1. Consciousness and Altered States

2. Consciousness – refers to different levels of awareness of one’s thoughts and feelings. It may include creating images in one’s mind, following one’s thought processes, or having unique emotional experiences, all of which are part of consciousness.

4. Stage 1- the lightest stage of sleep. In it, you gradually lose responsiveness to stimuli and experience drifting thoughts and images. Stage 2- marks the beginning of what we know as sleep. Stage 3 & 4- which is often considered as the deepest sleep because it is the most difficult from which to be awakened.

5. REM Sleep- It stands for ‘rapid eye movement’ because your eyes move rapidly back and forth behind closed lids. During REM, your body is physiologically aroused, but all your voluntary muscles are paralyzed, called ‘paradoxical sleep’. REM sleep is highly associated with dreaming.

6. Theories of sleep Repair Theory-suggests that during the day deplete key factors in our brain or body that are replenished or repaired by sleep. - says that sleep is primarily a restorative process. Adaptive Theory-suggests that sleep evolved because it prevented early humans and animals from wasting energy and exposing themselves to the dangers of nocturnal predators.

11. They involve motions such as running and walking

12. They are more likely to take place indoors than out

14. They may be recurrent

15. They frequently involve emotions of anxiety or fear than joy or happiness

16. They rarely involve sexual encounters and are almost never about sexual intercourse

17. Rarely can we dream about something we intend to

18. They are usually in color in sighted people and are auditory or tactile in blind people.