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OrchiD Standards Guide
1. The CEN ORCHID Roadmap
Standardising Information in the
Plant Engineering Supply Chain
Implementation Guide
2. Contents
Overview Page 1
Key Implementation Steps for Information Standardisation Page 2
STEP 1: Page 2
Understand key standardisation principles and the information standards relevant to
the business
STEP 2:
Assess the company’s position on the CEN ORCHID Roadmap Page 5
STEP 3:
Establish realistic targets for where the company wants to be on the CEN Page 7
ORCHID Roadmap
STEP 4:
Plan and implement improvement measures Page 8
Quick Wins Page 8
ORCHID Contacts Page 9
3. The CEN ORCHID Roadmap | Implementation Guide
Overview
The ORCHID (Orchestration of Industrial Data) Group is a • More reliable plants
network of European companies and consortia dedicated to • Improved safety and environmental performance
standardising information across the process industry engineering
• Faster time to market
supply chain to build competitive advantage.
• Lower costs
This document is a simple guide for companies on how to
• Greater flexibility
standardise and exchange plant engineering information.
It aims to help companies achieve the following benefits of The overall goal is to progress the industry toward the
standardisation: following vision of “interoperability”:
“Companies in process industries shall be able to share and/or exchange
electronically the information needed to design, build, operate and maintain
process and power plants using internationally accepted standards.”
The key implementation steps are:
STEP 1
Understand key standardisation principles and the information standards
relevant to the business
STEP 2
Assess the company’s position on the CEN ORCHID Roadmap
STEP 3
Establish realistic targets for where the company wants to be on the CEN
ORCHID Roadmap
STEP 4
Plan and implement improvement measures
The practical steps outlined in this document are based directly on the CEN ORCHID Roadmap, which is described
in detail on the CEN website.
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4. Step 1 Understand Key Standardisation
Principles and Information Standards
Relevant to your Business
Key Principle 1: Agree and Document Core Internal that are usually exchanged at each stage of activity across
Business Activities and Processes the plant lifecycle.
Companies need to codify and standardise internal business
Once this is done, companies can consult the CEN ORCHID
activities and processes as the first step towards standardising
Landscape of Information Standards to identify the relevant,
information for exchange internally and externally. This step alone
internationally accepted standards to use at each stage of the
drives significant cost reduction and efficiency improvements
PISTEP Activity Model. Companies, application developers,
before any information standardisation activity is undertaken.
service developers and standards development groups, are
The CEN ORCHID Group recommends the PISTEP Activity encouraged to use existing standards to prevent proliferation
Model in Figure 1 below to help identify the information types of standards and reduce complexity (see Key Principle 2).
Process Plant Engineering Activity Model
Safety & Environment Case
MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
REGULATORY
SET ENGINEERING PRODUCE & MAINTAIN CONTROL OPERATIONS OBTAIN
POLICY & FEASIBILITY & & ENGINEERING AGREEMENT WITH BODIES
STANDARDS FINANCIAL CASE ACTIVITIES REGULATORY BODIES
Regulatory Requirements Authorizations
Process Definition Performance Requirements As Built Drawings Plant Status
Control Philosophy Operating Procedures Operating Procedures Ground Drains Status
Costs, Benefits & Timings
Operating Conditions Acceptance Test results Safety Case
Safety / Regulatory Requirements
Alarm / Trip Settings Handover Certificate As Built & As Modified Drawings
Safety and Environment Case
PRODUCE
PRODUCE DETAILED COMMISSION PROCESS OPERATE DECOMMISSION
CONCEPTUAL
PROCESS DESIGN & HANDOVER PLANT PLANT PLANT
PROCESS DESIGN
Process Stream Data Detailed Process Design Engineering Work Requests
As Built Drawings Plant Status
Process Flow Diagrams Availability Requirements Working Conditions Requirements
Equipment Commissioning Procedures Plant Records
Costs, Benefits & Timings
Safety Systems Specifications Equipment Operating Procedures Engineering Work Permits Inspection Requirements
Operating Procedures Inspection & Testing Records Acceptance of Engineering Work Regulatory Approvals
Codes & Standards Handover Certification
As Built Drawings
Inspection Requirements
As Built Equipment Specifications State of Equipment
