1. QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
“Qualitative data analysis in the non-numerical
assessment of observation made through
participation observation, content analysis, indepth interview and other qualitative research
technique”

2. LINKING THEORY & ANALYSIS
•Discovering pattern
•Grounded theory Method
•Semiotics
•Conversation analysis

3. Discovering pattern
“different way of looking for patterns
in a particular research topic”
Frequency: How often does it happen
Magnitude: What is the level of it. How large
Structures: What are the different types of it
Processes: Is there any order among it
Causes: is the occurrence different among variables
Consequences: How does it affect other things after
it has occurred

4. Grounded theory method
"Grounded theory methods are a set of flexible
analytic guidelines that enable researchers to focus
their data collection and to build inductive middlerange theories through successive levels of data
analysis and conceptual development" Charmaz, K.
(2005)
“to generate or discover a theory”

5. 4 stage in grounded theory method
• 1. Comparing incidents applicable to each category :
specifying concepts; [concept of social loss, reaction
of nurses to the dying etc]
• 2. Integrating categories and their properties: what is
the relationship between concepts; additional
variables
• 3. Delimiting the theory: as relationships between
concepts emerge, check which one is relevant and
which one is not; [what cannot be considered as part
of the relationship]
• 4. Writing the Theory

6. Semiotics
•The science of signs
•Has to do with symbols and meanings
•Commonly associated with content analysis
•Semiotics is based on language but other
multiple sign systems e.g. mathematics, Morse
code etc exist.
•semiotics is a social science- agreed meaning
among a group about symbols and signs and
their socially desirable expression.

8. Qualitative data processing
•Coding
•Memoing
•Concept mapping

10. memoing
• Memoing
 Memoing is the process of writing memos to yourself as you
develop the coding scheme
• Types of Memos
• Code notes
• Identify the code labels and theirs meanings to the
researcher.
• Theoretical notes
• Remind the researcher of idea for concept and theory
development during the coding process
• Operational notes
• Deal primarily with methodological issues. These are idea and
reminders about the data gathering coding process itself.

11. Concept Mapping
 In qualitative data analysis, the researcher
spends a lot of time in committing thoughts
to paper, in organizing ideas into a coherent
conceptual approach to the data.
 This process is iterative and one of trial and
error.
 Placing concepts in a graphical format, called
concept mapping, can help the researcher
organize thought