Leadership requires setting a positive example through one's appearance, actions, and treatment of others. Effective leaders demonstrate traits like loyalty, courage, honor, honesty, and optimism. They make decisions through good judgment, show concern for their people, and inspire confidence through their competence and can-do attitude.

1. CHAPTER 1
NJROTC LEADERSHIP

2. LESSON TOPIC OBJECTIVES:
Cite two advantages of unit
leadership.
Explain the three things required for
leadership positions to exist.
Explain the relationship between good
followership and good leadership.

3. LESSON TOPIC OBJECTIVES : cont..
Explain that personal relationships
determine a leader's overall
effectiveness.
Describe at least ten character traits
of an effective leader.

4. Now in your second year of NJROTC,
you may have advanced to petty officer
third or second class with leadership
duties in a squad or platoon.

5. Drill Team
You may now
be a member
of:

6. You may have advanced, but if not,
keep trying. You will advance when you
are qualified and there are openings.
The key to advancement is to be ready
and at the door when the door opens.

7. Meanwhile, as an experienced cadet,
you can and should help cadets in NS1.
Everyone must help, so the unit will be
a good team.

8. ~ Squad Leaders
~ Assistant squad leaders
~ Platoon Guides
have special responsibilities

9. LEADERSHIP
Know your responsibilities.
Look after, guide, and train others.

10. Your first rule must be to set the
best example possible.

11. Example
One that is representative of a
group as a whole
One serving as a pattern of a
specific kind

12. Your uniform should be:
• clean • pressed • neat • ship-shape
with squared away awards and insignia,
and without loose or dangling threads.
Your shoes should always be shined as
another way to set the example.

13. It is better (and easier) to answer a
question by showing an example,
to assist the telling.

14. Your NJROTC
Cadet Field Manual
is a good reference
on how to wear the
uniform correctly.

15. Setting an example with:
~ proper uniform
~ taking direction
~ sharp marching
~ snappy salutes
will be a better guide than what you say.

16. Your subordinates will learn more by
watching and following your example
than by what you tell them. Saying it but
not doing it is unsatisfactory (unsat).

17. Subordinate
Belonging to a lower class or rank;
secondary
Subject to the authority or control
of another

18. Leadership and responsibility begin
with setting the example yourself.

19. Responsibility
The social force that binds you to
your obligations and the courses of
action demanded by that force
The proper sphere or extent of your
activities
A form of trustworthiness; the trait
of being answerable to someone for
something or being responsible for
one’s conduct

20. Leadership depends on three things.
Each leader may have a different
approach yet be equally successful.

21. Followership
The act or condition of following
a leader; adherence

22. After learning to be good followers the
first year,
"Able leaders emerge from the ranks
of able followers."

23. Effective leadership at the top depends
on effective leadership at lower levels.
Cadet officers work their way up,
gradually becoming better leaders as
they mature in experience, age, and ra

24. Even so-called
natural leaders
have to develop
through
experience, by
handling
increasingly
complex
situations while
learning from
Admiral successes and
Chester Nimitz failures.

25. Some people may have a flair for
leadership through:
~ appearance ~ stature ~ academics
~ athletics ~ speeches
~ command presence

26. Command
To direct with authority;
give orders to
To have control or authority
over; rule
To exercise dominating,
authoritative influence over

27. Anything may give early leaders a head
start, but they must also have initiative
and a willingness to lead.
Some early leaders will fade; others
will emerge after a slow start.
Leadership is not easily taught or
learned, but leaders are made, not born.

28. Initiative
The power or ability to begin
or to follow through energetically
with a plan or task; enterprise and
determination

29. Leaders must use their experiences,
but also learn from new situations.
Successful leaders analyze their styles,
adjust, and improve with each new job.
NJROTC seeks to help each cadet gain
leadership experience that will be
useful in almost any situation.

30. As a second year cadet, you now have
experience as a follower and are in a
position to guide and help this year’s
new cadets into the unit.

31. School and Program Directives
You have already learned that to be a
good leader, you must first be a good
follower. All levels must be able to take
orders.

32. Orders
A command given by a superior
requiring obedience, as in the
execution of a task

33. To be a leader, you must be dedicated
to leadership itself, to the job you are
given, and to accomplishing the
required work with your teammates.

