Falls are common in older adults, especially those over 80 years of age. A 5-step assessment can help determine the cause of a fall, including assessing for loss of consciousness, dizziness, acute medical illness, fall mechanism, and lower limb weakness. Risk factors for falls include a history of falls, lower extremity weakness, cognitive impairment, balance problems, and multiple chronic diseases. Physical exams and supplemental tests like the Get Up and Go Test and functional reach test can help evaluate fall risk. Treatment involves addressing medical issues, reviewing home safety, and exercises to improve gait and balance.
