Presentazione SISM Open Access

Una libreria
universitaria media
in Gran Bretagna
ha accesso solo
alla METAʼ di tutte
le riviste esistenti

lunedì 17 ottobre 2011 3

Ma buona parte della ricerca non è
ﬁnanziata da fondi pubblici??


In America, i
dottori del Sistema
Sanitario
Nazionale
hanno accesso
Solo al 40%
dei lavori di ricerca
ﬁnanziati dal
sistema stesso!


PERCHÉ?


Il costo medio di una rivista di Scienze Mediche:
$1,398


Un sguardo al prezzo delle riviste più costose…
Nuclear Physics: $25,888
Brain Research: $22,386
Journal of Comparative Neurology: $19,500
Journal of Chromatography: $15,217
American Journal of Medical Genetics: $9,995
Gene: $9,552
Journal of Neuroscience Research: $8,500
Experimental Brain Research: $7,595
Carbohydrate Research: $7,194
Biopolymers: $6,995
Neuroscience Letters: $6,863
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry: $6,510
Journal of Cellular Physiology: $6,295
Journal of Molecular Biology: $5,915
Developmental Biology: $5,681
Biotechnology and Bioengineering: $5,485
Journal of Immunological Methods: $5,355
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication: $5,132
Cancer Letters: $5,127
Virology: $5,006! ! ! ! !


Un sguardo al prezzo delle riviste più costose…
Nuclear Physics: $25,888
Brain Research: $22,386
Journal of Comparative Neurology: $19,500
Journal of Chromatography: $15,217
American Journal of Medical Genetics: $9,995
Gene: $9,552
Journal of Neuroscience Research: $8,500
Experimental Brain Research: $7,595
Carbohydrate Research: $7,194
MIT spends nearly $1,000,000 on 96 journals
Biopolymers: $6,995
Neuroscience Letters: $6,863
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry: $6,510
Journal of Cellular Physiology: $6,295
Journal of Molecular Biology: $5,915
Developmental Biology: $5,681
Biotechnology and Bioengineering: $5,485
Journal of Immunological Methods: $5,355
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication: $5,132
Cancer Letters: $5,127
Virology: $5,006! ! ! ! !
Source: http://web.archive.org/web/20050828210650/libraries.mit.edu/about/scholarly/expensive-titles.html


Secondo un report della UE:
In media una rivista no-profit è 3 VOLTE meno
costoso di una rivista for-profit1

Nelle neuroscienze il costo per pagina è superiore
del 890%2

1 Studyon the economic and technical evolution of the scientific publication markets in Europe, Commissioned by the European Commission
2The Costs and Benefits of Site Licences to Academic Journals”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, C.T. Bergstrom and T.C.
Bergstrom.


Inoltre…

Attraverso internet, i costi di pubblicazione
sono calati drammaticamente!

Nonostante ciò il prezzo delle riviste
continua a salire!


Cosa è successo?

Un sistema mai pensato per il profitto ha finito per
esserne guidato!

Lo sforzo speso per lʼaumento del profitto ormai
supera quello per promuovere lo scopo originario:

Diffondere la conoscienza!


Quindi questo è il punto…

Ormai siamo oltre la stampa.

Attraverso internet possiamo diffondere
questa conoscenza virtualmente senza
costi.

Gli articoli scientiﬁci possono e devono
essere di libero accesso!


La Soluzione:


Cosʼè Open Access?

“Con Open Access, intendiamo lʼimmediata, libera
disponibilità su internet della letteratura
scientiﬁca, permettendo ad ogni utente di leggere,
scaricare, copiare, distribuire, stampare, ricercare
o fare riferimento al testo integrale di questi
articoli, indicizzarli, analizzarli attraverso software
o usarli per qualunque altro scopo legale...”

- The Budapest Open Access Initiative


Ci sono 2 vie principali per rendere un
articolo Open Access:

Pubblicarli detendone i diritti e lasciarne
una copia in una open repository.

