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‫چکیده‬:
‫مح‬‫یط‬‫مانند‬ ‫خیز‬ ‫گیاه‬ ‫آبی‬ ‫های‬‫تاالب‬‫ها‬‫نقش‬‫در‬ ‫مهمی‬‫اکولوژ‬‫ی‬‫این‬‫کنند‬ ‫می‬ ‫ایفا‬ ‫ناحیه‬.‫ی‬‫که‬ ‫هایی‬ ‫پدیده‬ ‫از‬ ‫کی‬
‫گیاه‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫منطقه‬ ‫و‬ ‫گیاهی‬ ‫منطقه‬ ‫بین‬‫آفتاب‬ ‫تابش‬ ‫علت‬ ‫به‬‫باد‬ ‫وزش‬ ‫یا‬ ‫و‬‫آب‬ ‫در‬ ‫حرارتی‬ ‫گرادیان‬ ‫ایجاد‬ ‫باعث‬ ‫که‬
‫تبادلی‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫افتد‬ ‫می‬ ‫اتفاق‬ ،‫شود‬ ‫می‬1
‫وز‬ .‫باشد‬ ‫می‬‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫باد‬ ‫ش‬‫باعث‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫ین‬‫نتیجه‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫سطحی‬ ‫تبخیر‬ ‫فرآیند‬
‫س‬ ‫روی‬ ‫بر‬ ‫چگال‬ ‫و‬ ‫سرد‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫یک‬ ‫ایجاد‬‫تبادلی‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫وجود‬ .‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫آب‬ ‫طح‬‫آبی‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫بزرگی‬ ‫و‬‫خی‬ ‫گیاه‬‫ز‬
‫عواملی‬ ‫تاثیر‬ ‫تحت‬‫جمله‬ ‫از‬‫ش‬ ‫ایجاد‬ ‫حرارتی‬ ‫گرادیان‬ ‫شدت‬ ،‫گیاهی‬ ‫منطقه‬ ‫تراکم‬ ‫و‬‫آب‬ ‫در‬ ‫ده‬.‫باشد‬ ‫می‬
‫این‬ ‫در‬‫نامه‬ ‫پایان‬‫هیدرودینامیکی‬ ‫خصوصیات‬ ‫بر‬ ‫شناور‬ ‫گیاهان‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫آزمایش‬ ‫سری‬ ‫یک‬ ‫انجام‬ ‫با‬ ‫تا‬ ‫است‬ ‫آن‬ ‫هدف‬
‫تولید‬ ‫جریانات‬‫سطح‬ ‫شدن‬ ‫سرد‬ ‫پدیده‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫در‬ ‫شده‬2
.‫شود‬ ‫تعیین‬‫این‬ ‫در‬،‫آزمایشات‬‫مولفه‬،‫گیاهی‬ ‫پوشش‬ ‫درصد‬
‫شناور‬ ‫گیاهان‬ ‫عمق‬‫است‬ ‫بوده‬ ‫متغیر‬ ‫برودتی‬ ‫شار‬ ‫و‬.‫تصویر‬ ‫پردازش‬ ‫تکنیک‬ ‫از‬ ‫تحقیق‬ ‫این‬ ‫در‬3PIV‫تعیین‬ ‫برای‬
‫عمق‬ ‫در‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫سرعت‬ ‫نمودار‬‫گیاهی‬ ‫منطقه‬ ‫پسای‬ ‫که‬ ‫شد‬ ‫مشخص‬ ‫آزمایشات‬ ‫این‬ ‫انجام‬ ‫با‬ .‫است‬ ‫شده‬ ‫استفاده‬
‫تبادل‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫بر‬ ‫موثر‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫مهمترین‬‫هنگامیکه‬ ‫همچنین‬ .‫باشد‬ ‫می‬ ‫ی‬‫گیاهی‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫عمق‬‫به‬ ‫نفوذی‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫باشد‬ ‫کم‬
‫گی‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫زیر‬‫عمق‬ ‫هرچه‬ ‫و‬ ‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫منتقل‬ ‫اهی‬‫الیه‬‫گ‬‫یاهی‬‫به‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫این‬ ‫یابد‬ ‫افزایش‬‫حرکت‬ ‫گیاهی‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫داخل‬
.‫کند‬ ‫می‬
‫نتایج‬ ‫و‬ ‫شد‬ ‫انجام‬ ‫آزمایشاتی‬ ‫کالیبراسیون‬ ‫ظرف‬ ‫در‬ ‫حرارت‬ ‫انتقال‬ ‫چگونگی‬ ‫بررسی‬ ‫منظور‬ ‫به‬‫آزمایشگاهی‬‫نتایج‬ ‫با‬
‫و‬ ‫ازمایشگاهی‬ ‫نتایج‬ ‫بین‬ ‫خوبی‬ ً‫ا‬‫نسبت‬ ‫تطابق‬ ‫که‬ ‫شد‬ ‫مشاهده‬ .‫گرفت‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫مقایسه‬ ‫مورد‬ ‫بنیادی‬ ‫حل‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحلیلی‬ ‫حل‬
‫وجو‬ ‫آزمایشات‬ ‫اکثر‬ ‫در‬ ‫بنیادی‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحلیلی‬.‫دارد‬ ‫د‬
:‫کلیدی‬ ‫کلمات‬،‫باد‬ ‫وزش‬ ،‫تبادلی‬ ‫جریان‬،‫سطح‬ ‫سرمایش‬،‫سطحی‬ ‫تبخیر‬،‫شناور‬ ‫گیاهان‬‫آزمایشگا‬ ‫سازی‬ ‫مدل‬،‫هی‬
‫بنیادی‬ ‫حل‬ ،‫تحلیلی‬ ‫حل‬.
