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   By : Alekhya Ravi and Kinza Ahmed     Calligraphy in the Islamic   World By: Alekhya Ravi and Kinza Ahmed
Table of Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Table of Contents
[object Object],There are different types of cultural calligraphy, but we are going to talk about the Islamic or Arabic Calligraphy. Islamic Calligraphy is actually found in the holly book of Muslims , called the “Quran”. Calligraphy for Muslims is the highest level of all arts. Each character drawn in the picture represents something maybe like, harmony, melody or beauty.  We will also learn about how, when and where it got started. It is a beautiful art which is hand drawn using special equipment. You will then be given a work sheet which is related to this PowerPoint. If you have any  questions please ask us after  our presentation. Introduction
[object Object],  Islamic  Calligraphy is the art of  writing Arabic scripts using Arabic alphabets.  Calligraphy means “ Beautiful Writing”, in  Greek.  Arabic Calligraphy writing looks almost  similar to normal  Arabic writing, but  it is written  in decorative ways.  It is decorated  on coins, weapons, tiles,  buildings  and manuscripts.  This Calligraphy started  in the stone age because  it finds its origins in cave paintings.  It was used form all over the world. In Islamic Calligraphy, proverbs and full paragraphs, from the Qur'an, are still active for Islamic Culture. There are also different styles of Arabic Calligraphy which will be discussed in the next slide.      Calligraphy
[object Object],There are twenty styles of calligraphy. The 'kufic or Kufi script' is the most  popular type because it was mostly used in the  Qur’an and it became popular in the  10th century. People knew about  this script before but it wasn't developed  properly. Some other styles are  Nash or Naskihi, Tulut,Tawqi, Riqa,  Muhaqqaq, Rihani or Rayhani ,  Diwani and more. Calligraphy can be  done on different mediums. Mediums are  the type of flat surfaces you will use to write on and based on that  you can choose the size, and the stronger qalam.  Different styles in Islamic Calligraphy
   The Calligraphy  uses a reed pen  called a qalam  in Arabic.  It is pointed with a  cut on an angle . That provides a thick down stroke  and a  thin upstroke while writing. Calligraphy was written on parchment or papyrus, a type of  paper from  Egypt. This type of paper was cheaper , more abundant and it was easy to cut and the color would stay   better. The calligraphy ink is mostly found in different colors. Most of the colors are waterproof. But ink should not be used in a fountain pen. The best reed pens came from the Persian Gulf region, and that was one of the valued trading objects in the Islamic World .  Equipment for this Art
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What  is  written  in the Calligraphy
[object Object],The wonderful work of Calligraphy can be seen on Gilaf - E- Khana – Kaaba. Nowadays they just call it Khana Ka’aba. Khana-E-Kaba has six Surah-e-Ikhlas which are quranic Aayats, which are written separately on square shapes in Islamic Calligraphy. They used gold in the writing of Calligraphy. It is located in Makkah.  
 
Calligraphy is mostly found in Ottoman and Turkey. They both ruled over the Islamic empire, which  played an important task in the improvement of Calligraphic art. Most valuable and creative work was produced or written on mosques, schools, shops and other public places which are still alive and visible. It exists in different attractive forms of Arabic calligraphy and shows strong support of art to the religion.  Where are these arts found in the Islamic World?
The six cursive scripts, al-qalam-al- sitha, were made or written by Ibn Muqla . It was then developed and was made in an advanced form by his inheritor Ibn al- Bawwab and Yaqut al Mustacsimi. We exactly don’t know who started Arabic Calligraphy because it was used in the stone age and of course that’s a long time ago. These are just some of the writers who made few of the Arabic styles but there are lots more and we don’t know who made it ? It’s unknown !
The spread of this  amazing art all followed by the death of   Prophet Mohammed (P.B.U.H.) which was  shown in an artistic method. This variety  of art spread into countries were ever  Islamic belief existed and was alive.  It spread from Africa to Egypt  and then from Spain to Persia,  and that’s how the power of  the art got stronger  every time it spread.  Islamic calligraphy  then developed slowly with a single merge of assorted art from the Byzantines, Copts, Romans, and the Persians. How this art spread out across the world?
 
[object Object],Questionnaire ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Questionnaire Cont . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bibliography
The End

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Islamic Calligraphy

  • 1.   By : Alekhya Ravi and Kinza Ahmed    Calligraphy in the Islamic World By: Alekhya Ravi and Kinza Ahmed
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.   The Calligraphy uses a reed pen called a qalam in Arabic. It is pointed with a cut on an angle . That provides a thick down stroke and a thin upstroke while writing. Calligraphy was written on parchment or papyrus, a type of paper from Egypt. This type of paper was cheaper , more abundant and it was easy to cut and the color would stay better. The calligraphy ink is mostly found in different colors. Most of the colors are waterproof. But ink should not be used in a fountain pen. The best reed pens came from the Persian Gulf region, and that was one of the valued trading objects in the Islamic World . Equipment for this Art
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.  
  • 10. Calligraphy is mostly found in Ottoman and Turkey. They both ruled over the Islamic empire, which played an important task in the improvement of Calligraphic art. Most valuable and creative work was produced or written on mosques, schools, shops and other public places which are still alive and visible. It exists in different attractive forms of Arabic calligraphy and shows strong support of art to the religion. Where are these arts found in the Islamic World?
  • 11. The six cursive scripts, al-qalam-al- sitha, were made or written by Ibn Muqla . It was then developed and was made in an advanced form by his inheritor Ibn al- Bawwab and Yaqut al Mustacsimi. We exactly don’t know who started Arabic Calligraphy because it was used in the stone age and of course that’s a long time ago. These are just some of the writers who made few of the Arabic styles but there are lots more and we don’t know who made it ? It’s unknown !
  • 12. The spread of this amazing art all followed by the death of  Prophet Mohammed (P.B.U.H.) which was shown in an artistic method. This variety of art spread into countries were ever Islamic belief existed and was alive. It spread from Africa to Egypt and then from Spain to Persia, and that’s how the power of the art got stronger every time it spread. Islamic calligraphy then developed slowly with a single merge of assorted art from the Byzantines, Copts, Romans, and the Persians. How this art spread out across the world?
  • 13.  
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.