Pubblicarli su un giornale che aderisce a
Open Access.


6,368 riviste aderiscono ormai a Open Access
=
~20% di tutte quelle pubblicata


Il movimento Open Access è
sponsorizzato dallʼUNESCO, la
Commissione Europea, 41 premi Nobel,
lʼIstituto Nazionale di Sanità USA,
lʼIFMSA e molti altri...


Quindi, ci sono dei problemi nellʼaccesso
alla ricerca…

Come studente di medicina,
perché dovrebbe importarcene?


Perché Open Access è importante per lo studente
di medicina?


di medicina?

• Per la nostra formazione


di medicina?


• Per la pratica medica


di medicina?



• Per i diritti dei pazienti


di medicina?




• Per il contribuente


di medicina?





• Per la ricerca medica


di medicina?





• Per la ricerca medica

• Global Health Equity


Quindi, cosa possiamo fare?


I nostri sforzi si devono concentrare in due
direzioni:

Advocacy a livello locale, nazionale e
internazionale per lo stimolo di politiche che
rendano i frutti della ricerca liberi.

Education con gli studenti, futuri ricercatori e
università per adottare Open Access come
standard.


• Lettere ufﬁciali alle autorità
• Prese di posizione a livello nazionale
• Presentazione dellʼiniziativa ai partners e
negli incontri ufﬁciali


• Sensibilizzazione
• Distribuzione di materiale
• Magari diffusione attraverso gli exchange
• Open Access Week.


Access to research is a student right

Launched in Summer 2009

33 student organizations
Representing nearly 7 million students


•
The
American
University
Washington
College
of
Law
Student
Bar

Associa>on
•
California
Ins>tute
of
Technology
Graduate
Student
Council
•
Columbia
University
Graduate
Student
Advisory
Council
•
Cornell
University
Graduate
and
Professional
Student
Assembly
•
Dartmouth
College
Graduate
Student
Council
•
Library
and
Informa>on
Science
Student
Associa>on,
Simmons

College
•
MassachuseFs
Ins>tute
of
Technology
Graduate
right Council
Access to research is a student Student

•
MassachuseFs
Ins>tute
of
Technology
Undergraduate
Associa>on
•
Oberlin
College
Student
Senate
•
Oklahoma
State
University
Graduate
and
Professional
Student

Launched in Summer 2009
Government
Associa>on
•
St.
Olaf
College
Student
Government
Associa>on
•
Trinity
University
Associa>on
of
Student
Representa>ves
•
T33 studenttudent
Council
uLs
Graduate
S organizations
•
TuLs
University
Friedman
School
of
Nutri>on
Science
and
Policy

Representing nearly 7 million students
Student
Council
•
University
of
Calgary
Students'
Academic
Assembly
•
University
of
California,
San
Diego
Graduate
Student
Associa>on
•
University
of
Minnesota
Graduate
and
Professional
Student

Assembly
•
University
of
Nebraska
-‐
Lincoln
Graduate
Student
Associa>on
•
University
of
Tennessee
-‐
Knoxville
Student
Government

Associa>on


Right
to
Research
• movimento per la diffusione di open access
• ﬁrmare lo student statement
• materiale
• IFMSA ha già ﬁrmato


YOU CAN’T ACCESS
RESEARCH ESSENTIAL
TO YOUR EDUCATION
GET INVOLVED
Open Access is free, immediate, online access to researchers could have their work read and cited
high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarly research more often; and millions of articles could be read