Exchange flow1
Surface cooling2
Particle Image Velocimetry3
Abstract
The aquatic canopy areas such as wetlands play an important role in ecology of these area.
The exchange flow between open water and vegetated area occurs due to sunlight and surface
cooling. Wind also causes surface evaporation and create a cold layer at the top surface of water.
The creation of exchange flow and its magnitude depends on parameters like solid volume fraction
and thermal gradient.
In this thesis, the goal is to determine the effects of floating vegetation on the hydrodynamic
characteristics of exchange flow as a result of surface cooling. In this experiments parameters of
solid volume fraction, depth of floating vegetation and heat negative flux have been diverse. In
this research, the PIV method was used to measure velocity profiles. It is found that the drag
canopy area is the most important factor affecting the exchange flow. When root depth is small,
the intrusion flow transfers to beneath of the root layer and when the root depth increases, the
intrusion flow moves into the root layer.
The experiments was performed for investigation of the heat transfer in calibration tank. Then,
the experimental results was compared to the analytical and the fundamental results. There is a
good likeness between above-mentioned outcomes in further experiments.
Keywords: Exchange flow, Wind, Surface cooling, Surface evaporation, Floating
vegetation, Experimental model, Analytical solution, Fundamental Solution.

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چکیده

  • 1. ‫چکیده‬: ‫مح‬‫یط‬‫مانند‬ ‫خیز‬ ‫گیاه‬ ‫آبی‬ ‫های‬‫تاالب‬‫ها‬‫نقش‬‫در‬ ‫مهمی‬‫اکولوژ‬‫ی‬‫این‬‫کنند‬ ‫می‬ ‫ایفا‬ ‫ناحیه‬.‫ی‬‫که‬ ‫هایی‬ ‫پدیده‬ ‫از‬ ‫کی‬ ‫گیاه‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫منطقه‬ ‫و‬ ‫گیاهی‬ ‫منطقه‬ ‫بین‬‫آفتاب‬ ‫تابش‬ ‫علت‬ ‫به‬‫باد‬ ‫وزش‬ ‫یا‬ ‫و‬‫آب‬ ‫در‬ ‫حرارتی‬ ‫گرادیان‬ ‫ایجاد‬ ‫باعث‬ ‫که‬ ‫تبادلی‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫افتد‬ ‫می‬ ‫اتفاق‬ ،‫شود‬ ‫می‬1 ‫وز‬ .‫باشد‬ ‫می‬‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫باد‬ ‫ش‬‫باعث‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫ین‬‫نتیجه‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫سطحی‬ ‫تبخیر‬ ‫فرآیند‬ ‫س‬ ‫روی‬ ‫بر‬ ‫چگال‬ ‫و‬ ‫سرد‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫یک‬ ‫ایجاد‬‫تبادلی‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫وجود‬ .‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫آب‬ ‫طح‬‫آبی‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫بزرگی‬ ‫و‬‫خی‬ ‫گیاه‬‫ز‬ ‫عواملی‬ ‫تاثیر‬ ‫تحت‬‫جمله‬ ‫از‬‫ش‬ ‫ایجاد‬ ‫حرارتی‬ ‫گرادیان‬ ‫شدت‬ ،‫گیاهی‬ ‫منطقه‬ ‫تراکم‬ ‫و‬‫آب‬ ‫در‬ ‫ده‬.‫باشد‬ ‫می‬ ‫این‬ ‫در‬‫نامه‬ ‫پایان‬‫هیدرودینامیکی‬ ‫خصوصیات‬ ‫بر‬ ‫شناور‬ ‫گیاهان‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫آزمایش‬ ‫سری‬ ‫یک‬ ‫انجام‬ ‫با‬ ‫تا‬ ‫است‬ ‫آن‬ ‫هدف‬ ‫تولید‬ ‫جریانات‬‫سطح‬ ‫شدن‬ ‫سرد‬ ‫پدیده‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫در‬ ‫شده‬2 .‫شود‬ ‫تعیین‬‫این‬ ‫در‬،‫آزمایشات‬‫مولفه‬،‫گیاهی‬ ‫پوشش‬ ‫درصد‬ ‫شناور‬ ‫گیاهان‬ ‫عمق‬‫است‬ ‫بوده‬ ‫متغیر‬ ‫برودتی‬ ‫شار‬ ‫و‬.