Preliminary Engineering Design Work Permit Requests
Detailed Engineering Design Spares Lists Value of Equipment
Engineering Philosophies Notification of Work
Equipment Procedures Installation Procedures Equipment Records
Availability Requirements Completion
Vendor Drawings Maintenance Procedures
Cost & Time Estimates
Spares Lists Inspection Results
Safety / Regulatory Requirements
Unfinished Work Details
Codes & Standards
CONSTRUCT &
PRODUCE DETAILED MAINTAIN DEMOLISH PLANT &
PRODUCE CONCEPTUAL PRE-COMMISSION
ENGINEERING DESIGN EQUIPMENT RESTORE SITE
ENGINEERING PLANT
DESIGN
Materials & Equipment Materials & Equipment
Requirements & Specifications Delivery Dates Requirements & Specifications
Delivery Dates
Materials & Equipment Required on Site Dates Vendor Drawings Required on Site Dates
Vendor Drawings
Requirements & Certification
Certification
Specifications Equipment Procedures
Equipment Procedures
Required on Site Dates Equipment Procedures Equipment & Materials Disposal Records
Equipment & Materials Catalogues
Inspection Results Delivery Dates Catalogues Restoration Records
Inspection Results
Shipping Details Vendor Drawings Handover Records
Shipping Details
Payment Details Certification Final Regulatory Approvals
Equipment & Materials Catalogues
Invoices
SUPPLIERS
& PROCURE & CONTROL EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS & SERVICES ENGINEERING DESIGN
FABRICATORS
Figure 1: PISTEP Plant Engineering Activity Model.
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5. The CEN ORCHID Roadmap | Implementation Guide
The CEN ORCHID Landscape of Information Standards also provides a framework of categories for the different types of standard
required (see Figure 2). The concept standards deal primarily with basic modelling of data as well as services and interfaces
for data handling. The content standards allow users to identify, classify, model and exchange information about objects and
products in the plant life cycle. All these standards produce their own terminology. It is important that all of this terminology
that is used within a company or within an industry community is based on a common dictionary to ensure interoperability.
A: Management Activity Standards e.g. System Engineering, Quality, Configuration
B: Concept Terminology C: Content Terminology
F: Transactions/Process
E: Basic
Modelling
G1: Product G2: Product
Standards Definition Specification
D: e.g. ISO, IES, Models Models
Infrastructure W3C.
Standards Includes
Exchange
H: Classification
Formats
e.g. XML
I: Identification
Figure 2: The CEN ORCHID Landscape of Information Standards Framework.
Key Principle 2 - Always Use Internationally Accepted Key Principle 3 - Agree on a Standardised Dictionary
Standards Where They Exist of Classes
It is critical that, wherever possible, companies must use Companies must agree a standardised dictionary of classes
internationally accepted standards. There are more than 50 to ensure that specification and definitions used in internal and
standards in use in the process and power industries and external data exchanges are completely unambiguous. This is
many more proprietary and company standards. It is therefore particularly important because:
prudent for companies to adopt common standards in use
• Terminologies and definitions vary widely both within
rather than apply their own.
companies and externally
To identify the right standard, companies are encouraged to • Rigorous precision is needed to ensure the integrity and
consult the CEN ORCHID Landscape of Information Standards. efficiency of assets
• Most exchanges today are digital, which means that data
In cases where no standards exist, companies should first can only be shared accurately if class definitions are identical
define the principles they will apply to augment standards to
• Mapping tables are often ineffective as one-to-one relationships
bridge the gap to an existing standard. Subsequently, these
are often impossible.
additions should be passed on to standards organisations to
This rationale also applies to Key Principles 4, 5, and 6 on the
help the industry progress towards common definitions.
content of information to be exchanged.
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6. Key Principle 4 - Agree Standardised to agree the collection of attributes for the class to be used
Attribute Definitions during the exchange of information. This is important because it
narrows the potential universe of attributes that can be applied
Once the dictionary of classes is agreed, the definitions of
to an equipment class, based on the way that a stakeholder
“attributes” linked to those classes must also be agreed. This
will use equipment.