THE PROBLEM Journals often cost $5,000, $10,000, or even coupled with the unrestricted rights to use it in and analyzed by computers, surfacing better results
$20,000 per subscription, per year—and prices new and innovative ways. faster, drawing important connections more quickly,
Research journals are the source for cutting-edge continue to outpace inflation year in and year out. and allowing discoveries to be made sooner.
Open Access revolutionizes how scholarship is
knowledge in every field from history to medicine.
shared, making it possible for anyone to access Open Access has the potential to speed up
Yet, students, researchers, professors, doctors,
entrepreneurs, and others are denied access to > 40% and build upon the latest research. Bodies such as
the European Commission and the U.S. National
research, advance science, and open new avenues
for discovery in ways we’ve only just begun
important information every day because they or of researchers surveyed
Institutes of Health have embraced Open Access to imagine.
their institution can’t a ord it. in one of the wealthiest
as crucial for the advancement of science and
countries, the UK, couldn’t Students have a crucial role in making Open
Journals have become increasingly expensive, to scholarship in the 21st century, and now nearly 20%
access content they needed Access a reality. The student-led Right to Research
the point where no one has access to them all. of all journal articles are available for free online.
on a daily or weekly basis.
Coalition, which represents nearly 7 million students
The opportunities that free, immediate, online internationally, works to educate students on the
access to the full scholarly record could create importance of Open Access and to advocate for
are immense: Students would have access to the policies that open up access to research at the
THE RESULT research they need for a complete education; campus, national, and international levels.

Science is slowed, scholarship is hindered, and
students’ educations are incomplete. STUDENTS RESEARCHERS DOCTORS PATIENTS ENTREPRENUERS

When we can’t see the whole picture, it’s hard to
find, learn about, and build upon the cutting-edge.
ARE ALL DENIED ACCESS
TO THE RESEARCH
It doesn’t have to be this way. THE PUBLIC
PEOPLE
IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
THEY NEED
What will you do?
Right now, students all over the
world are starting conversations,
THE SOLUTION
lobbying their governments, passing
Dozens of student organizations, representing
nearly 7 million students from across the world student government resolutions,
and in every discipline, are leading the charge for
a better system: Open Access.
signing our petition and more to
make Open Access a reality.
Learn more at
WWW.RIGHTTORESEARCH.ORG WWW.RIGHTTORESEARCH.ORG


WHAT DOES OPEN ACCESS DO FOR STUDENTS?

SCHOOLWORK IS EASIER EVERYONE HAS ACCESS
It’s a familiar story: You’re writing a Open Access isn’t just for students and
paper for class and you need to cite academics. With Open Access, everyone
articles from peer-reviewed journals. can read the latest research. Think of
Eventually, you find an article that how important that could be to:
looks good — maybe via a search engine, • A patient looking for information
a footnote from another source, or a on a treatment his or her doctor has
reference in an index. You search the ordered or on a trial of a drug that
THE RIGHT TO RESEARCH Web for the full text, but you can’t get could treat a disease…
past the abstract. You look on your
• A small business startup researching
library’s Web site but they don’t have a
the latest related technological
subscription. You’re stuck. Maybe that
developments…
article would have been a major source
for your work — you’ll never know. You • Any one of us interested in better
don’t have access. understanding global warming.
Open Access changes that. No more
Just as the Internet has democratized
worrying about whether you’re on the
information, Open Access will promote
campus network or if your library has a
sharing knowledge for the public good.
subscription. If you’re online, you have
Any subject you might think of —
access, period — anywhere in the world.
anything at all — you can look it up on
Google or Yahoo! and learn about it.
Open Access adds a massive inventory
Open Access puts research of reliable, scholarly sources to that free
global library — quality ensured by the
instantly at the fingertips of process of peer review.

anyone who cares to read.

Researchers can find and No more worrying about

access any relevant work whether you’re on the

from anywhere in the world campus network or if your

with no price barrier. That library has a subscription.

means science and discovery If you’re online, you have

will advance faster. access, period.

THE STUDENT GUIDE TO OPENING ACCESS TO SCHOLARSHIP
6 THE RIGHT TO RESEARCH www.arl.org/sparc/students


Open Access Week: October 24-30, 2011


Questo non è un problema che interessa
solo una nazione, un continente, un
ambito di studio;


Presentazione SISM Open Access

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