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Welcome
Dive Center: I Dive Tec Rec Centers Plc
Instructor: Andy Varoshiotis

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WELCOME
PERSONAL INTRODUCTION
PAPERWORK
Course Overview
• Course Materials
• Academic Sessions
• Pool Sessions
• Open Water Dives
• Course Certification

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TO BECOME A
COMFORTABLE
AND CONFIDENT DIVER
IT TAKES
FOUR INGREDIENTS:
• Proper Knowledge
• Proper Skills
• Proper Equipment
• Proper Experience

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LOOK FOR THESE ICONS:
• Pearl
• Continuing Education
• Environment

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SECTION 1
YOUR DIVING EQUIPMENT

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SECTION 1
YOUR DIVING EQUIPMENT
OBJECTIVES
Be able to:
1. Identify the 7 Sub-Systems of the Total Diving System.
2. Understand how each piece of equipment plays an important
role in diver comfort, confidence, and safety.
3. Learn how to choose and fit each component of the Total
Diving System.
4. Recognize the benefits of owning a personal Total Diving
System.

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YOUR DIVING EQUIPMENT
The Total Diving System
• Snorkeling System
• Exposure System
• Air Delivery System
• Information System
• Total Divelog System
• Buoyancy Control System
• Specialty Training & Accessory
System
Maintaining the
Total Diving System

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THE SNORKELING SYSTEM
Mask
• Purpose
• Types
• Optical Lenses
• Features
• Fitting
Fins & Footwear
• Diving Fin
• Snorkeling Fin
• Fitting
Snorkel
• Purge
• No Purge
• Features
Snorkeling System
Bag
The snorkeling equipment is the base of your Total Diving System!

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THE EXPOSURE SYSTEM
Warm Water Dive Skins
Wet Suits
• Choice
• Features
• Fit
Dry Suits
SSI Dry Suit Diving Specialty Program

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THE AIR DELIVERY SYSTEM
S.C.U.B.A.
Components
• Cylinder
• 1st Stage Regulator
• 2nd Stage Regulator
Cylinder
• Choosing a Cylinder
• Cylinder Valves
• Cylinder Features

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THE AIR DELIVERY SYSTEM
Regulator
• Choice
• 1st Stage
• 2nd Stage
Alternate Air Sources
• Alternate 2nd Stage
• Inflator-Integrated Air Source
• Redundant Breathing System
It is recommended to have a high-quality regulator, especially
when diving in cold water!

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THE INFORMATION SYSTEM
Instruments
• Dive Computer
• Submersible Pressure Gauge (SPG)
• Depth Gauge
• Timing Device
• Compass
• Thermometer
Configuration
• System 1: Air Integrated
• Computer, Air
• System 2: Dive Computer,
• Computer, Analog SPG, Compass
• System 3: Analog Console
Use the Equipment Service Program, which will help you
remember scheduled services!

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THE TOTAL DIVELOG SYSTEM
The DiveLog as a Training Tool
The DiveLog as a Recognition Tool

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THE BUOYANCY CONTROL SYSTEM
Buoyancy Compensator (BC)
• Purpose
• Archimedes’ Principle
Features
• Inflators
• Deflators
• Inflator-Integrated Air Source
• Integrated Weight System
• Lift
• Other Features
Neutral Buoyancy is important for a comfortable dive and is the
best possible environmental protection!

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Proper Weighting Technique
• Weight Belts
• Choosing Your Weighting
• Proper Weighting Technique
THE BUOYANCY CONTROL SYSTEM
SSI Perfect Buoyancy Specialty Program

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THE SPECIALTY TRAINING
AND ACCESSORY SYSTEM
Diver’s Luggage
• Size
• Durable & Versatile
• Locking Device
• Wheels
Flags & Floats
• Recreational Diver’s Flag
• Alpha Flag (International)
SSI Boat Diving Specialty Program

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THE SPECIALTY TRAINING
AND ACCESSORY SYSTEM
Signal Devices
• Whistles & Alarms
• Signal Flares
• Inflatable Surface Marker
• Underwater Audible Devices
Save-a-Dive System
SSI Equipment Techniques Specialty Program