34. As a leader, you must be more self
disciplined in your appearance, dress,
and conduct, at all times setting high
standards by example for your followers.

35. Disciplined
To train by instruction and practice,
especially to teach self-control to
Trained mentally or physically by
instruction or exercise

36. As a cadet officer, you will not be
making life-depending decisions, but
your experiences are a beginning.
With input from your group, you will
study pros and cons, then decide how
to best get the job done.
With responsibility to seniors,
subordinates, job, and unit, you will
learn to work effectively with others.
U.S. Navy Memorial
Explosive Ordnance Disposal

37. Pros and Cons
The favorable and the unfavorable
factors or reasons; advantages and
disadvantages

38. Three basic things to remember in
developing leadership abilities:
Know your business.
Know yourself.
Know your personnel.

39. NJROTC optional programs/activities to
develop leadership skills.
~ each about 2 weeks with travel.
• Basic Leadership Training
• Leadership Academies
• Summer programs

40. In addition, field trips to various
Navy bases, ships, and air
stations are a good way to learn
about the Navy and its people.

41. Leaders must associate with seniors,
peers, juniors, and the public.
Those relationships will greatly affect
your leadership effectiveness.

42. These associations are called
personal relations.

43. Personal Relations
The manner in which an individual
interacts with others

44. Few truly great
leaders of the world
reached their
positions without
outstanding
personal and social
traits.
These traits make
up the leader’s
personality.

45. Traits
A distinguishing characteristic
or quality, especially of one’s
personal nature

46. Personality is the ability to talk to large
groups and still make each person feel
that he or she is being talked to alone.
Everyone has a desire for recognition.
Leaders must know and remember this.

47. President President Admiral
Abraham Lincoln Andrew Jackson Chester Nimitz
These great leaders of the past achieved
much because they got along so well
with people who would feel comfortable
and welcome in their presence.

48. This special quality of leadership is
really just an unselfish, friendly interest
in people.
A simple “Good morning!” or work
question can let a subordinate know
they are recognized and valued.

49. A LEADER:
Must have the cooperation of those
within their unit.
A warm, friendly, personality makes
people feel they are glad to be a
member of the organization.

50. Organization
Something made up of elements with
varied functions that contribute to
the whole and to collective functions
A group of people who work together

51. This feeling, being proud of the
other people in the same group, is
called esprit de corps, pride in the
organization.

52. Esprit de Corps
A sense of unity and of common
interests and responsibilities, as
developed among a group of
persons closely associated in a
task, cause, enterprise, etc.

53. Respect from subordinates is not
something to be demanded or
commanded; it must be earned.
Leaders must counsel and guide
subordinates without breaking
discipline, the chain of command,
or being a “buddy.”

54. Respect
A feeling of appreciative, often
deferential regard; esteem
The state of being regarded with
honor or esteem
Willingness to show consideration
or appreciation

55. If there is one key to successful leadership, it is
probably fairness, fairness in opportunity,
assignment, work, and recognition. This, above
all, every effective leader must practice.

56. Fairness
Marked by impartiality and honesty:
free from self-interest, prejudice,
or favoritism

57. To be an effective leader, there are
certain traits a person must have.
U.S. Navy Memorial
John Paul Jones Some of them are:

58. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
LOYALTY...
...To country, is a must
...To seniors, serve reliably and well
...To juniors, consider their well-being

59. Loyalty
A feeling or attitude of devoted
attachment and affection
Faithfulness to commitments
or obligations

60. There are other loyalties to relatives,
friends, and beliefs,
but foremost is loyalty to yourself.
“To thine own self be true, and...thou
canst not be false to any man.” Shakespeare

61. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
COURAGE...
physical and moral
The most traditional trait of a leader is
courage.
At one time, this meant physical
courage only.
Today it implies a willingness to attempt
a mission in spite of the danger.

62. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF LEADERSHIP
COURAGE…
physical and moral
…Physical: training, education, drill,
and professional preparation can lay
the foundation.

63. ...Moral Courage:
• stand up for beliefs
• make honest calls
• admit mistakes
Never compound the
honest mistake with
a lie or cover-up.
Most know right from wrong. It takes
moral courage to do right when under
pressure to do wrong or break the law.

64. Moral
Conforming to standards of what is
right or just in behavior; virtuous:
Arising from conscience or the
sense of right and wrong

65. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
HONOR:
Proper sense of right and wrong
NJROTC cadet is expected to be a
person of honor, whose integrity is
above reproach.

