This presentation by Anabela Rodrigues and Vernon Booth was delivered at the 'Concessioning tourism opportunities in conservation areas and maximising rural development' workshop, held in Maputo between 19-22 March 2012 (Day 2, Session 4, Concessions Contract Management)

1. I. INTRODUCTION
Lukwika Lumus ure
Parque Nacional
(Tanzania)
Potencial ACTF
Reserva Nacional
Coutada
Chipange
Chipange
do Niass a-Selous
Larger Conservation Area in
Reserva Florestal Quirimbas
Chetu
Chetu NIASSA
NIASSA
Mozambique
Area: 42 000 Kms² -
ACTF do
Tchuma Gile
Gile Representing 36% of the total
Tchato
9
9
7
7 area under conservation in
13
13
6
6 11
11
14
14
Mozambique
Gorongosa
10 Marromeu
10 Marromeu
Chimanimani
TFCA 500 km
It has most of the wildlife
4+5
4 +5
Zinave
Bazaruto NP
Bazaruto NP existing in the country
ACTF do
ACTF do Zinave
Grande
Grande Bahnine
Bahnine – 14 000 elephants
Limpopo
Limpopo Limpopo
– 14 000 sable
– 600 to 1000 lions
Reserva Nacional de Maputo
Res erva Nacional de Maputo
– more than 350 wild dogs
Sociedade para a Gestão e Desenvolvimento da Reserva do Niassa ACTF dos
Maputo, 19 a 22 de Marco Libombos
Luwire
CONCESSION STATUS: 17 Management Units;
MOU
Gomba
Gomba
L9 2002
2012 - 11 (?) Allocated to Concessionaires 2012
R6 EastNegamano
Af. Safaris
Negamano
NiassaHunters MOU L9 2010
Luambeze
MOU R1 2002 Chamba
Chamba
MOU East L9 Safaris
Af.
Milepa
Milepa R2+R3 2009 L6
L6 Contract L9
LUCHERINGO R5 Naulala
Naulala 2012
CONTRATO R1 R3
R3 Mitope
Mitope
2012 Nalama
Nalama Luambeze
Luambeze
R1
R1 CONTRATO R4 Contrato
R2
R2 Macalange L5N 2007
R3 2012 M
M Macalange
Matondavela
Matondavela
Mecula
Mecula
L5
Safrique Ncuti
Ncuti Mbamba
Mbamba
Mbatamila
Mbatamila L8
L8
Contrato
L1 2008 L4 N'timbo
N'timbo Nampaquesso
Nampaquesso Kambako
L1 L3
L3 Lissongole
Lissongole
Contrato
J
J Cuchiranga
Cuchiranga
Nkalapa
Nkalapa
SEM
Manhur
Manhur L8 2005
Nahevera
Nahevera
Mavago
Mavago
Mavago Msawise
Contrato Mucoria
Mucoria
Msawise
L3 2007 L7
L7
50 km
50 km
50 km
Luwire 50 km
Johan Calitz Contrato
L2
L2 Safaris L7 2000
Village/Settlement
Contrato Roads
Cultivated Areas
L2 2008 Minor
Main
Rivers
Catchment Boundaries
II. SGDRN - A NEW MANAGEMENT MODEL II. SGDRN - A NEW MANAGEMENT MODEL
1. ESTABLISHED IN 1954 IT WENT FROM A PAPER RESERVE TERMS OF AUTORIZATION OF THE CM No.78/98 and LEASING CONTRACT SIGNED
WITHOUT MANAGEMENT WITH MITUR defined SGDRN
OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS :
•“ Attract other investors for the development of investments (clauses 2.1 &
2. TO A NATIONAL RESERVE THAT ON THE BASIS OF A 2.2 ) in the amount of $US 9.820.000,00 - 10 Years” (Cl. 10.a.);
COUNCIL OF MINISTER´S DECISION (1998) BEGAN TO BE
MANAGED BY AN INOVATIVE NOT FOR PROFIT PUBLIC •“Define the terms and conditions to which the selection of investors should
PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP. respond for the adjudication of the activities referred in the previous clauses”;
•“ Establish the rules and procedures to which the tenders should obey, with
ESTABLISHED IN 2000, SOCIEDADE PARA A GESTÃO E the conditions that only companies with a 25% Mozambican ownership could
DESENVOLVIMENTO DA RESERVA DO NIASSA IS A PARTNERSHIP sign the contracts, in acordance with the criteria and norms fixed by MINAG to
BETWEEN THE GOM & PRIVATE ENTITY (IN) , GOVERNED BY A BOARD this effect ” (Cl. 9.h.) and
ON THE BASIS OF A MANAGEMENT RIGHTS LEASING CONTRACT
SIGNED WITH MITUR IN 2002 •“Sub-lease through a contract, to the companies and entities operating in the
Niassa Reserve, the rights that were allocated to SGDRN, who should be
responsible to facilitate the licenses or autorizations required by the law that
habilitate them to exercise their activities ” (Cl. 9.i.).

