1. The Cone of Experience

2. •The Cone of Experience is a visual
model, a pictorial device that presents
bands of experience arranged
according to degree of abstraction and
not a degree of difficulty. The farther
you go from the bottom of the cone,
the more abstract the experience
becomes.

3. The different kinds of sensory aid
often overlap and sometimes
blend into one another. Motion
pictures can be silent or they can
combine sight and sound. Students
may merely view a demonstration
or they may view it then
participate in it.

4. One kind of sensory experience
is not necessarily more
educationally useful than another.
Sensory experiences are mixed and
interrelated.

5. Too much reliance on concrete
experiences may actually obstruct the
process of meaningful generalization.
The best will be striking a balance
between concrete and abstract, direct
participation and symbolic expression
for the learning that will continue
throughout life.

6. Bands of Experience

7. Direct purposeful experience
-First hand experience which
serves as the foundation of our
learning.
-it is learning by doing.

8. Contrived experiences
-we make use of representative
models or mock ups of reality for
practical reasons and so that we
can make the real-life accessible to
the students’ perceptions and
understanding.

9. Dramatized experience
-we can participate in a
reconstructed experiences, even
though the original event is far
removed from us in time.

10. Demonstration
-it is a visualized explanation of an
important fact, idea or process by
the use of photographs, drawings,
films, displays, or guided motions.

11. Study trips
-are excursions and visits
conducted to observe an event
that is unavailable within the
classroom.

12. Exhibits
-are displays to be seen by
spectators. They may consist of
working models arranged
meaningfully or photographs with
models, charts, and posters.
-sometimes exhibits are “for your
eyes only”.

13. Television and motion
pictures
-can reconstruct the reality of the
past so effectively that we are
made to feel we are there.

14. Still pictures, recordings,
radio
-are visual and auditory devices
may be used by an individual or a
group.
-still pictures lack the sound and
motion of the sound film.

15. Visual symbols
-are no longer realistic
reproduction of physical things for
these are highly abstract
representations.

16. Verbal symbols
-are not like the objects or ideas
for which they stand.
-they usually do not contain visual
clues to their meaning.