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THE SPECIALTY TRAINING
AND ACCESSORY SYSTEM
Underwater Lights
• Battery Powered
Underwater Flashlight
• Chemical Glow Lights
• Battery Powered Glow
Lights
Diver’s Tool
SSI Night / Limited Visibility Specialty Program

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MAINTAINING YOUR TOTAL DIVING SYSTEM
Buoyancy Control System
• Cleaning
• Storage
• Maintenance
Regulator
• Cleaning
• Storage
• Maintenance
Information System
• Cleaning
• Storage
• Maintenance

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MAINTAINING YOUR
TOTAL DIVING SYSTEM
Cylinder
• Cleaning
• Storage
• Preventing Damage to Cylinder
• VIP (Visual Inspection Program)
• Hydrostatic Testing
Exposure Suits
Equipment Consultation

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DIAMOND DIALOGUE 1
The SSI Training Philosophy is
illustrated through the SSI Diver
Diamond.
Discuss the four sides of the SSI Diver
Diamond and how each side relates to
the others.
Your Total Diving System is all the
equipment you need to go diving, as
well as the additional equipment you
may want to have for added enjoyment.

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WORKSHOP 1
Let’s go to the “interactive
classroom”, and identify and discuss
the seven subsystems that make up
your Total Diving System and how
they relate to each other.

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SECTION 2
USING YOUR DIVING EQUIPMENT

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SECTION 2
USING YOUR DIVING EQUIPMENT
OBJECTIVES
1. Understand basic snorkeling and scuba diving skills as
they relate to your equipment, including:
• Dressing
• Putting on Your Equipment
• Using Your Equipment
2. Learn proper procedures for:
• Entering the Water
• Descending & Equalizing Pressure
• Establishing & Maintaining Neutral Buoyancy
• Ascending
• Safety Stops
• Exiting the Water

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THE SNORKELING SYSTEM
PUTTING ON THE EQUIPMENT
Mask
Snorkel
Fins
Exposure Suit
Pay attention to sun protection and sufficient liquid absorption!

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THE SNORKELING SYSTEM
ENTERING THE WATER
Pre-Dive Check
Types of Entries
• Controlled Seated Entry
• Step-in Entry
• Feet-First Jumping Entry
• Beach Entry
• Boat Entry
Always choose the safest and easiest method, which is
appropriate for the dive spot.

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THE SNORKELING SYSTEM
USING THE DIVING EQUIPMENT
Using the Snorkel
• Breathing
• Snorkel Clearing
Using the Fins
• Fin Safety
• Fin Power
• Fin Kicks
Using the BC
• On Surface
• Deflation
• Bobbing Method

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THE SNORKELING SYSTEM
SURFACE DIVES
Head-first Dive
Feet-first Dive
One-up – One-down

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THE SNORKELING SYSTEM
EQUALIZING PRESSURE
Equalizing Mask Pressure
Equalizing Ear Pressure
Equalizing Sinus Pressure

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THE SNORKELING SYSTEM
EXITS
Types of Exits
Safety Tips
Always choose the safest and easiest method
which is appropriate for the dive spot.

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Assembling the Scuba Unit
Putting on the Scuba Unit
• Sitting position
• Standing position – Buddy Lift
• In-water
Never leave your scuba unit standing! Always make sure that it
is secured!
SCUBA DIVING
DIVING WITH THE SCUBA UNIT

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SCUBA DIVING
DIVING WITH THE SCUBA UNIT
Pre-Dive Check
• Visual Check
• Active Check
Entry Procedures
• Techniques
• Safety aspects
Always choose the safest and easiest method, which is
appropriate for the dive spot.

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The Mask
• Cleaning
• Clearing
Using the 2nd Stage
• Breathing
• Clearing the 2nd Stage
• Retrieving the 2nd Stage
Surface Procedures
• Using the BC
• Snorkel Use in Scuba
SCUBA DIVING
DIVING WITH THE SCUBA UNIT

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Descending
Neutral Buoyancy During
Your Dive
Ascending & Surfacing
• Procedures
• Rate of Ascent
• Dive Lines
• Safety Stop
• Surface Procedures
Scuba Exits
• Boat Exits
• Shore Exits
SCUBA DIVING
DIVING WITH THE SCUBA UNIT

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DIAMOND DIALOGUE 2
In Workshop 1, we discussed the seven
subsystems that make up your Total
Diving System.
The assembly and preparation of the
subsystems is essential for your comfort,
safety, and enjoyment underwater.