2. Gomba
Gomba
GOALS & OBJECTIVES DEFINED IN THE MANAGEMENT PLAN: R6
Negamano
Negamano
2007 – 2012
Chamba
Chamba
L9
Milepa
Milepa L6
R5 Naulala
Naulala
R3
II. Governance - management tools
To secure the long term conservation of the rich and unique biodiversity, R3
Nalama
Nalama
Mitope
Mitope
and the pristine wilderness, of the NNR for present and future generations R1 R4
R2
R2
M Macalange
Macalange
Matondavela
Matondavela
Mecula
L5
Mecula
To reduce pressure on the natural resources, facilitate the sustainable Mbatamila
Mbatamila
Ncuti Mbamba
Ncuti Mbamba
Ncuti
L8
use of the Reserve by promoting alternative income generating activities
L4 N'timbo
N'timbo Nampaquesso
Nampaquesso
for communities L1
J L3 Lissongole
Lissongole
Cuchiranga
Cuchiranga
Nkalapa
Nkalapa Manhur
Manhur
Nahevera
Nahevera
Mavago
Mavago Mucoria
Msawise Mucoria
Mucoria Mucoria
Msawise
Three Categories – (ecological, scenic,
L7
To provide a quality tourism experience to tourists that generate a local & socio-economic factors): 50 km
50 km
50 km
50 km
50 km
km
economy and contributes to finance the Reserve management activities 1. Special Conservation Areas
L2
2. Wilderness Areas
3. Natural Resource Use Conservation
Areas
Gomba
Gomba
R6
PRINCIPLES
Negamano
Negamano
Chamba
Chamba
L9 1. Units for Conservation Hunting & Non - ConsumptiveTourism
Milepa
Milepa
R5
L6 2. Reach the high end Market clientele
Naulala
Naulala
R3
R3 Mitope
Mitope 3. Combination of Commercial and Philantropic Operators
R1
Nalama
Nalama
4. Sharing Management Costs and responsibilities
R2 R4
R2
M Macalange
Macalange
Matondavela
Matondavela L5
Mecula
Mecula
Ncuti Mbamba
Ncuti Mbamba
Ncuti
REFINING THE OBJECTIVES
Mbatamila
Mbatamila L8
N'timbo
N'timbo
L4
L1 L3
Nampaquesso
Nampaquesso
Lissongole
Lissongole While seeking to implement the best practices to monitor
J Cuchiranga
Cuchiranga
Nkalapa
Nkalapa Manhur
Manhur
Nahevera
the Bioversity of the Reserve, with respect to hunting – “
Nahevera
Mavago
Mavago Msawise
Msawise Mucoria
Mucoria Mucoria
Mucoria
Three Categories – (ecological, scenic,
Maximize trophy quality and economic returns while
L7
& socio-economic factors): 50 km
50 km
50 km
50 km
50 km
50 km maintaining viability and growth of wildlife populations
L2
1. Special Conservation Areas through ecologically sustainable hunting practices
2. Wilderness Areas
3. Natural Resource Use Conservation
Areas
III - CONSERVATION Hunting Administration
PRINCIPLES
BEFORE THE HUNT
•1. RULESConservation Hunting & Non - ConsumptiveTourism
Units for AND REGULATIONS Processing Firearm Importation
Registration of Professional Hunters
2. Reach the high end Market clientele
•3.Contract of Commercial and Philantropic Operators
Combination Rules
Applying for Client Hunting Licences
Purchasing Abate Tickets
4. Sharing Management Costs and responsibilities
• 5 Year Business Plan Form, the Annual
REFINING THE OBJECTIVES and the Report Form
Plan Form, the HRF DURING THE HUNT
Monitoring hunting activities
• The Road/Tracks Guidelines
While seeking to implement the best practices to monitor Tracking hunting success
the Bioversity of the Reserve, with respect to hunting – “ Completion of the Hunt Return Form & Annual Report Form
• The Media Policy and economic returns while
Maximize trophy quality
• The Regulations – “Black Book” (Best
maintaining viability and growth of wildlife populations AFTER THE HUNT
through ecologically sustainable hunting practices
Practices) Check and sign off hunting licenses and abate tickets
Monitor trophy size and age
Analyze Hunt Return Form Data

