonia: http://www.energyagency.at/(de)/enercee/est/index.htm
· Electricity Market Act: http://www.eti.gov.ee/?id=11925

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1.8 Finland
* prices include VAT. 2008 was a year with relatively high electricity prices in Finland; According to Finnish Energy Industry
Further info about Finland:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet:: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_finland_en.pdf
- Energy Year 2008 Electricity: http://www.energia.fi/en/news/energy%20year%202008%20electricity.html
- Promotion of Renewable Energy in Finland, Ministry of Employment and Economy 2008: Presentation available on request at info@eref-europe.org

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1.9 France

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Further info about France:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_france_en.pdf
- Renwables energies: http://www.industrie.gouv.fr/energie/renou/f1e_ren.htm

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1.10 Germany

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The WBCSD (2010) reports that government ministers have agreed to make double digit cuts to solar feed-in tariffs (FITs)
Further info about Germany:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_germany_en.pdf
- Gesetze und Verordnungen: http://erneuerbare-energien.de/inhalt/4596/

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1.11 Greece

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Further info about Greece:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_greece_en.pdf

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1.12 Hungary

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Further info about Hungary:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_hungary_en.pdf
- Energy Profile Hungary: http://www.energyagency.at/enercee/hu/

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1.13 Ireland

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Further info about Ireland:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_ireland_en.pdf
- Policy support mechanisms: http://www.sei.ie/index.asp?locID=1213&docID=-1

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1.14 Italy

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Italy : Feed-in tariff system for photovoltaic was introduced in August 2005 (CEC 2008)
Further info about Italy:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_italy_en.pdf
- RECS Certificates : http://www.grtn.it/eng/Renewables/RECSCertificates.asp
- GSE: www.gse.it/attivita/ContoEnergiaF/servizi/Pagine/NuovoContoEnergia.aspx?Idp=1&Anno=&SortField=Created&SortDir=DESC
- Gestore del Mercato Elettrico: www.mercatoelettrico.org
- Riferimenti Normativi : http://www.autorita.energia.it/docs/riferimenti/elettricita.htm

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1.15 Latvia

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Latvia Frequent policy changes and the short duration of guaranteed feed-in tariffs have resulted in high investment uncertainty. Main policy instrument
reformed in 2007, maintaining the basic structure of the scheme. (CEC 2008)
Further info about Latvia:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_latvia_en.pdf
- Energy Profile Latvia: http://www.energyagency.at/enercee/lv/

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1.16 Lithuania
Further info about Lithuania:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_lithuania_en.pdf
- Energy Profile Lithuania: http://www.energyagency.at/enercee/lt/

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1.17 Luxemburg
Further info about Luxemburg:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_luxembourg_en.pdf
- Legislation nationale : http://www.ilr.public.lu/electricite/legislation/legis_nat/index.html

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1.18 Malta
Further info about Malta:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_malta_en.pdf
- Support schemes to promote energy efficiency and RE: http://www.mra.org.mt/Support%20Schemes.shtml

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1.19 Netherlands

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Netherlands Premiums payments abruptly abolished in August 2006 (CEC 2008). In October 2007 the government published a new regulation for a feed-in
premium for RE (SDE) (Leonardo Energy 2009). The previous tax incentive was at least in part been replaced by the FIT system Kautto (2005).
Further info about Netherlands:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_netherlands_en.pdf
- SenterNovem: http://www.senternovem.nl/sde/index.asp

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1.20 Poland

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Poland. TGCs introduced from end 2005 plus renewables are exempted from the (small) excise tax- Obligation on electricity suppliers with targets specified
from 2005 to 2010. Penalties for non-compliance were defined in 2004, but were not sufficiently enforced until end of 2005. It was indicated that from 2006 on
the penalty will be enforced. (CEC 2008). Imported GoOs are said not to be allowed to fulfil the obligation (Poputoaia & Fripp 2008)
Further info about Poland:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_poland_en.pdf
- Energy Profile Poland: http://www.energyagency.at/(de)/enercee/pl/index.htm
- Polish Power Exchange – Market Results: http://www.polpx.pl/main.php?index=1&show=38&lang=en

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1.21 Portugal
Further info about Portugal:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_portugal_en.pdf

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1.22 Rumania
Ilustración 1- Algunas combinaciones posibles actores/ servicios (Elaboración propia)
Romania. Quota obligation with TGC since May 2005. For the period 2005-2012, the annual maximum and minimum value for Green
Certificates trading is 24 Euro/certificate, respective 42 Euro/certificate (CEC 2008) -contradictory with info above.
Further info about Romania:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_romania_en.pdf
- Market for Green Certificates: http://www.opcom.ro/portal/content.aspx?lang=EN&item=2165
- Energy Profile Romania: http://www.energyagency.at/enercee/ro/

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1.23 Slovak Republic

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Further info about Slovak Republic:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_slovak_republic_en.pdf
- Energy Profile Slovak Republic: http://www.energyagency.at/enercee/sk/index.htm

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1.24 Slovenia
Further info about Slovenia:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_slovenia_en.pdf
- Energy Profile Slovenia: http://www.energyagency.at/enercee/slo/
- Executive regulations: http://www.agen-rs.si/en/informacija.asp?id_meta_type=29&id_informacija=787
- Support electricity from RES (2009):
www.mg.gov.si/si/delovna_podrocja/energetika/sektor_za_razvoj_energetike/nova_podporna_shema_proizvodnji_elektricne_enrgije_iz_ove_in_spte/

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1.25 Spain

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Further info about Spain:
- Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_spain_en.pdf
- Legislacion del Sector Electrico: www.cne.es/cne/Legislacion?id_nodo=34&&accion=0&id_materia=5&keyword=&auditoria=F#a4
- Market Results: http://www.omel.es/frames/es/resultados/resultados_index.htm

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1.26 Sweden
Fortum, a major Swedish electricity operator, supports and is involved in the developmet of RECS Intl. goals (Fortum 2008)
Sweden. For wind energy, investment incentives and a small environmental bonus are available (CEC 2008).

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1.27 United Kingdom

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UK. Obligation target increases to 2015, guaranteed to remain until 2027. Buy-out fund is recycled back to suppliers in proportion to the number of TGCs they
hold. A tax exemption for electricity generated from RES is available (Levy Exemption Certificates, exemption from CC Levy) (CEC 2008).
Last e-ROC auction results, completed 19 January 2010: average price £46.25 (around 60,000 ROCs purchased). Precious auction October 2009; average £
45.52). Small number of ROCs did not meet their reserve price and were therefore not sold. For period 1st April 2009 to 31st March 2010, obligation on
electricity suppliers is 9.7% and the Buy-Out Price per MWh is £37.19 (E-Roc 2010).

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Electricity suppliers in the UK may choose whether or not to meet their RES E quota. They can buy out of their obligation by paying a fixed sum for each
MWh for which they cannot present a ROC (TGC name in the UK) Cost can be passed on to customers. The money thus collected by OFGEM (UK gas and
electricity market regulator) is returned to all parties who present ROCs to OFGEM during the same period (Poputoaia and Fripp 2008).
Official release in summer 2009: the British new system will also introduce a tariff for Combined Heat & Power (CHP), specific tariff for small solar PV systems
on new homes, and a separate tariff for existing homes (EREF 2009). There are public calls for more ambitious FITs schemes for homes, businesses and
communities (FOE 2010).

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