means having common definitions for the dimensions and
properties of equipment. For example, this will include definitions Key Principle 7 - Agree on Additional Attributes for Use
for the capacity, throughput or maximum operating temperature by Stakeholders Across the Supply Chain
of a pump. The level of granularity for these attributes will vary Once small groupings of attributes are agreed (see Key Principle
depending on the ultimate purpose of the information being 6 above), it is also important for all other stakeholders to agree
exchanged, to ensure that technical and business needs are met. on the additional attributes they may require for their specific
Companies need to agree the appropriate level of granularity activities. In the pump example, when owner operators define
for attributes to ensure that the information exchanged is clear their needs for electrical drives, then electrical manufacturer
and meets needs, without being unnecessarily detailed. stakeholders need to agree their incremental attribute
requirements. Quite separately, steam turbine manufacturers
Key Principle 5 - Agree on Units of Measure will need to agree their incremental attributes. These sub-sets
There are great variations within companies and between of attributes can be integrated as required, rather than creating
companies, sectors, and even geographies in the way that units an unnecessarily large number of attributes from the outset.
of measure are used (mass, length and time). This results in
Key Principle 8 - Agree on a Standardised Delivery
unnecessary complexity and errors in information being shared.
Envelope for Exchanging Information
For example, capacity for a small pump may be measured in
litres/minute, whereas a large capacity pump is measured in After information content elements have been agreed, the
metres3 per hour. In many cases, units of measure appear almost information delivery envelope (also known as the “mechanism
identical, but are actually quite different. For example, in the for exchange”, or “hand-shake”) must be agreed. For example,
measurement of pressure, the use of absolute versus gauge companies or departments exchanging information need to
can easily be misinterpreted. It is therefore vital that units of decide whether they will both use XML for the exchange.
measure are standardised and agreed internally and externally.
It is important to note that complex IT systems are not
The key to preventing misunderstanding is to provide clarity essential for effective information exchange. Most IT systems
on what is requested/communicated, and to use common in use today have adequate functionality to accommodate
definitions/units of measure in the information exchange process. information exchange.
In summary, companies will need to move from a multiplicity of
Key Principle 6 - Agree on the Collection of Attributes
naming conventions and formats for information to common and
for the Class to be Used For Any Given Activity
integrated classifications for information, based on internationally
Once the attribute definitions are agreed, companies also need accepted standards.
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7. The CEN ORCHID Roadmap | Implementation Guide
Step 2 Assess the Company’s Position
on the CEN ORCHID Roadmap
The ORCHID Roadmap Information Maturity Model in Figure 3 below helps companies identify stages of progression
on information standardisation internally or externally.
X-1. ONE TO ONE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION
The exchange of information with external stakeholders
is structured on a case-by-case (one-to-one) basis.
X-2. CLOSED COMMUNITIES
A small group of organizations agree on a common,
but limited set of generic definitions, and exchange
information according to these rules.
X-3. OPEN COMMUNITIES
A high level of integration and standardisation of the
exchange of information is reached with
External participating stakeholders.
Information
Maturity X-4. MATURING SUPPLY CHAIN EXCHANGE
Levels
Many-to-many integration and a high degree
of collaboration is implemented, based on
internationally agreed standards.
Time
I-4. EXTERNAL PROCESS INTEGRATION
Focus on information sharing with external
stakeholders, and alignment of that information with
Internal internal processes.
Information
Maturity
I-3. INTERNAL PROCESS INTEGRATION
Levels
Integrates isolated work processes, reducing
information overlap, and thereby achieving the next
level of efficiency.
I-2. SUB PROCESS OPTIMISATION
Still focused on relatively isolated work processes,
but attempts to achieve efficiency by removing and
automating steps.
I-1. WORK PROCESS STANDARDISATION
Single repetitive processes within a certain group or
discipline are standardised.
Internal Company Standards International Standards
Figure 3: The ORCHID Roadmap Information Maturity Model.
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8. There are two aspects to assessing a company’s position. Companies should note that phases can and very often do
Firstly, identification of the one or more phases where the overlap in time. Some activities associated with a certain phase
company is operating on the Roadmap (see Figure 3). Secondly, are also prerequisites to the following phase. The maturity level
assessing the company’s progress or “maturity” within each associated with a phase is the subset of requirements of this
of the above phases. This is done by evaluating the company phase, which in turn needs to be fulfilled before the next phase
on the following five business dimensions as they apply to can reasonably be started.
management of information:
Please note: assessment of a company’s level on the Roadmap
• Business Processes and maturity within that level are qualitative and subjective
• Stretegic Alignment assessments, based on the knowledge of those involved. The
CEN ORCHID Roadmap phases and the maturity dimensions
• People and Organisation
are in fact part of a continuum. They are guideposts to support
• Plant Lifecycle Information progress, and should not be treated as having absolute
boundaries.
