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INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
Indus Valley Civilization is a Bronze Age
civilization. Its period extends from 3300 B.C
to 1300 B.C approximately. The period from
2600 B.C to 1900 B.C is called its Mature
Period.
Advanced Urban Culture
Their cities had straight streets.
They established the first known system of Flush
Toilets.
Their cities had proper sewerage system.
They built baths for probably some kind of ritual
purity.
Cities had protective walls around them.
Each city had small fort in it.
No proper worship places have been found.
No places (for kings) or such large living places
have been found.
Science
They had accurate, measuring & weighting system.
Their weights were in the ratio of 5:2:1. The Basic
unit of weight was of 28 grams.
They were experts in metallurgy. They produce
bronze, copper, lead & tin.
They could build large boats & ships. They had
also constructed docks for this purpose.
Arts
They could make figurines in terra cotta, bronze & other
materials.
They could make sculptures, seals, pots & gold jewelry.
 According to Archaeologist, John Marshal they had
Achieved the level of Greeks Archaeologists 3000 years
before them.
 They were also good at working with gem stones &
shells.
They were experts in makings Ceramics.
They make musical instruments which shaped like harp.
Trade & Agriculture
They used to trade with central Asian countries
Mesopotamia, Iran, Afghanistan & the Persian Gulf
countries.
Indus seals have been found at all these places.
They had achieved the good level in agriculture &
animal husbandry.
Writing
Their writing has not yet been deciphered.
About 600 symbols have been found.
Symbols are very small in size. In one case 17 symbols are
written in one square inch area.
They used to write from right to left.
Some scholars claimed that their writing predicts
Sumerian & Egyptian Writings.
Religion
Their religion is not known.
Ritual purity appears to be a part of their faith.
Proper worship Buildings did not exist.
Some figurines of humans & animals have been
found.
Swastika sign have been found, it could have a
religious value.
Earlier, they used to bury their dead. In later
period they started cremation.
Decline
Their decline started around 1800 B.C.
Exact reason is not known.
 Change in climate around 1800 B.C could be one
factor.
Aryan invasion around 1700 B.C onwards could be
another factor.
Change in the course of river may have been another
factor.
During the period of decline, people shifted
eastwards. The few sites discovered in India are
mostly from the period between 1600 B.C to 1300B.C.

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Indus valley civilization slides

  • 2. Indus Valley Civilization is a Bronze Age civilization. Its period extends from 3300 B.C to 1300 B.C approximately. The period from 2600 B.C to 1900 B.C is called its Mature Period.
  • 3. Advanced Urban Culture Their cities had straight streets. They established the first known system of Flush Toilets. Their cities had proper sewerage system. They built baths for probably some kind of ritual purity. Cities had protective walls around them. Each city had small fort in it. No proper worship places have been found. No places (for kings) or such large living places have been found.
  • 4. Science They had accurate, measuring & weighting system. Their weights were in the ratio of 5:2:1. The Basic unit of weight was of 28 grams. They were experts in metallurgy. They produce bronze, copper, lead & tin. They could build large boats & ships. They had also constructed docks for this purpose.
  • 5. Arts They could make figurines in terra cotta, bronze & other materials. They could make sculptures, seals, pots & gold jewelry.  According to Archaeologist, John Marshal they had Achieved the level of Greeks Archaeologists 3000 years before them.  They were also good at working with gem stones & shells. They were experts in makings Ceramics. They make musical instruments which shaped like harp.
  • 6. Trade & Agriculture They used to trade with central Asian countries Mesopotamia, Iran, Afghanistan & the Persian Gulf countries. Indus seals have been found at all these places. They had achieved the good level in agriculture & animal husbandry.
  • 7. Writing Their writing has not yet been deciphered. About 600 symbols have been found. Symbols are very small in size. In one case 17 symbols are written in one square inch area. They used to write from right to left. Some scholars claimed that their writing predicts Sumerian & Egyptian Writings.
  • 8. Religion Their religion is not known. Ritual purity appears to be a part of their faith. Proper worship Buildings did not exist. Some figurines of humans & animals have been found. Swastika sign have been found, it could have a religious value. Earlier, they used to bury their dead. In later period they started cremation.
  • 9. Decline Their decline started around 1800 B.C. Exact reason is not known.  Change in climate around 1800 B.C could be one factor. Aryan invasion around 1700 B.C onwards could be another factor. Change in the course of river may have been another factor. During the period of decline, people shifted eastwards. The few sites discovered in India are mostly from the period between 1600 B.C to 1300B.C.