3. III - CONSERVATION Hunting Administration III - CONSERVATION Hunting Administration
Client details Client details
Sociedade para a Gestão e Desenvolvimento da Reserva do Niassa
Professional Sociedade para a Gestão e Desenvolvimento da Reserva do Niassa
Professional
Hunter details Hunter details
REGISTO DE SAFARIS DE CAÇA (Safari Hunt Register) Nº série:......................... REGISTO DE SAFARIS DE CAÇA (Safari Hunt Register) Nº série:.........................
Bloco de Caça Operador de Safaris
Safari details Caçador-profissional Bloco de Caça Operador de Safaris
Safari details Caçador-profissional
(Hunting Block) (Safari Operator) (Professional-hunter) (Hunting Block) (Safari Operator) (Professional-hunter)
Nom e do Cliente Nacionalidade Licença de Caça Nº Nom e do Cliente Nacionalidade Licença de Caça Nº
(Client Name) (Nationality) (Hunter License Nº) (Client Name) (Nationality) (Hunter License Nº)
Licença de caça Nº Nº Dias-Caça Nº de Observadores Licença de caça Nº Nº Dias-Caça Nº de Observadores
(Hunting license Nº) (Nº Hunter-Days) (Nº of Observers) (Hunting license Nº) (Nº Hunter-Days) (Nº of Observers)
Hunt Period Hunt Period
(Period of Hunt) (Period of Hunt)
Nº da etiqueta da Senha SRN Nº Sexo Nº da etiqueta da Senha SRN Nº Sexo
Espécies Data Morto / Ferido Localização (Location) 2 Espécies Data Morto / Ferido Localização (Location) 2
mandíbula
(SRN Abate ticket Nº) Tamanho (Size) 1 (Sex) Observações (Notes) mandíbula
(SRN Abate ticket Nº) Tamanho (Size) 1 (Sex) Observações (Notes)
(Species) (Date) (Killed / Wounded) (Species) (Date) (Killed / Wounded)
(Jaw tag Nº) (M)/(F) Este (East) Sul (South) (Jaw tag Nº) (M)/(F) Este (East) Sul (South)
1 1
Medição a ser feita de acordo com o sistema de medição Roland Ward (Measurements according to Roland Ward) Medição a ser feita de acordo com o sistema de medição Roland Ward (Measurements according to Roland Ward)
2 2
Localização em graus decimais (Location in decimal degrees) Có pia Branca (Operado r) Localização em graus decimais (Location in decimal degrees) Có pia Branca (Operado r)
ASSINATURA DO CLIENTE: ASSINATURA DO CAÇADOR PROF: Có pia A marela (SRN M aputo) ASSINATURA DO CLIENTE: ASSINATURA DO CAÇADOR PROF: Có pia A marela (SRN M aputo)
(CLIENT SIGNATURE) (P.H. SIGNATURE) Có pia Verde (SR N M batamila) (CLIENT SIGNATURE) (P.H. SIGNATURE) Có pia Verde (SR N M batamila)
Trophy details: Species; trophy size; location etc Trophy details: Species; trophy size; location etc
AN EXAMPLE OF THE HUNT RETURN FORM USED TO CAPTURE AN EXAMPLE OF THE HUNT RETURN FORM USED TO CAPTURE
DATA ON EACH SAFARI CONDUCTED IN THE NNR DATA ON EACH SAFARI CONDUCTED IN THE NNR
SOME KEY INDICATORS TO MONITOR GROWTH OF SOME KEY INDICATORS TO MONITOR GROWTH OF
INDUSTRY INDUSTRY
Examples of data
1.Total Income from Abate Tickets – Industry Revenues
2.Quota allocation, purchase and utilization by species
by block – Operator efficiency
3.Origin of clients and types of safaris
4.Number of Safaris and Hunting days – Performance
of hunting industry – Hunter days
5.Trophy quality and age - sustainability
6.Distribution of hunting effort - sustainability
SOME KEY INDICATORS TO MONITOR GROWTH OF SOME KEY INDICATORS TO MONITOR GROWTH OF
INDUSTRY INDUSTRY