• ICT Technology & Infrastructure
See the tables on pages 6 and 7 for actions to drive improvements
in these areas within each phase.
Actions to Drive Information Maturity Improvements within Each Internal Phase
. INTERNAL Work Process External Process
Sub Process Internal Process
Standardisation Optimisation Integration Integration
BUSINESS Standardise processes Standardise company- Adopt a holistic approach Agree and align the
PROCESSES across a department. wide on best practice on company-wide information to be
business processes. best practice business exchanged, and the
process standardisation. process for exchanging it.
Optimise each process
and interrelationships.
STRATEGIC Agree and align the Complete standardisation Complete cross company Align classifications
ALIGNMENT information to be and classification standardisation and across the external
exchanged, and the activities for the domain. classification activities. interface and agree how
process for exchanging it. to deal with exceptions.
PEOPLE & Develop staff skills and Build capabilities for Ensure overall process Clearly define roles
ORGANISATION competencies required to process ownership and ownership, and and responsibilities for
implement processes. change management implement cross process internal and external
within the subprocess. governance processes. information management.
PLANT LIFECYCLE Define standards for one Adopt international Implement company- Publish internal
INFORMATION or more departments for and internal standards wide information rules for classifying
information, document at business unit quality management information. Classify
management. level, including some systems, and adoption of information according to
classification norms. classification systems. internationally accepted
Agree formats for some standards.
interdepartmental
information exchange.
ICT TECHNOLOGY & Provide a secure personal Develop IT application Establish a governing Provide secure
INFRASTRUCTURE computing infrastructure. governance structure body for IT applications. connections to external
Manage some work with per domain. Rationalise Integrate IT applications parties. Adopt application
IT systems securely. and standardise IT between domains. connectors to external
applications supporting exchange standards.
standard business
processes.
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9. The CEN ORCHID Roadmap | Implementation Guide
Actions to Drive Information Maturity Improvements Within Each External Phase
EXTERNAL One to One Exchange Closed Open Maturing Supply Chain
of Information Communities Communities Exchange
BUSINESS Accommodate/ Agree a common process Agree a common process Implement assurance
PROCESSES adjust processes and model for participating model and standard model for consistency of
operations for identified companies. Connect this contracts for participating processes used across
interoperability barriers common structure to the companies. Connect the supply chain.Ensure
on a case by case basis. entity specific process this common structure automated processes are
structure. to the entity specific in place for exchanging
process structure for all information according to
exchanges. international (or de-facto)
standards.
STRATEGIC Adopt policy and Agree a shared vision Agree a shared vision Agree a shared strategic
ALIGNMENT procedures to agree and policies between between participating vision across the supply
case by case information participating companies companies to manage chain on the use of
exchange. to manage information information exchange at internationally agreed
exchange at a project a company level. Ensure information standards.
level. Make incentive standard contracts are Ensure that work
based information in place. methods, procedures
exchange contracts. and contracts follow
international standards.
PEOPLE & Ensure skills are available Ensure relevant skills are Ensure relevant skills are Develop relevant
ORGANISATION to identify, define and available and mobilised available and mobilised knowledge and skills on
exchange information as to: to: internationally agreed
agreed contractually. information management
- Connect common - Connect common
standards, data quality
process models to process models to
and exchange processes.
internal processes. internal processes.
- Exchange information in - Exchange information in
closed communities. open communities.
PLANT LIFECYCLE Agree definition of Agree information Use agreed lifecycle data Use available
INFORMATION handover points case by standards to be used, standards to specify internationally agreed
case. and common, explicit standardised handover life cycle information
definitions of handover points and standardised standards to define and
points, and content for content across open dynamically exchange
each exchange. communities. all content. Ensure that
explicit status information
and provenance is
available for all content.
ICT TECHNOLOGY & Establish interoperability Use secure IT systems Use secure IT systems Use secure IT systems for
INFRASTRUCTURE by mapping to automate mapping to automate mapping automated exchange and/
corresponding input between input and output between input and output or mapping between input
and output files files using a meta-level files using a meta-level and output files using:
manually. Develop structure. Inconsistencies structure. Inconsistencies - A standardised meta-level
policy and infrastructure resolved by manual resolved by manual structure
to automate future interventions. interventions. - Internationally agreed
exchanges. standards
Inconsistencies resolved
automatically by validation
mechanism.