66. Honor
Principled uprightness of character;
personal integrity
A code of integrity, dignity, and pride

67. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
HONESTY:
Refusing to lie, cheat, or steal
Honesty is so important it is written
into the honor code at each service
academy. There are no degrees of
honesty.

68. Truthfulness:
telling things the
way they truly are
without deception.
Sailors and Marines
must be able to
trust in the honor,
honesty, and
truthfulness of
shipmates.
A leader must possess these qualities
to command respect, confidence, and
obedience.

69. Obedience
Dutiful or submissive behavior
with respect to another person

70. Disobedience
The trait of being unwilling to obey

71. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
FAITH: Another word for confidence
There are several kinds of faith:
Faith in one’s leaders, subordinates,
and the cause for which one is working.
Faith in oneself is self-confidence.
Self-confidence gains respect
from others.

72. Self-confidence
Freedom from doubt; belief in
yourself and your abilities

73. From losing faith,
follows losing trust
and loyalty to
leaders and
subordinates.
Such a person
then loses
trust and loyalty
from the same
leaders and
Major General
Benedict Arnold
subordinates.

74. Faith in a cause is essential to victory.
A weakening of faith is
almost always followed
by a lowering of morale,
demoralization,
disintegration, and
defeat.
Leaders who believe in their service,
their chain of command, and
themselves, will see their attitude
reflected in those around them.

75. Morale
The state of the spirits of a person
or group as exhibited by confidence,
cheerfulness, discipline, and
willingness to perform assigned
tasks
The spirit of a group that makes
the members want the group
to succeed

76. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
SENSE OF HUMOR:
The ability to see humor in a situation
is a valuable asset. Laughter can be
a curing medicine to relieve tension.
A leader who sees humor in a situation
can relax subordinates, while restoring
confidence and positive thinking.

77. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
MODESTY…
A truly great person lets
accomplishments speak louder
than any words.
While maintaining pride in one’s self,
a leader must not develop too high
an opinion of self.
U.S. Navy Memorial
The Silent Service

78. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
MODESTY:
Quiet dignity, even humility indicates
great character and experience.
Self-magnification is improper, often
unpleasant, and normally unsuccessful.
A leader does not let self-importance
override concern for subordinates.

79. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
SELF CONFIDENCE:
With experience, increased skills,
professional knowledge, and a positive
attitude, a leader gains self confidence
and loses the fear of failure.
Taking on the tougher jobs may bring an
occasional failure, but learning from the
failure and bouncing back for another
job marks a leader’s development.

80. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
COMMON SENSE:
A leader is able to see and react to
things as they are.

81. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
GOOD JUDGEMENT:
With training and discipline, a leader
gains the ability to analyze and draw
correct conclusions.
Greater knowledge increases a leader’s
qualifications to make good judgments.

82. Judgment
The mental ability to perceive and
distinguish relationships;
discernment
The capacity to form an opinion
by distinguishing and evaluating
The capacity to assess situations
or circumstances and draw
sound conclusions; good sense

83. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
TACT:
Using good judgment to speak and act
in a diplomatic way, leaders do not
offend seniors, peers, or juniors.

84. Tact
Acute sensitivity to what is proper
and appropriate in dealing with
others, including the ability to
speak or act without offending
Consideration in dealing with
others and avoiding giving offence

85. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
COMMON SENSE/GOOD JUDGEMENT:
Good leaders use common sense and
good judgment to solve problems.
In their deliberations, they include
similar experiences of others.
Good leaders recognize and appreciate
needs and personalities of subordinates.
U.S. Navy Memorial
Women in the Navy

86. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
HEALTH AND ENERGY:
Without health and personal energy,
there is little stamina to withstand the
demands of leadership.
A leader needs to know when to take a
periodic break to remain sharp, and
when to delegate work to subordinates.

87. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
OPTIMISM:
An effective leader is usually healthy,
energetic, and optimistic with a
“Can Do!” attitude that inspires juniors
and seniors alike.

88. Inspire
To stimulate to action; motivate
To be the cause or source of;
bring about

89. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
OPTIMISM:
An optimist’s opposite is a pessimist,
always looking for reasons a job
cannot be done.
An effective leader is usually an
optimistic winner.

90. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY:
Leaders will think independently and
take initiative in their jobs.
They accept assignments, pleasant
or unpleasant, and stay with it until
properly completed.

91. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
OF LEADERSHIP
CONCERN FOR PEOPLE:
Leaders must know their people.
NJROTC leaders should know all cadets
in their class and most in their unit.
Field trips, formations, and social
events are good opportunities.
These activities build teamwork, a must
for success as a unit and as a leader.

92. Successful leaders are known by the
people they develop into new leaders.
One of a leader’s most important jobs
is to recommend subordinates for
recognition or promotion.
To do this, leaders must know their
juniors in order to evaluate them fairly
and accurately.

93. All hands should be kept informed on
what is going on, when it will happen,
how it will affect them, and what is
expected of them.
Good leaders keep their people
informed.
Subordinates will cooperate more
and support their unit with more
esprit de corps if they know what is
occurring and why.

94. SUMMARY
• Leaders must know the capabilities of
each group member and how to task.
• Leaders must be self-confident, keep
mission focused, and know how to
manage appropriate stresses.
• Leaders must be willing to cheerfully,
imaginatively, complete work and take
on increased responsibilities.

95. What are four positions of
leadership attainable by a
second year cadet?

96. What are four positions of
leadership attainable by a
second year cadet?
a. Petty officer
b. Squad leader
c. Assistant squad leader
d. Platoon leader

97. What are the three things upon
which leadership depends?

98. What are the three things upon
which leadership depends?
1. The leader
2. The followers
3. The job to be done

99. What are the three basic things
to remember as you develop
your leadership abilities?

100. What are the three basic things
to remember as you develop
your leadership abilities?
1. Know your business
2. Know yourself
3. Know your personnel

101. TRUE or FALSE. As a squad
leader, your first rule must be to
set the best example possible to
other cadets.

102. TRUE or FALSE. As a squad
leader, your first rule must be to
set the best example possible to
other cadets.
TRUE.

103. TRUE or FALSE. As a squad
leader, it is essential that you
know all of your responsibilities.

104. TRUE or FALSE. As a squad
leader, it is essential that you
know all of your responsibilities.
TRUE.

105. What is the difference between
physical and moral courage?

106. What is the difference between
physical and moral courage?
Physical courage means deeds
of daring which involved the
danger of death.
Moral courage means being
able to stand up for one’s
beliefs, to call things as
honestly seen, to admit a
mistake.

107. Why is humor (at the right time
and place) an asset to a leader?

108. Why is humor (at the right time
and place) an asset to a leader?
It can ease tension and restore
morale.

109. What are three basic things one
must remember when
developing leadership
techniques?

110. What are three basic things one
must remember when
developing leadership
techniques?
a. Know your business.
b. Know yourself.
c. Know your personnel.

111. Why are common sense and
good judgment essential
qualities of a leader?

112. Why are common sense and
good judgment essential
qualities of a leader?
They enable a person to make
good decisions

113. Name some great American
leaders who had that special
personal trait known as "the
common touch."

114. Name some great American
leaders who had that special
personal trait known as "the
common touch."
a. Abraham Lincoln
b. Andrew Jackson
c. Chester Nimitz

115. What does "esprit de corps"
mean?

116. What does "esprit de corps"
mean?
Pride in an organization or unit

117. TRUE or FALSE. Leaders are
born, not made.

118. TRUE or FALSE. Leaders are
born, not made.
FALSE.

119. How are leadership skills
developed?

120. How are leadership skills
developed?
Through training and
experience

121. Can leaders learn from their
failures?

122. Can leaders learn from their
failures?
Yes

123. What are some essential
personal qualities that a good
leader must demonstrate?

124. What are some essential
personal qualities that a good
leader must demonstrate?
a. Loyalty
b. Courage
(1) Physical courage
(2) Moral courage
c. Honesty
d. Truthfulness
e. Faith

125. What are some essential
personal qualities that a good
leader must demonstrate?
f. Sense of humor
g. Modesty
h. Self-confidence
i. Common sense and good
judgment
j. Health/energy/optimism
k. Sense of responsibility
l. Concern for people

126. Why is maintaining good
appearance, dress, and
conduct important?

127. Why is maintaining good
appearance, dress, and
conduct important?
You will influence your
followers and they will imitate
your bad actions as well as
your good.