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WORKSHOP 2
Let’s assemble your Total Diving System, as
you would in preparation for a dive.
Throughout a dive you will be exposed to
increasing and decreasing pressure.
Proper use of your Total Diving System will
enable you to manage the changes in
pressure.
Let’s discuss how your Total Diving System
helps you manage the effects of increasing
pressure.

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SECTION 3
YOUR BODY AND THE
UNDERWATER WORLD

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SECTION 3
YOUR BODY AND THE UNDERWATER WORLD
OBJECTIVES
1. Learn the effects of increasing pressure on your body and Total
Diving System.
2. Understand how breathing compressed air under pressure
affects your body.
3. Study partial pressures and how it applies to divers.
4. Learn how to perform proper ascent procedures under normal
and emergency situations.
5. Learn the causes and prevention of the diving maladies, e.g. –
Nitrogen Narcosis, Air Embolism, and Decompression Sickness.

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EFFECTS OF INCREASING PRESSURE
Pressure
• Definition
• Pressure & Diving
Atmospheric Pressure
Ambient Pressure
• Water is Heavier Than Air
• Deeper = More Pressure

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EFFECTS OF INCREASING PRESSURE

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EFFECTS OF INCREASING PRESSURE
Equalizing Pressure
• How does pressure affect
the human body?
• Boyle’s Law
• Ears Underwater
• Sinuses
• Equipment
• Lungs
Other Considerations
• Reverse Block
• Mask Squeeze

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BREATHING UNDERWATER
Diving Fitness
Cardiovascular Fitness
• Importance of Good Circulation
• Improve Circulation With Exercise
Healthy Lungs
• Healthy Lungs are Important
• Lung Problems

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BREATHING UNDERWATER
Breathing Control = Stress Control
• Breathing Pattern
• Anxiety
• To Control Anxiety
• Important Rule While Diving:
Never hold your breath!

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THE FUNCTION OF THE LUNGS
What are Lungs?
• Function
• Assembly
Gas Exchange
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Nitrogen
• Carbon Dioxide Excess

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EFFECTS OF BREATHING
COMPRESSED AIR – PARTIAL PRESSURE
Breathing at the Surface
• Air is a Mixture of Gases
• Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
• Function of Oxygen & Nitrogen in Body
Breathing Air Underwater
• At Depth
• Henry’s Law

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EFFECTS OF BREATHING
COMPRESSED AIR – PARTIAL PRESSURE

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EFFECTS OF BREATHING
COMPRESSED AIR – PARTIAL PRESSURE
Nitrogen Narcosis
• Cause
• Symptoms
• Treatment
• Prevention
• Recreational Diving Limit
Open Water Divers are trained for 60 foot / 18 meter dives!

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ADAPTING TO THE
UNDERWATER WORLD
Buoyancy
• Positive Buoyancy
• Negative Buoyancy
• Neutral Buoyancy
Proper Weighting
• Purpose
• Proper Weighting Technique
Perfect buoyancy control is the best environmental protection!

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ADAPTING TO THE
UNDERWATER WORLD
Controlling Buoyancy Underwater
• On Descent
• At Depth
• Neutral Buoyancy
• Reasons for Having Good
Buoyancy Control
Vision
• Refraction
• Limited Visibility (Turbid Water)
SSI Perfect Buoyancy Specialty Program

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ADAPTING TO THE
UNDERWATER WORLD
Communication
• Problems With Communication
Underwater
• Communication Techniques
Exposure – Protection from
the Environment
• Body Heat Loss
• Prevention

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EFFECTS OF DECREASING PRESSURE
Decreasing Pressure
• Decreasing Pressure Occurs
when Ascending to the Surface
• Prevention of Problems
Never hold your breath! Breathe normally all the time!

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OVEREXPANSION INJURIES
Air Embolism
Mediastinal Emphysema
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Pneumothorax
SSI Diver Stress & Rescue Specialty Program

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EFFECTS OF DECREASING PRESSURE
Decompression Sickness
• Definition / Causes
• DCS Symptoms
• First Aid & Treatment
• Prevention
First Aid for Divers
• Asphyxiation
• Be Prepared
• First Aid
• Treatment
DAN Emergency Training
• DAN Basic Life Support
• DAN Oxygen First Aid
for Scuba Diving
• DAN Automated
External Defibrillation

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ASCENT PROCEDURES
Normal Ascents
• Purpose
• Key Points
Air Sharing
• Purpose
• Terms
Perform a Safety Stop after each dive!

