1. URINARY SYSTEM
Group 3

2. Urinary System
• Maintains the balance of products of ammonia such as sodium
ions, chloride, potassium, hydrogen, sulfate and phosphate.
• Excretes body wastes
• Consists of :
 2 kidneys
 2 ureters
 1 urinary bladder
 Urethra

3. Functions
• Excretion: kidneys filter large amounts of fluid from the blood
and eliminate nitrogenous waste, drugs and toxins
• Maintain blood volume and concentration: kidneys control
blood volume by regulating the proper balance in the blood
between salts and water
- regulate the volume of urine produced
- regulate the concentration of ions in body fluids and blood
so the proper balance of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium
and phosphate ions is maintained.

4. Functions
• pH regulation: kidneys control the proper balance of hydrogen
ions in the blood
• Blood pressure: kidneys produce a enzyme “RENIN” that helps
adjust the filtration pressure
• Erythrocyte concentration: kidneys produce “ERYTHROPOIETIM” a
hormone that stimulates red blood cell production

5. Functions
• Release of Prostaglandin:
- prostaglandin dilate kidney blood vessels
- dilated blood vessels contribute to homeostatis by
maintaining blood flow in the kidney
• Vitamin D production: kidneys convert vit.D to its active form,
Calciferol
- Together with liver and skin, it participates in Vitamin D
synthesis

6. Kidney
• Paired , bean shaped organ that lie on either
side of the vertebral column below the
diaphragm and liver
• Regulate the composition and volume of the
blood
• Remove wastes from the blood in the form of
urine

7. Ureters
• tubes made of smooth muscle
fibers that propel urine from
the kidneys to the urinary
bladder
• Extension of the kidney pelvis
• Ureters join the bladder via a
tunnel in the bladder wall,
which is angled to prevent
reflux (backflow) of urine into
the ureters when the bladder
muscle contracts.

8. Urinary Bladder
• organ that
collects urine excreted by
the kidneys before disposal
by urination.
• hollow muscular, and
distensible or elastic organ
• When the bladder is
stretched, this signals
the parasympathetic nervous
system to contract
the detrusor muscle. This
encourages the bladder to
expel urine through the
urethra.

9. Urethra
• tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals for the
removal of fluids out of the body
• In males, the urethra travels through the penis, and
carries semen as well as urine.
• In females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal
opening.
• Women use their urethra only for urinating, but men use their
urethra for both urinating and ejaculating.
• The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows
voluntary control over urination.

10. Diseases of the
Urinary System

11. • Acute Renal Failure
- decrease in the ability of the kidney to excrete wastes and regulate the
homeostasis of blood volume, pH, etc.
• Glomerulonephritis
- inflammation of the glumeroli
- involvement of person’s own antibodies

12. • Kidney stones
- also known as a renal calculus
- solid concretion or crystal aggregation formed in the kidneys
from dietary minerals in the urine
-typically classified by their location:
 in the kidney - nephrolithiasis
 ureter- ureterolithiasis
 bladder- cystolithiasis
 by their chemical composition- calcium containing