Kenzō Tange (丹下 健三 Tange Kenzō?, 4 September 1913 – 22 March 2005) was a Japanese architect, and winner of the 1987 Pritzker Prize for architecture. He was one of the most significant architects of the 20th century, combining traditional Japanese styles with modernism, and designed major buildings on five continents. Tange was also an influential patron of the Metabolist movement. He said: "It was, I believe, around 1959 or at the beginning of the sixties that I began to think about what I was later to call structuralism", (cited in Plan 2/1982, Amsterdam), a reference to the architectural movement known as Dutch Structuralism. Influenced from an early age by the Swiss modernist, Le Corbusier, Tange gained international recognition in 1949 when he won the competition for the design of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. He was a member of CIAM (Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne) in the 1950s. He did not join the group of younger CIAM architects known as Team X, though his 1960 Tokyo Bay plan was influential for Team 10 in the 1960s, as well as the group that became Metabolism. His university studies on urbanism put him in an ideal position to handle redevelopment projects after the Second World War. His ideas were explored in designs for Tokyo and Skopje. Tange's work influenced a generation of architects across the world.

1. AR. KENZO TANGE

2. BIRTH & STUDY
 Born on 4th
November, 1913 at Osaka, Japan
 Did his junior high school in Imbart, Ehime,
Perfecture
 1938, join university of Tokyo, Deptt. of
Architecture
 1942, studied city planning
 1959, did his doctorate on spatial structure

3. JOBS
 1938-1941 worked under Kunio
Maekawa.
 19630-1974 served as Professor of
urban engineering at Tokyo.
 Also join as guest Professor at
Massachusetts institute of technology.
 1946 became assistant Professor at
university ,Tokyo.

4. ESTABLISHMENTS
 After wining competition for Hiroshima
peace center he established his private
practice.
 1946 established Tanges lab.
 1961 founded Urtec (a team of architects
& urbaniser)

5. Tradition of JAPAN……………
 Japanese Architecture had developed into pure
efficiency of use and material
 Structure is a post and beam grid allowing building to
be flexible and better withstand strong and mild earth
quakes
 Space inside or traditional structure is multifunctional
 All the elements inside the building must be movable,
small and light.
 Walls are also moveable to increase multifunctional
ability of space.
Tradition of Japan Cont…

6. Tradition of JAPAN……………
 Exterior walls are also moveable allowing possibility
to completely open interior space to outside.
 ENGAWA :- It is porch like space which is threshold
of space creating transition from interior to exterior.
•Engawa has several
screens which may be
raised or lowered from
ceiling to protect interior
from the harsh elements.
•Proportions are
accordingly KEN scale.
Tradition of Japan Cont…

7. Tradition of Japan…………..
TATAMI MATS –
 Are used for floor covering.
 These are sturdy enough to
walk to sit and to sleep.
 It is in proportion to human
scale that is roughly 3 ft. x 6 ft.
 Rooms arrangement is
according to these mats.
Traditional Japanese Architecture is based on
nature’s philosophy.

8. Towards his Philosophy
 After World War- II Japan’s city were badly damaged
with exception of Kyoto.
 Demand of the people for the immediate urban solution
Japan’s rebirth as a democratic society provide
architects a great opportunity.
 As a new spirit of generation Le Corbusier design of
national museum of western art(1955) represented a
fundamentally western aesthetic vision.
 Reacting against this hurried westernization new
generation young architects, Kenzo Tange look more
sympathetically towards aspect of Japan’s own
architecture culture inspite of that westernization.

9. Philosophy
 Greatly influenced by Japan’s traditional
architecture.
 Concept of ISE Shrine
 Concept from multi story temples.
 Multi functioning

10. Philosophy
 Believed in fusion of traditional and modern
architecture after 1960’s
 Took inspiration from the nature(Tree)
 His philosophy includes city should be able to born,
grow, decay and die.
 Justification of function
 Justification of design
 Fundamentally rational and functional
 Appealing to emotions and senses
 Need of symbolism

11. Philosophy
 Structural approach
 Distinguish soft and hard environment
 Le Corbusier five main points are also
included in Tange’s philosophy
 Pilotis Ribbon Glazing
 Open plant Free façade
 Roof garden
Architects
Idea
Tradition
Act as a catalyst
Building Form

12. Buildings – Olympic Stadium
Location - Tokyo, Japan
Time - 1961-1964
Type - Sports Stadium
Climate - Temperate
Style - Modern
Construction - Concrete, Steel Cable
System

13. Philosophy– Olympic Stadium
 Concept of Suspension bridges
 Achieved this by channeling of tensions of
the main span over the towers to the side
spans.
Concept – Olympic Stadium
He clarified his notion of typification of
function.

14. About the Project
 This project took badly dramatic forms
 Main two stadiums are there and linkage
is through the immense raked promenade.
 Both the buildings develop from the circle
and ellipse in plan and section

15. Area Statement
 Site - 34.204 hectare.
 Floor Area - 910 sq. meter.
Major Stadium
Floors - 2 above ground,
2 basement
Maximum Height - 40.37 meter.
Minor Stadium
Floors - 1 above ground,
2 basement
Maximum Height - 40.29 meter.

18. Major Stadium
 Plan is in the form of two semicircles
 Main principle is of suspension bridges
 Entrance is from concave side
 Roof is supported of two super pylons
 Main criteria behind curved roof is to
resist wind(Hurricane Force)

20. Structure of Major Stadium
 Structure is carried by two main cables which span
126 meter. Between two main super pylons.
 Cables are laid parallel to the side span and spaced
apart at an interval of 2.58 meter. But internally
widens up two 16.8 meter. For central span top
provide space for sky light
 Steel cable- 13” in size
 Stiffening truss is used fairly to avoid displacement of
suspension cable caused by lateral winds.