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ASCENT PROCEDURES
Alternate Air Sharing Ascents
• Key Points
• Equipment Determines
Procedures
Emergency Ascents
• Swimming Ascent
• Buoyancy Ascent
• Key Safety Points

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DIAMOND DIALOGUE 3
As a diver, understanding how
changes in pressure effect your body
and how we compensate for these
changes is vital for your
safety, comfort, and enjoyment.

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WORKSHOP 3
Avoiding the effects of squeeze and
overexpansion is easy by breathing
normally and following proper ascent and
descent procedures. Developing good habits
with these skills begins with your confined
and open water sessions.
Let’s simulate a virtual dive in the
“interactive classroom” to include:
• Entry
• Descent
• Neutral Buoyancy
• Ascent
• Exit

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SECTION 4
PLANNING AND EXCECUTING
YOUR DIVES

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SECTION 4
PLANNING AND EXECUTING YOUR DIVE
OBJECTIVES
1. Learn the benefits of owning and using a dive computer.
2. Discover common dive computer features and functions.
3. Study how other factors can affect nitrogen absorption and
elimination, including decompression.
4. Learn the value of diving with a buddy and buddy team
functioning.
5. Learn how to execute your dive.

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DIVE PLANNING
Decompression Theory Terminology
• Depth
• Bottom Time (BT)
• Residual Nitrogen
• Surface Interval (SI)
• Repetitive Dive
• No-Decompression Limits
• No-Decompression Dive
• Decompression Dive

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USING DIVE COMPUTERS
FOR REPETITIVE DIVING
Benefits of Computers
Common Computer Features
• Planning Mode
• Dive Mode
• DiveLog Mode
• Time to Fly
• Alarms
• Display Lighting
• Units
• Personal Computer Integration
• Advanced Features
SSI recommends the use of Dive Computers!

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USING DIVE COMPUTERS
FOR REPETITIVE DIVING
Computer Guidelines you should follow:
1. Always have your own dive computer. Do not share a computer with
your buddy.
2. Check the computer’s battery life before diving.
3. Adhere to the limits of the computer. Make sure all safety warnings
are observed.
4. Follow the ascent display or audible warning to stay within the proper
ascent rate for the computer.
5. Remain within your limits and be conservative.
6. Plan and execute your dive carefully and have a contingency plan, if
your computer fails.
SSI recommends to always perform Safe Diving Practices!

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OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING
NITROGEN ABSORPTION AND
DECOMPRESSION
Physical Factors
Altitude
Flying after Diving
• Wait generally 24 hours
SSI Altitude Diving Specialty Program

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EXECUTING YOUR DIVE
Pre-Dive Briefing
and Buddy Team Functioning
• Buddy System
• Solo Diving
• Pre-Dive Briefing
• Dive Planning
Plan your dive and dive your plan!

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AVOIDING PANIC SITUATIONS
Causes of Panic
• Breathing Distress
• Mistaking Fiction for Reality
• Environmental Conditions
• Equipment
• Comfort & Ability
Identifying the Panic Response
• Ways to Identify Panic Responses in Divers
• If you observe signs of panic in your buddy at depth
• If you observe signs of panic in your buddy on the surface
Prevention of Panic

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EXECUTING YOUR DIVE
Review of Dive Procedures
Post Dive Briefing
(Logging your Dive)
• Record for future dive planning
• Record of equipment uses
• Record of training, logged
dives, and memories

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DIAMOND DIALOGUE 4
A diver, while breathing compressed
air absorbs nitrogen. The deeper we
go, the longer we stay, and the more
dives we make will effect how much
nitrogen we absorb. Our rate of
ascent back to the surface is directly
related to this level of nitrogen.