Step 3 Establish Realistic Targets for
Where the Company Wants To Be
Experience has shown that progression in a phase is a significant • The internal and external Roadmap levels they could
challenge because the information being exchanged is used in progress to
so many different processes in a company. To reach agreement, • The maturity which could be achieved within each level
and change well established practices could take significant Key considerations for setting targets are:
time and effort – both internally and between parties. • New regulatory requirements
• Planned investment and expansion
Once companies have completed their evaluation, they can • Competitor positioning
set targets for where they would like to be in the future for: • New customer demands
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10. Step 4 Based on the Targets, Plan and
Implement Improvement Measures
Once targets have been set, companies can plan and implement improvements. This can be achieved by:
a. Adopting one or more of the eight Key Information Standardisation Principles in this document. Please note, it is the rigour
and extent of application of these Principles, which improves maturity and therefore moves a company across a phase and
up phases on the ORCHID Roadmap.
b. Consulting the CEN ORCHID Landscape of Information Standards, which provides a detailed framework for the types of
standards a company may require (see Figures 1 and 2).
c. Learning from information standardisation work completed by other companies. Examples of successful implementation
from the following organisations and sectors are available from the CEN web-site:
Shell Zeiss Optical Instruments VdZ
DSM AT&S Renault
Siemens Toshiba Statoil
BASF ABB and Alstom
Endress & Hauser Croon
Quick Wins
The most important action for all companies involved in • Use common definitions and terminology for all
the process and power industries to achieve information classes, attributes, units and measures
standardisation is to adopt a common dictionary of classes and • Conform to internationally accepted information
their definitions. This would support the creation of any number standards – use the CEN ORCHID Landscape of
of product model dictionaries. This collective standardisation Information Standards to identify the standards
action would remove the biggest barrier to interoperability relevant for each project
internally and between parties. This goal is being pursued by
• Work with a common envelope/mechanism for
the CEN ORCHID Group and would be a major step forward to
exchange
drive integration of information and ultimately competitiveness
of these industries. These simple, practical measures will significantly help companies
across the supply chain reduce costs, and improve the safety,
The quickest wins for individual companies seeking to standardise
reliability, speed and flexibility of their operations.
their lifecycle information are to adopt the following summarised
version of the Key Standardisation Principles for all internal and
external exchanges of information:
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11. The CEN ORCHID Roadmap | Implementation Guide
ORCHID Contacts
1. Review the full suite of CEN ORCHID Materials
www.cen.eu/cen/Sectors/Sectors/ISSS/Workshops/Pages/workshopORCHID.aspx
2. Contact the offices of the European groups involved in the CEN ORCHID Project
Industry groups Country of residence Website
USPI-NL The Netherlands www.uspi.nl
PROLIST INT Germany www.prolist.org
eCl@ss Germany www.eclass.de
VdZ Germany www.vdz.de
ICAAMC UK www.icaamc.org
POSCCaesar Norway www.posccaesar.com
THTH Finland www.ththry.org
PIDX UK www.pidx.org
ETIM The Netherlands www.etim-international.com
2BA The Netherlands www.2BA.nl
For further information on the ORCHID Group, contact Mr. Paul van Exel - Stichting USPI-NL
Tel : +31334657679, stichting@uspi.nl
The ORCHID Group would like to thank the following organisations that have contributed
to the development of the Roadmap: Shell Projects & Technology, Bayer Technology
Services, BASF, Siemens, Fluor, LyondellBasell, Croon TBI Techniek, Endress+Hauser, Rösberg
Engineering, Pepperl & Fuchs, DAMO Tec, Aalto University, Cure Maintenance Consultants,
Paradine, AVEVA, Intergraph, Improvia, PLM Consultancy, VTT Technical Research Centre,
TACOS, Idoro, Fachhochschule Vorarlberg, WS Cataloguing Solutions, University of Hagen/
Semaino, Red-Bag, Pragmeta Knowledge Clout, BGS Systemplanung, Aachen – University of
Applied Sciences.
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12. The work was supported by the European Commission, Directorate Enterprise
and Industry and the European Free Trade Association.