This document discusses WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) technology. It defines WiMAX as a wireless technology that provides broadband access over long distances through point-to-point links or full mobile access. The document outlines the key components of a WiMAX system including WiMAX towers and receivers. It also describes how WiMAX works and the three levels that comprise the WiMAX technology: the transmission, radio, and core levels. Finally, the document provides examples of potential WiMAX applications and discusses WiMAX network architecture.

1. WIMAX
THE ULTIMATE WIRELESS SOLUTION
Prepared by
Aninda Bhowmik
ID:MCSE04405019
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
STAMFORD UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH
FEBRUARY 2013
Prepared for
Md. Firoz Mridha
Lecturer & Supervisor

2. Defining WiMAX Technology & Its Basics
WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a
telecommunication technology aimed at providing wireless data
over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to
full mobile cellular type access. WiMAX is a wireless digital
communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16 that is
intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". WiMAX can
provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km)
for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 – 15) for mobile
station. WiMAX is a second-generation protocol that allows for more
efficient bandwidth use, interference avoidance, and is intended to
allow higher data rates over longer distances.

3. WiMAX System Consists of Two Parts
 A WiMAX Tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone
tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage
to a very large area -- as big as 3,000 square miles
(~8,000 square km).
 A WiMAX Receiver - The receiver and antenna could
be a small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built
into a laptop the way WiFi access is today.

4. How does WiMAX work?
Fig 1: How does WiMAX work?

5. WiMax Technology Consists of Three Levels
Transmission Level:
 Concept of the Cables.
 Concept of Microwave of different frequency bandwidth
 Different Stations for transmission technology
 Classification of Diversity Reception
 Fiber Optic Cable
Radio Level:
 Different types of BTS (Base Transceiver Station) model
 WiMax towers
 ASN’s(Access Service Network) Profile C architecture
 ASN’s access point
 Base Control Unit
 ASN’s system specification
 ASN’s Portal EMS (Element Management System) platform specification.
Core Level:
 WiMax CSN architecture
 Different connectivity & services
 Roaming, Hot-lining, IP connectivity

6. Uses of WiMAX Technology
The bandwidth and reach of WiMAX make it suitable for the following
potential applications:
Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for last mile broadband
access.
Providing high-speed data and telecommunications services.
Providing a diverse source of Internet connectivity as part of a business
continuity plan. That is, if a business has a fixed and a wireless Internet
connection, especially from unrelated providers, they are unlikely to be
affected by the same service outage.
Providing nomadic connectivity.
Different cello phone companies are now working to provide their best
technologies cello phone to the users’ hands under WiMAX technology

7. WiMax System Architecture
The WiMAX Forum has defined an architecture that defines how a WiMAX
network connects with other networks:
SS/MS: the Subscriber Station/Mobile Station
ASN: the Access Service Network
BS: Base station, part of the ASN
ASN-GW: the ASN Gateway, part of the ASN
CSN: the Connectivity Service Network
HA: Home Agent, part of the CSN
AAA: AAA Server, part of the CSN
NAP: a Network Access Provider
NSP: a Network Service Provider
Fig 2: Profile C

8. Access Service Network(ASN)
Access Service Network (ASN), a concept in the mobile WiMAX network,
provides full mobility, seamless handoffs, Quality of Service, security and
subscriber/connection/resource management. The ASN Gateway provides a
critical piece of the end-to-end WiMAX network architecture connecting the
WiMAX radio access network to a common IP core and offering a
centralized platform for those functions best served by localized
management including security and mobility management.

9. ASN Reference Model containing multiple ASN-
GW
 R1: Reference point between MS and BS: implements IEEE 802.16e-2005.
 R2: Reference point between MS and ASN-GW or CSN: logical interface used for
authentication, authorization, IP host configuration and mobility management
 R3: Reference point between ASN and CSN: supports AAA, policy enforcement,
and mobility-management capabilities. Implements tunnel between ASN and CSN.
 R4: Reference point between ASN and ASN:
used for MS mobility across ASNs.
 R5: Reference point between CSN and CSN:
used for internetworking between home and visited network
 R6: Reference point between BS and ASN:
Implements intra-ASN tunnels and used for
control plane signaling.
 R7: Reference point between data and control plane
in ASN-GW: used coordination between data and
control plane in ASN-GW.
 R8: Reference point between BS and BS:
used for fast and seamless handover
Fig 3: ASN reference model

10. Functions of Access Service Network(ASN):
 Network discovery and selection of the preferred CSN/NSP.
 Network entry with IEEE 802.16e-2005 based layer 2
connectivity and AAA proxy.
 Relay function for IP Connectivity.
 Radio Resource Management.
 Multicast and Broadcast Control.
 Intra-ASN mobility.
 Foreign agent functionality for inter-ASN mobility
 Paging and Location Management.
 Accounting assistance.
 Data forwarding
 Service flow authorization