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WORKSHOP 4
Let’s discuss the most important subsystem
of the Total Diving System which enables you
to manage your rate of ascent at 30 feet per
minute including a safety stop of 3-5 minutes
at 15 feet. Executing and analyzing your dive
are important aspects of dive planning.
The Total DiveLog System will enable you
to plan, execute, analyze, and remember
your diving experiences.
Review your Total DiveLog:
• Levels of Certification and Recognition
• Personal Information and Training Record
• Levels 1-5 DiveLog Pages
• Specialty Diver Record
• Scuba Skills Update Record
• Equipment Record

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SECTION 5
YOUR UNDERWATER WORLD

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SECTION 5
YOUR UNDERWATER WORLD
OBJECTIVES
1. Understand the fundamentals of wave, tide, and current action.
2. Explain how waves, tides, and currents affect divers.
3. Learn proper diving techniques as they relate to surge and surf.
4. Discover how coral reefs play an important role in the
environment.
5. Identify many species of marine life including potentially
hazardous marine life.

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THE OCEAN ENVIRONMENT
Salt Water
• Salinity
• Photosynthesis
Fresh Water
• Evaporation
• Freezing
• Ice Melt

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WATER MOVEMENT AND DIVING
Tidal Currents
• Flood Current
• Ebb Current
• Slack Time
• Diving in Tidal Currents
Always start the dive against the current when diving locally!
Do not fight against a strong current for a long period of time!
Tides
• Causes
• High and Low Tide

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WATER MOVEMENT AND DIVING
Ocean Currents
Thermoclines
• Definition
• Freshwater Diving
• Dressing for Thermoclines
Waves
• Causes
• Size of Waves
• Wavelength, Trough & Wave Energy
• Confused Sea

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Entering and Exiting when
diving from a Boat
• Procedures
• Avoiding Seasickness
SSI Boat Diving Specialty Program
WATER MOVEMENT AND DIVING

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WATER MOVEMENT AND DIVING
Surf and Surge
• Surf
• Surf Zone
• Types of Breakers
• Surge
Entering and Exiting Surf
SSI Waves, Tides & Currents Specialty Program

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WATER MOVEMENT AND DIVING
Localized Currents
• Longshore Currents
• Rip Currents
Diving with Localized Currents
• Rip Current
• Boat Diving in Currents
• Drift Diving
• Safety Stops in Currents
• If caught in Current

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UNDERWATER LIFE
The Coral Reef
• Development
• Hard Corals
• Soft Corals
Worms
Mollusks
• Gastropod
• Bi-valves
• Cephalopods
SSI ECOlogical Diver Program

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Crustaceans
Echinoderms
Vertebrates
Tropical Reef Fish
UNDERWATER LIFE

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UNDERWATER LIFE
Potentially Harmful
Marine Life
• Basic rules
• Sculpin, Scorpion
Fish, Stone Fish
• Eels
• Stinging Animals
• Sea Urchin
• Sharks
• Barracudas
SSI Shark Diving Specialty Program

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UNDERWATER LIFE
Cold Water Marine
Environments
• Kelp
• Cold Water Formations
• Artificial Reefs
Freshwater Environments
• Freshwater Environments
• Freshwater Diving
• Freshwater Life

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DIAMOND DIALOGUE 5
The more you know about the
aquatic world, the better diver you will
be. The basic knowledge and
practical information about water
movement and aquatic life will
enhance your diving experience.

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WORKSHOP 5
Discuss the following considerations about your
local dive sites:
• Entry Techniques
• Exit Techniques
• Aquatic Life
• Special Equipment Considerations
Perhaps the most critical skill to master as a
competent scuba diver is navigation. Divers must be
able to follow a planned set of directions underwater
and reach the planned exit point accurately:
• Discuss natural navigation
• Discuss how a compass works
• Conduct a reciprocal compass program
• Discuss the SSI Navigation Specialty Program

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SECTION 6
YOUR SCUBA DIVING
EXPERIENCES AND BEYOND

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SECTION 6
YOUR SCUBA DIVING EXPERIENCES
AND BEYOND
OBJECTIVES
1. Learn the reasons you should complete referrals through the
Universal Referral Network.
2. Learn how Continuing Education will improve scuba skills.
3. Understand why diving experience is required for SSI
Continuing Education.
4. Learn why Continuing Education cards are important.

