Earthquake and its risk mangement

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2.  The basics of Earthquake
 Its causes
 The risk management:
During disaster
After disaster
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3. Table Of Content
 What is Earthquake?
 What are its causes?
 What are its effects?
 How it is measured?
 Earthquake mitigation
 What is risk mitigation?
 How to safe your self during disaster?
 Test your self
 Facts and fictions
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4. What is Earthquake?
 The shaking of earth caused by waves
moving on and below the earth's surface.
 Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or
sudden shock of the earth’s surface.
 A sudden slipping or movement of a
portion of the Earth’s crust, followed by a
series of vibrations.
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6. What are its Causes?
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8. Plate Tectonics / Margins
 Earthquake occurs at plate margins and at major fault lines.
 But mostly on the conservative and destructive margins.
 The two plates at a plate margin cannot move past each
other easily. The two plates become locked. Friction
causes pressure to build up. Suddenly, the pressure is
released and the plates jolt into a new position. This causes
seismic waves. The vibrations they cause are called an
earthquake.
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9. Destructive Margin Side
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10. Conservative Margin Side
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11. FINAL OUTCOME
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12. Human Causes
 Man has a way of affecting nature, and so causing his own
difficulties.
 COAL MINING: There is increased stress on the remaining
rocks, making earthquakes more likely to occur.
 BUILDING DAMS: The weight of the water when the valley
behind the dam is filled causes increase pressure on the
earth crust.
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13.  Focus is the point at which the rock moves.
The seismic waves start at the focus.
 Epicentre is directly above the focus on the
Earth’s surface.
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A
B
Focus
Epicentre
seismic waves

14. Effects of Earthquake
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15. How the Earthquake are Measured?
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16. Earthquake Mitigation
 Mitigation is: “any action taken to reduce or eliminate the
long-term risk to human life and property from natural
hazards”.
 Transferring the responsibility of the risk by getting
insurance.
 Also educating the public and raising awareness of
earthquake risks...!!!
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17. Hazard
Mitigation
Identification
Risk
Analysis
Defining
Strategy
Activities
and Projects
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18. Precautionary Methods
Before
During
After
Personal
Level
Before
After
Govt.
Level
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20. PERONAL LEVEL: Before
• Put together an emergency kit – flashlight, first aid
kit, radio, drinking water, blankets.
• Develop a family communication plan – identify a relative
living at least 100 miles away; everyone can call to “check in”
to tell family you’re safe.
• Make sure all heavy or breakable items are on lower shelves.
• Know how to turn off utilities.
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21. PRESONAL LEVEL: During
1. DROP to the ground.
2. COVER yourself under a sturdy table or desk, and cover
your face and head with your arms.
3. HOLD ON to something sturdy until the shaking stops.
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23. Con’t
 If you’re driving, pull off the road, away from buildings and
utility poles, and stay in your car.
 If you’re outside, drop to the ground, away from large
objects, and cover your face and head with your arms.
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24. PERSONAL LEVEL: After
 Find your family; check for injuries
 If you smell gas or hear a hissing sound, go outside – shut off
gas valve
 Be careful to avoid live power lines and broken glass
 Listen to news for latest emergency information
 Be ready for aftershocks!
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25. GOVERNMENT LEVEL
 Provide a building standard for contractors to allow for sound
housing.
 Educating the population on earthquakes as a hazard.
 Putting in place safety regulations such as a standard for the
number of emergency exits.
 Providing service teams for search and rescue operations
after the earthquake.
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27. QUAKE Hazard _ 01
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28. Con’t
1. Clutter beneath desk
2. Glass door & windows
3. Portrait & vases on top of bookshelf
4. Free-standing light fixture, not secured
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29. QUAKE Hazard _ 02
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30. Con’t
1. Hanging light fixtures
2. Clutter on ground
3. Heavy items on shelf
4. Unsecure items
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31. SAFETY
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32. FICTION AND FACTS ABOUT
EARTHQUAKE
 Fiction: Earthquakes usually happen in the morning.
 Fact: Earthquakes happen in both the day and the night.
There is no pattern.
 Fiction: There is such a thing as "earthquake weather.“
 Fact: There is no connection between earthquakes and
weather. Remember, earthquakes happen deep in the
earth, far away from the weather!
 .
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33. Con’t
 Fiction: Earthquakes are on the increase.
 Fact: It may seem like we’re having more earthquakes
because there are more reporting stations, but the truth is
we’re not.

 Fiction: We can prevent earthquakes from happening.
 Fact: No. You can protect yourself by doing things to secure
buildings, like your home, but earthquakes can’t be prevented
-- or predicted
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