11. Core Service Network (CSN)
The CSN consists of various functions within the core data network and
forms an integral part of an end-to-end WiMAX network that is in
accordance with 802.16e standards.
CSN architecture includes:
DNS/DHCP
Mobile home agent(HA)
AAA(authentication, authorization & accounting)
Prepaid server
Hot lining application server
Billing
Policy function
Border gateway

12. WiMax CSN Architecture
Fig 4: Core Service Network(CSN) architecture

13. Functions comprises with CSN
AAA: Provides authentication, accounting, authorization, management of users’
service profiles and data records for billing WiMAX subscribers
DNS/DHCP server: Provides initial IP Address look-up and allocation for WiMAX
Mobile Stations
Home Agent (HA): Provides Mobile- IP functionality that allows traffic to mobile
devices to be routed transparently to the ASN Gateway and is also the anchor for
WiFi access points
Routers: Fundamental for routing and aggregating traffic within the CSN and
across multiple ASN networks
Firewall/NAT: Critical multi-layer packet inspection for extra protection from
advanced hackers and attackers

14. WiMax Installation
WiMax Transmitter Wimax Base
Fig 5: Wimax Transmitter
Fig 6: WiMax
Base

15. WiMax Installation
The device Called SDA is used which is a switch providing the base
-98 VDC power supply, and 9/90BaseT interface with the subscriber's
PCs/network.
Fig 7: Power Device for WiMAX Base

16. WiMax Installation
Fig 8: Connection between Power Device with WiMAX Base and
PC/router

17. WiMax Installation
Fig 9: Wimax Antena

18. WiMax Installation
Fig 10: Hexagonal cellular system model

19. I have done a Study work which is setting up fixed WiMAX installation in
Dhaka Metropolitan Area. We maintain the following consideration,
Used frequency: 3.11 GHz
Number of Base Stations: 3
Sector in each base station: 3 (Each sector cover 120 degree)
Name of the Base Stations:
Pirozali Base Station
Zia International Base Station
Narayangonj base Station
Client Information:
Client B (Located in Gazipur)
Client C (Located in Motijheel)
WiMax Deployment in Dhaka

20. WiMax Deployment in Dhaka
Fig 11: Distance of 3 Base Station

21. WiMax Deployment in Dhaka
Fig 12: Theoretically Three Base Station

22. WiMax Deployment in Dhaka
Fig 13: Connectivity between Pirzoli Base station with client B

23. WiMax Deployment in Dhaka
Fig 14: Site Survey Report

24. WiMax Model Network Design
Problem: The Final WiMax design to support 10,000 subscribers distributed in an
area of 50 sq-km & the subscribers are provided 128 kbps data each.
Solution: As to depict the whole calculation & design of WiMax model network, Solution gives us
the way to drive the whole calculation specifically to build a strong connection.
ASN Gateway calculation:
As we should calculate the bandwidth & discuss the specification of ASN then we’ve to calculate the
area, total subscriber in the area & the bytes that are passed in this area per second.
As we’re given that
Subscriber = 10,000
Area = 50 square km
128 kbps data speed per subscriber
10:1 active ratio
For the radio frequency we chose the bandwidth 5MHz & the bands 3.5 GHz.

25. Now to calculate the ASN gateway we see at first that to select area.
As we know the formula of Area, A= πr²
Let, Propagation radius r = 1 km
Coverage area of a single BTS,
A = 3.14 * 1²
= 3.14 sq-km
So as mentioned area=50 sq-km given then,
The number of BTS required the Coverage = 50/3.14 = 16(approx)
From the given specification,
Total subscriber = 10,000
Total active subscriber = 10,000
10
= 1,000
WiMax Model Network Design

26. Total simultaneous data throughput = 1,000 * 128 kbps
= 128000 kbps
= 128 Mbps
1 BTS supports = 18 Mbps
Number of BTS required for capacity = 128 / 18 = 8
Now per km as a sector where under 5-10 Mhz bandwidth 18 Mbps data is generated. For
the region purpose if bandwidth & data speed range is multiply 4 times then we get
16 BTS is needed to cover the whole area. If these BTS are installed in a perfect manner &
range then we can figure out a required network configuration.
WiMax Model Network Design

27. Total BTS = 16
Micro Wave unit = 16
Microwave HUB = 4
Optical fiber range = (5 + 5 + 4 +2) = 16 Km Fig15: Omni Directional
MUX = 1
So finally after the whole configuration in act the ASN gateway receives:
18*16 = 288 Mbps data, which will pass through the CSN.
WiMax Model Network Design
r=1 km

28. WiMax Model Network Design
Fig 16: WiMax Model Network Design

29. THANK
YOU
WIMAX
THE ULTIMATE WIRELESS SOLUTION