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YOUR SCUBA DIVING EXPERIENCES
AND BEYOND
Your Open Water Dives
• With your SSI Dive Center
• By Referral
College Credit for
Scuba Courses

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YOUR DIVING ADVENTURES
Finding Dive Buddies
Joining a Dive Club
Diving at Home
Diving on Vacation
Getting the Family Involved
• Scuba Rangers
• Junior Open Water Diver
Stay Proficient
Keep Learning

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Specialty Course Programs
Continuing Education Ratings
• Specialty Diver
(2 Specialty Courses + 12 Logged Dives)
• Advanced Open Water Diver
(4 Specialty Courses + 24 Logged Dives)
• Master Diver
(4 Specialty Courses + Diver Stress &
Rescue + 50 Logged Dives)
Record Keeping
Frequently Asked Questions
BEYOND OPEN WATER DIVER

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BEYOND OPEN WATER DIVER
Sharing Your Adventure
• SSI Dive Guide
• SSI Divemaster
• SSI Dive Control Specialist
• SSI Open Water Instructor
• SSI Advanced Open Water Instructor
• SSI Dive Control Specialist Instructor
• Master Instructor
• SSI Instructor Trainer
Check with your SSI Dive Center for
your personal career options!

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BEYOND OPEN WATER DIVER
Lifetime of Adventure
• Levels of Experience
• Levels of Recognition
• Century Diver
• Gold500 Diver
• Platinum1000 Diver
• Platinum5000 Diver
Keep Scuba Diving Strong

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RECOMMENDED DEPTH LIMITS
IN RECREATIONAL DIVING
Scuba Diver – 40 ft / 12 m
Junior Scuba Diver – 40 ft / 12 m
(Diving only with Dive Leader!)
Open Water Diver – 60 ft / 18 m
Junior Open Water Diver Age: 15 years – 60 ft / 18 m
Junior Open Water Diver Age: 11 years – 40 ft / 12 m
(After certification without further training)
Advanced Adventurer – 100 ft / 30 m
(If a Deep Dive was conducted within the program!)
Junior Advanced Adventurer – 60 ft / 18 m
Deep Diving Specialty Program – 130 ft / 40 m

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DIAMOND DIALOG 6
When you become a certified scuba diver,
your adventure begins!
Combining proper knowledge, skills,
equipment and experience will greatly
enhance your proficiency as a diver.
SSI’s Continuing Education courses
offer you a pathway to becoming
a safer, more competent diver.

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DIAMOND WORKSHOP 6
Discuss:
1.The fundamentals of wave, tide, and
current action.
2.How waves, tides, and currents affect
divers.
3.Proper diving techniques as they relate to
surge and surf.
4.How coral reefs play an important role in
the environment.
5.Identify many species of marine life
including potentially hazardous marine life.

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Open Water
Diver
CONGRATULATIONS!

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APPENDIX
PLANNING AND EXECUTING
YOUR DIVE – DIVE TABLES

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DIVE PLANNING
The Dive Profile
Dive Tables and Terminology
• Bottom Time (BT)
• Decompression Dive
• Depth
• Doppler Limits
• Group Designation Letter
• No-Decompression Dive
• Repetitive Dive
• Residual Time (RT)
• Surface Interval
• Total Time (TT)

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Table 1:
The No-Decompression
Limits Table
• Purpose
• Understanding
• Key Points
• Examples
DIVE PLANNING
3
4

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Table 2:
The Surface Interval Table
• Purpose
• Understanding
• Key Points
• Examples
DIVE PLANNING

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Table 3:
The Residual Nitrogen Times
Table
• Purpose
• Understanding
• Key Points
• Examples
DIVE PLANNING

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Repetitive Dives
and the Dive Profile:
• Dive Profile
• Understanding
• General Rules
Note:
• Safety Stop
3-5 Minutes at 15 ft (5m) Depth
• Maximum Ascent Rate
30ft (9m) per Minute
• No-Decompression Dive
DIVE PLANNING

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1st Dive
(52ft/16m for 36 min.)
OWD-Manual Appendix
2nd Dive
(40 ft/12m for 40 min.)
OWD-Manual Appendix
EXAMPLE:
G 1 30 E
52
0
36
36
I 1 30 F
40
49
40
89
E

101. OPEN WATER DIVER
101
3rd Dive
(20ft/6m)
OWD-Manual Appendix
Plan another series of 3 dives!
EXAMPLE:
20
159
F