‫تصویر‬ ‫پردازش‬ ‫تکنیک‬ ‫از‬ ‫تحقیق‬ ‫این‬ ‫در‬3PIV‫تعیین‬ ‫برای‬ ‫عمق‬ ‫در‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫سرعت‬ ‫نمودار‬‫گیاهی‬ ‫منطقه‬ ‫پسای‬ ‫که‬ ‫شد‬ ‫مشخص‬ ‫آزمایشات‬ ‫این‬ ‫انجام‬ ‫با‬ .‫است‬ ‫شده‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫تبادل‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫بر‬ ‫موثر‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫مهمترین‬‫هنگامیکه‬ ‫همچنین‬ .‫باشد‬ ‫می‬ ‫ی‬‫گیاهی‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫عمق‬‫به‬ ‫نفوذی‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫باشد‬ ‫کم‬ ‫گی‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫زیر‬‫عمق‬ ‫هرچه‬ ‫و‬ ‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫منتقل‬ ‫اهی‬‫الیه‬‫گ‬‫یاهی‬‫به‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫این‬ ‫یابد‬ ‫افزایش‬‫حرکت‬ ‫گیاهی‬ ‫الیه‬ ‫داخل‬ .‫کند‬ ‫می‬ ‫نتایج‬ ‫و‬ ‫شد‬ ‫انجام‬ ‫آزمایشاتی‬ ‫کالیبراسیون‬ ‫ظرف‬ ‫در‬ ‫حرارت‬ ‫انتقال‬ ‫چگونگی‬ ‫بررسی‬ ‫منظور‬ ‫به‬‫آزمایشگاهی‬‫نتایج‬ ‫با‬ ‫و‬ ‫ازمایشگاهی‬ ‫نتایج‬ ‫بین‬ ‫خوبی‬ ً‫ا‬‫نسبت‬ ‫تطابق‬ ‫که‬ ‫شد‬ ‫مشاهده‬ .‫گرفت‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫مقایسه‬ ‫مورد‬ ‫بنیادی‬ ‫حل‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحلیلی‬ ‫حل‬ ‫وجو‬ ‫آزمایشات‬ ‫اکثر‬ ‫در‬ ‫بنیادی‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحلیلی‬.‫دارد‬ ‫د‬ :‫کلیدی‬ ‫کلمات‬،‫باد‬ ‫وزش‬ ،‫تبادلی‬ ‫جریان‬،‫سطح‬ ‫سرمایش‬،‫سطحی‬ ‫تبخیر‬،‫شناور‬ ‫گیاهان‬‫آزمایشگا‬ ‫سازی‬ ‫مدل‬،‫هی‬ ‫بنیادی‬ ‫حل‬ ،‫تحلیلی‬ ‫حل‬. Exchange flow1 Surface cooling2 Particle Image Velocimetry3
  • 2. Abstract The aquatic canopy areas such as wetlands play an important role in ecology of these area. The exchange flow between open water and vegetated area occurs due to sunlight and surface cooling. Wind also causes surface evaporation and create a cold layer at the top surface of water. The creation of exchange flow and its magnitude depends on parameters like solid volume fraction and thermal gradient. In this thesis, the goal is to determine the effects of floating vegetation on the hydrodynamic characteristics of exchange flow as a result of surface cooling. In this experiments parameters of solid volume fraction, depth of floating vegetation and heat negative flux have been diverse. In this research, the PIV method was used to measure velocity profiles. It is found that the drag canopy area is the most important factor affecting the exchange flow. When root depth is small, the intrusion flow transfers to beneath of the root layer and when the root depth increases, the intrusion flow moves into the root layer. The experiments was performed for investigation of the heat transfer in calibration tank. Then, the experimental results was compared to the analytical and the fundamental results. There is a good likeness between above-mentioned outcomes in further experiments. Keywords: Exchange flow, Wind, Surface cooling, Surface evaporation, Floating vegetation, Experimental model, Analytical solution, Fundamental Solution.