21. Structure of Major Stadium
 In parallel cable braces are there to obtain stability
 Steel plates are solded on the super pylon for this
fixing details of steel cables.
 Outer covering material is of aluminum decking

24. Construction
 Two main super pylons were build first
 Rope extended beyond these columns to be
suspended in center and side spans.
 Side ropes were then arranged in suspended state
and their length is adjusted to co-operate equally
their load.
 Ropes were bounded from the parallel main cable

25. Construction
 Cables were then pulled transversally to expand the
space between two main cables
 Central span is maintained by introduced stiffening
truss in them

26. Minor Stadium
 This stadium is situated to the south west of major
stadium.
 Connecting to the major by a way of series of
underground and ground level facility.
 Form is based on a circle.
 Skin which roofs the building is suspended from and
eccentric mast.
 The roof is slung on long cable from the outside it
sweeps up to be furled or rolled up round a central
protruding rod.

27. Minor Stadium
 The roof and the space it defines compose of single
individual whole.
 The stadium has a Unique hanging roof system
having an extraordinary asymmetrical configuration
with an isolated single abutment and spirally curved
main hanging member covers a conical shape.

28. MINOR STADIUM
 Stadium dia. is of 65m.
 From the top of column a main building hanging
member comes down following a spiral curve in
space and passes the middle height of main column
and extends to anchor.
 Block is at tale end .The whole roof therefore appears
to be hung from summit point.
 At the peak dist. Is hardly 18” deep and have grown
at the bottom to 5’
 Entire interior is clad in wood.

29. INFERENCES
 Borb wire fans around each base have
spoiled it’s beauty
 Fins have not been evenly placed
 Building edge been twist casually
 Water which the building spills neatly down
b/w each pair of edge beams into the
drainage pools
 Roofing has leaked into a few places and
brown rings have not been cleaned away.

30. Hiroshima City Plan
Construction Time - 1949-1956
Building Time - As per the Buildings
Construction System - Simple Linear Mass
on the columns with
louvered walls
Climate - Humid sub tropical
Context - Urban
Style - Modern

31.  Reconstruction of the city was done after it was
destroyed during world War-II
 This complex as a whole has a monumental quality.
 Entrance of the city is from many sides.
 In the center of the city Hiroshima peace center is
there.
 In the west of this conference center, children’s
library is there.
 In the east of this memorial museum is there.
 In the north of peace center there is museum hall.
Hiroshima City Plan

32. North
Hiroshima City Plan

33. Hiroshima Peace Center
 It is a center part of the city.
 This area has been directly hit by the bomb.
 This building is raised on the pillars.
 Its structure is a framework of exposed concrete.

34. Hiroshima Peace Museum
Floor Area - 2848.1 sq. meter.
Floors - 2 above ground
Height - 13.134 meter.
Structure - Reinforced concrete
This was built in 1952 situated in the east of
the main axis.

35.  Tange’s elevated the building on pilotis a common
technique of Le Corbusier
 He also look at Le Corbusier ribbon glazing to the
extreme and designed floor to ceiling window.
 Exposed of structure is in the reference to traditional
Japanese architecture.
 Courtyard was open except for the memorial which
served as focal point.
 This memorial has a seating capacity of 2500.
Hiroshima Peace Center

36. Memorial Hall

37.  It is in the north
 Floor Area – 2489 sq. m.
 Floors – 1 above ground
1 basement
 Height – 12.08 meter.
 Structure – Reinforced concrete
 50000 people can congregate around this.
Memorial Hall

38.  It is in form of hyperbola-parabola brings together
modern tendencies and techniques and ancient form
of “haniwa” the traditional tomb of the Japan’s ruler.
 It is set in an axial garden while the building raised as
piers is perpendicular to axis and acts as counter
point structure in composition of the ensemble.
Memorial Hall

39. Children’s Library
•Situated in west
•Floor Area – 403 sq. m.
•Floors – 1 above ground
•Structure - RCC

40. Conference Hall
Floor Area
24643 sq. meter.

41. All three are in a line joined by a bridge.

42. Kurashiki City Hall
 Location - It is in tottery north of
Honshu island, near the
sea of Japan
 Designed - In 1959
 Bld. Type - community building
 Form - Rectangular building

43. Kurashiki City Hall

44. Exterior
 Kurashiki city hall has a free and ever
changing façade made of a series of
horizontal, vertical windows, solids and voids.
 This work is a translation in cement left rough
with impression of wooden building.
 There are lines on the cement surface and
there is a sequence of paneling
 The entire mass a standing on four massive
piers.

45. Facilities
 Public Assembly hall “A”
 City hall “B”
 Offices, Meeting Rooms, Mayor’s Office
 Citizen’s squad

46. Material Used
 Precast concrete & stainless steel.
 White plaster on walls.
 Tile roofing.
 Exterior of concrete.
 Floor is of plane concrete.
 Ceiling is a giant combination of dead
concrete and beams.
 Entrance is for double height foyer.

50.  Natural flow of space from the plaza to
the public hall and then to the counter
section on second floor.
 The project visualize two primary
structures based on a continuous
triangular section.
 Within the triangular structure there are
open space for community centers
Kurashiki City Hall

51.  The general plan for the street system
had been drawn up by two city planner
Kurashiki City Hall s. In connection with
this a site has been selected for the city
hall and public auditorium.
 City hall faces a citizen’s squad.
 Bulk active structure system is used.
Kurashiki City Hall