1. SOSIOLINGUISTICS IN ESL CONTEXTS (BIL 3083)
Lecturer: Mr . Nor Azman b. A.Aziz
Prepared by:
• NOREHA BT. ALI (D20091034397)
• WAN NURFATIN SYARMEMY BT W.M. AZMUDDIN
(D20091034408)
• ANIS ZULAIKHA BT BASRAH (D20091034413)
• ASMA AMIRA BT HAMZAH (D20091034422)
• SHIKNESVARY A/P KARUPPAIAH (D20091034433)

2. CAUSES OF
LANGUAGE
CHANGE
EXPRESSION OF NEW MEANINGS
REGULARISATIONDESIRE FOR
NOVELTY

3. EXPRESSION
OF NEW
MEANINGS
Ideas That
Evolve
New Things
New Event

4. Expression of New Meanings
A need to express new meanings in
languages
http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/linguistics/change.jsp
‘’ English language evolves rapidly in
just a few centuries ‘’
Speakers adopt new words, sentence structures and
sounds, spread them through the community and
transmit them to the next generation.

5. NEW THINGS
• Differences between generations and the era
• New technologies, industries, products and
experiences simply require new words
Examples :
Technology # PC – personal computer
CPU – central processing units
Disease # Bird flu
AIDS

6. NEW EVENT
• Common and spectacular events
• Acknowledged by others
Examples :
SUMMIT # Meeting between heads of state
SUPERBOWL # Spectacular sports events
GRANDPRIX #

7. IDEAS THAT EVOLVE
•Words for new ideas
Examples :
# Edutainment (education + entertainment)
# Smog (smoke + fog )
# Sitcom ( situation + comedy )
• Adopted ideas from other societies along with words
that name them

8. Borrowed words
- borrowed words soon to cease as borrowings once it
becomes common in use.
Examples :
# French words in use in English
# French words
Discotheque
Amateur Unique
Double Entendre
A la carte

9. DESIRE FOR
NOVELTY
Jargon Slang

10. JARGON
• Special words and phrases which are used
by particular groups of people, especially in
their work
• An outlandish, technical language of a
particular profession, group, or trade
http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/1914-/language/jargon.htm

11. LINGUISTIC ROLE OF JARGON
Examples
1. Medical profession :
Agonal – used to describe a major negative
change in a person’s condition, usually
preceding immediate death
2. Computer programmers:
Bug- a mistake or problem in a computer
program
http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/1914-/language/jargon.htm

12. JARGON
1. ARGOT 2. EUPHEMISM
3. IN-GROUP MARKERS

13. SOCIAL ROLES OF JARGON
1. ARGOT
Words and expressions which are used by small groups
of people and which are not easily understood by other
people
A specialized vocabulary or set of idioms used by a
particular social class or groups, especially one that
functions outside the law
Jargon may play the roll of an argot to keep others
from understanding
http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/argoterm.htm

14. SOCIAL ROLES OF JARGON
2. EUPHEMISM
A word or phrase used to avoid saying unpleasant or
offensive word
Jargon may be intended to make objectionable
meanings less objectionable
Examples:
• senior citizen for old person
• preowned car for used car
• pass away for die

15. SOCIAL ROLES OF
JARGON
3. IN-GROUP MARKERS
Enabling members of the occupational
group to announce themselves as such, and
to recognise each other by how they talk.

16. If you are teachers…

18. Slang
Specialized vocabulary of social groups
Alternative ways of saying things
Purposes of use: Getting attention
Value the cleverness/cuteness

20. SLANG WORD REFERENCE TYPE OF SLANG
wheels car synecdoche
rad radical clipping
ID identification Acronym
LOL ? ?
BBM ? ?
Slang

21. How do you
‘call’ your laptop?

22. LAPPY!!!

23. REGULARISATION
morphology
syntaxlexicon

24. • Child learners favor the more regular form of
words
• dreamt – dreamed, lit – lighted, fish – fishes
• Adult too, cannot be expected to know their
language perfectly
• They extend the general rule:
strived, lighted (past participle)
morphology

25. REGULARISATION IN
THE LEXICON
(Leveling)

26. Regularisation
• Replacing irregular forms with regular ones.
• E.g. (a) gooses instead of geese
(b) cow/kine with cows
• Erronous regularisation also known as
overregularisation.

27. A. Leveling
• Lexicon - vocabulary
• Loss of secondary form as a result
of extending productive rules.
• Contrast between different form
are levelled

28. Leveling
Basic form
• Wake
• Strive
• Sow
Irregular form & leveled form
• Woken Waked
• Striven Strived
• Sown Sowed

29. B. Syntax
• Sentence structure
a) Hopefully, the train will be on time.
b) They waited hopefully for the train.
c) Hopefully, they waited for the train.

30. References
• http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/
• http://ebooks.unibuc.ro/filologie/avram/3.pdf
• http://www.ehess.fr/lscp/persons/anne/master/Hudson-
Kam-Newport2005LLD.pdf
• http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_L.html
• http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/344311?uid=37386
72&uid=2&uid=4&sid=55868463503
• http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10
02&context=lin_facpub
• http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/893-0107/893-KRASKA-
SZLENK-0-0.PDF

31. THANK
YOU