1. SCCT2013
Integrative Media
Integrative Media Production & Publication
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2. Topics:
9.1 Production Phases
9.2 Publication structure
9.3 Navigational Aids
9.4 Publication considerations
9.5 Publication Methods
http://publications.europa.eu/vademecum/vademecum/production1_en.html 2

3. 9.1 Production Phases
 Pre-production
Acceptance Discovery Definition
Client & production
Assign players to Client & production team meet to
the project & team must meet to establish project
deliver a high level initiate the project & requirements & plan
brief to the team research the overall out the production
objectives and goals phase
http://hivemanagement.com/content1/preproduction.htm 3

4. 9.1 Production Phases
 Production
Structure Design & Build & test
Prototype
Initial steps are Production team
taken by production begins to address the Look & feel are
team to define & look & feel, finalized and tested
frame the structure production of media to verify goals and
of the solution elements and initial objectives
coding
http://hivemanagement.com/content1/preproduction.htm 4

5. 9.1 Production Phases
 Post-Production
Launch Evaluate Maintain
Project is Project is
delivered after Structure is tested & monitored to
final approval & verified for final QA ensure goals &
QA objectives
http://hivemanagement.com/content1/preproduction.htm 5

6. 9.2 Multi-media Publication
Structure
 An important consideration in multimedia
usability is structure. If the user does not
understand the structure, there will be
confusion and usage of the product will be
impaired.
 Although in practice, publications are not
confined to one structure, a general
understanding of the types of structures
available and their attributes can aid in
multimedia design.
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7. 9.2 Multi-media Publication
Structure
 Linear Structure
 The traditional structure, and one that most familiar.
 Each piece of the information is to be viewed in a
fixed position that is essential to its understanding.
 Time-based media such as film, television or radio
broadcast are linear in structure.
 A linear structure is necessary to tell a story and can
be effective when trying to achieve set goals as in
educational projects.
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8. 9.2 Multi-media Publication
Structure
 Hierarchical
Structure
 Each node of the
structure represents an
idea and may have
subordinate nodes that
expand on part of the
parent nodes.
 This type of structure is
particularly useful for
reference material
where a user may
browse the upper nodes
in a linear fashion and
then easily go deep into
areas of interest without
too much confusion.
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9. 9.2 Multi-media Publication
Structure
 Network Structure
 The disadvantages
 A network structure can be overcome by
allows the user to
jump to many places the addition of good
from different navigational aids.
positions within a
publication.
 While this allows
great flexibility it can
also be confusing
with the user
becoming disoriented.
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10. 9.2 Multi-media Publication
Structure
 Cyclic structure  Cyclic structure can
 A cyclic structure is similar also be used in
to a linear one in that each education whereby
piece of information has a the user needs to
set position but is different reach a level of
in that a user can begin at information before
any position and can qualification.
continue through one
complete cycle in order to
attain the same amount of
information.
 An example of this might
be a public information
point in a museum that has
a small explanation of each
exhibit in a room.
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11. 9.3 Navigational Aids
 The usability of a publication depends not only on the
structure and links chosen, but also on the user's
knowledge of the system and the usefulness of the
navigation aids.
 A user will feel lost if he or she has no way of
orienting him or herself.
 Aids such as path lists allow the user to establish
where they have come from while a graphical
representation of the accessible system can indicate
the location overall.
 Aids such as alphabetical content lists or hierarchical
tables of contents can also assist the user.
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12. 9.4 Publication considerations
 There are many processes in producing a multi-media
publication.
 The following is a checklist of points which should be
considered:
 completion of manuscript
possible conversion of manuscript if necessary into a
different document type
 author and date registration
 ensure all necessary components are received, i.e. for
metadata, keywords, etc.
 ensure verification tools are provided or referenced
 texts may have to be translated/corrected/checked
 compile all graphic designs: labels; covers; sites, web
pages, icons, navigational tools, logos, etc.
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13. 9.4 Publication considerations
 ensure all cross-links are included and correct, this is
especially important in the case of a hybrid
publication
 ensure all hyperlinks are in place and correct (there
are tools available for checking the validity of links);
 technical advice/suitability for conversion
 draw up any necessary subscription licenses
 ensure any E-mail ordering facilities or any support
services are in place
 set realistic publication deadlines and schedule