4. Trophy Measurement - Trophy Quality Trends Trophy Measurement - Trophy Quality Trends
DISTRIBUTION OF HUNTING EFFORT DISTRIBUTION OF HUNTING EFFORT
Data from the coordinates of where animals are killed is used to Data from the coordinates of where animals are killed is used to
define the area where hunting has taken place in Niassa define the area where hunting has taken place in Niassa
SGDRN HAS UNDERTAKEN SEVEN SYSTEMATIC BIANNUAL AERIAL
SURVEYS OF ALL MAJOR MAMMAL SPECIES OF THE NIASSA
NATIONAL RESERVE SINCE 1998.
THE MAIN FOCUS IS ON ELEPHANT NUMBERS BUT ALL LARGE
MAMMALS ARE RECORDED, PLUS HUMAN ACTIVITIES (Fishing Camps)
AND SETTLEMENT.
THESE DATA SHOW :
• POPULATIONS OF VIRTUALLY ALL SPECIES IN THE RESERVE
HAVE INCREASED OR REMAINED STABLE
• WE NOW HAVE RELIABLE INFORMATION ON DISTRIBUTION,
DENSITIES AND TRENDS FOR THE ENTIRE RESERVE AND PER
MANAGEMENT UNIT

5. The aerial survey results are extremely valuable in
providing information used to make management
decisions: e.g. to set sustainable hunting quotas
Buffalo and cat populations are extremely difficult
to survey from the air
Aerial Survey data must be used in conjunction with
other sources of information
- Bufalo Project & the Carnivore Project
WHERE WE HAVE COME FROM
2004:
85 % of quota was taken (11 lions) but 75% of lion trophies
underage
No information on visual aging cues for Niassa lions.
No monitoring of trophy quality.
Fixed quota based on no information
BUFALO PROJECT - THE ECOLOGY OF THE BUFFALO POPULATION
– Understanding the Mechanisms Limiting the Buffalo Population
2006 -SRN LION REGULATIONS & POINTS SYSTEM
RESULTS & LESSONS LEARNED
Effect of Regulations - Trophy Quality
Off-take of acceptable trophies is
stable at 3-4 lions / year

6. RESULTS & LESSONS LEARNED RESULTS & LESSONS LEARNED
Tourism Operators - Investment, Operational Budgets, Salaries, VAT
RESULTS & LESSONS LEARNED RESULTS & LESSONS LEARNED
Gross income: Abate Ticket + Concession Fees Gross income: Abate Ticket + Concession Fees
Tourism Operators - Investment, Operational Budgets, Salaries, VAT Tourism Operators - Investment, Operational Budgets, Salaries, VAT
2003 – 2011 2003 – 2011
ILLEGAL LOGGING
Data: 16/05/2010
Aerial Survey 2009
Coordenadas: S110 16’ 03.0 E380 44’ 54.8

7. ILLEGAL HUNTING
36 E 37 E 38 E 36 E 37 E 38 E
Carcasses Snare Lines
Aerial Survey 2009 12 S 12 S
Carcass Ratio
4.25% (1.57% - 17.89%) = 693 – 1,100 Carcass 1
13 S Snareline
Poacher’s camp
13 S
Carcass 2
Carcass 3
Carcass 4
0 50km 0 50km