 follow specified production procedures
 allow time for hard-copy proof-reading to pick up any
errors before publication.
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14. 9.5 Publication method
 Multi-media production can be
published using the following method:
 Website
 Hybrids
 CD-ROM/DVD
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15. 9.5 Publication method
Website
 Access control  General
 Website structures may involve  Statistics from web servers can
the use of access controls if the provide pointers on the use of a
information is deemed to be publication and information
confidential or valuable. regarding potential changes and
 This involves user authentication improvements to the structure.
that requires the infrastructure  Creation of a database back-end
for administration of user access for storing the media assets can
rights. allow ease of updating/archiving
 Added-value services through binding them into HTML
templates.
 A website structure can open the
possibilities for added-value  The advantages of these web
services such as personalisation, publishing databases is not only
downloading files and 'push' seen in design, production and
tools. updating of the publication. Their
assets can also be reused in later
 Paid services could take publications.
advantage of e-commerce
solutions such as licence keys,
payment tokens, subscriptions,
ordering by e-mail and making
credit card payments.
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16. 9.5 Publication method
Hybrids CD-ROM/DVD
 The use of the hybrid  Multimedia publications
structure allows for larger may be distributed offline
static objects to be held on CD-ROM and DVD-ROM
closer to the user while devices.
allowing for the small
dynamic content to exist in
the web environment.
 The possibilities are
numerous and can use
many leading-edge tools
such as a Flash generator
or DHTML for dynamically
updated non-static content
presentation.
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17. 9.5 Publication method
CD facts
 The CD was originally designed for
 CDs are never made perfectly
audio and later the specification and require error correction to
was extended to enable storage of reproduce data correctly.
computer data and other formats.
 CD standards specifications are
 A standard CD is capable of known as the 'coloured book'
holding approximately 76 minutes specification.
or 650 Mb of data.
 CDs are 120 mm or 80 mm in  The CD file system is ISO 9660
diameter and 1.2 mm thick with a which has two levels. Level 2
15 mm diameter centre hole. allows 32-character file names
which are not usable by MS-DOS
systems.
 A 40 x CD is capable of
maximum data transfer of 2.8 to
6 Mbps.
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18. 9.5 Publication method
The following is a brief outline of the CD 'coloured book'
standards developed by Philips, Sony, Kodak, etc.
Type Book
Book Description
Description
CD audio CD digital audio,including: CD
Red graphics,CD text, etc.
CD-ROM (8 and 12 cm) Yellow CD for data
CD-I and Photo CD CD interactive and
Green
Photo CD (Kodak)
CD-WO and CD-RW Orange Recordable CD
CD-video/LaserDisc Initial video disc
Orange
(20 and 30 cm)
Multi-session CD and CDs having two or
Blue
CD extra more sets
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19. 9.5 Publication method
DVD facts  DVDs are capable of being recorded
on both sides and with two layers of
 The DVD was designed for recording per side.
multimedia (video, audio, data).
 A standard DVD will hold 4.7 Gb of
 DVD was originally an abbreviation data per layer and 8.5 Gb per side
for digital video disc but is now (17 Gb for two sides and two
better known as digital versatile layers). This equates to 133
disc. minutes of video for 4.7 Gb of high
quality MPEG-2.
 According to the standard, DVD
players should be able to play CD-  The file system is UDF (universal
audio and CD-ROMs. disc format) for all formats although
the DVD-ROM standard also
 DVDs and CDs have the same supports ISO 9660.
external physical dimensions.
 A PC requires an MPEG-2 decoder
 DVD standards were set out by the to play DVD-video or MPEG encoded
DVD Forum which consists of a data on DVD-ROM.
group of 10 companies.
 DVD-video is designed to replace
 DVDs are designed for three VHS.
formats: DVD-ROM (for data) ,
DVD-video and DVD-audio.  A 6 x DVD is capable of maximum
data transfer of 66 Mbps.
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20. 9.5 Publication method
The DVD book standards (information from Toshiba)
Type Book Description
DVD-ROM Both ISO 9660 (CD) and UDF
A
DVD-video B UDF - MPEG-2 video for films
DVD-audio UDF - high quality and longer audio than CD
C
DVD-R D UDF - write once
DVD-RAM UDF - rewriteable
E
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21. 9.5 Publication method
 Items to consider when  user guides printed and/or
producing CD-ROM/DVD electronically-printed will also
require separate catalogue
number, ISBN and covers
 Title, subtitle, catalogue No, ISBN;
 bar code - this can be printed
 search software copyright on CD-ROMs and/or covers
 compact disc logo/DVD logo/MPEG logo  cover design and packaging
design
 corporate author and logo, publisher
and/or logo;
 cover text
 user licenses: to be added (separate
catalogue number reference if not  installation instructions
included in the CD-ROM);
 packaging when more than
one component: title,
catalogue number, etc.
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