3. Population Terms
Demography - the study of population
characteristics
Overpopulation- when the available
resources cannot support the
number of people
Density - How many? The total
number of people
4. Population Growth
0 AD 250 Million People
1803 AD 1 Billion People
1903 AD 1.6 Billion People
1950 AD 3.0 Billion People
1987 AD 5.0 Billion People
1998 AD 6.0 Billion People
16. Density
Arithmetic Density: The total number
of people divided by the total land area.
Physiological Density: The number of
people per unit of area of
arable land, which is land suitable for
agriculture.
Agricultural Density: The number of
farmers to the total amount of land
suitable for agriculture.
18. Crude Birth Rate : The total number of live births in a
year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
19. Crude Death Rate : The total number of
deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in
the society.
20. Natural Increase: The percentage growth of a
population in a year, computed as the crude birth
rate minus the crude death rate.
21. Population Characteristics
Crude Birth Rate : The total number of live
births in a year for every 1,000 people
alive in the society.
Crude Death Rate : The total number of
deaths in a year for every 1,000 people
alive in the society.
Natural Increase: The percentage growth of
a population in a year, computed as the
crude birth rate minus the crude death
rate.
22.
23. Population Characteristics
Fertility Rate: The average number of
children a woman will have throughout
her childbearing years.
Doubling Time: The number of years
needed to double a population,
assuming a constant rate of natural
increase.
24. Infant Mortality Rate: - the number of deaths of
children under the age of 1, per thousand of
the general population.
25. Population Characteristics
Life Expectancy : The average number of years
an individual can be expected to live, given
current social, economic, and medical
conditions.
Population under the age of 15 - usually
shown as a percentage of the total population
of a country - dependency ages
Population over the age of 65 - usually shown
as a percentage of the population.
dependency age
26. Life Expectancy : The average number of years an
individual can be expected to live, given current
social, economic, and medical conditions.
27. Population under the age of 15 - usually shown as
a percentage of the total population of a country -
dependency age is 0-15
29. Population Pyramids
Inverted bar graphs that show a wide
population base (younger population) with a
narrow top (older population).
Population Pyramids show:
– Age Distributions
– Dependency Ratios of under 15 and over 65
– Sex Ratio - Male vs. Female
37. Demographic Transition - Stage 1
Demographic Transition - the change
in population characteristics of a
country to reflect medical technology or
economic and social development.
Crude Birth Rate: High 40-50 / 1,000
Crude Death Rate: High 40-50 / 1,000
Natural Increase Rate: None 0 / 1,000
Today, no country in the world is in Stage 1.
39. Demographic Transition - Stage 2
As medical technology is introduced, a
population lives longer as the death rate
is lower from the rates of stage one.
Crude Birth Rate: High 40+ / 1,000
Crude Death Rate: Lower 15 / 1,000
Natural Increase Rate: Very High 25+/1,000
40.
41. Demographic Transition - Stage 3
As the wealth and education of a
country increases, social norms, and
use of contraception dictate the birth of
fewer children per woman.
Crude Birth Rate: Lower 20 / 1,000
Crude Death Rate: Low 10 / 1,000
Natural Increase Rate: Low 10 / 1000
42.
43. Demographic Transition - Stage 4
As the final stage in the transition of
population characteristics, the fourth
stage sees the population increase rate
again at 0. This stage reflects a highly
industrialized, educated society.
Crude Birth Rate: Low 10 / 1,000
Crude Death Rate: Low 10 / 1,000
Natural Increase Rate: None 0 / 1,000
46. Solutions to Population Growth
Education
Birth Control
Socialization
Abortion
Sterilization
Government mandate
Population redistribution
47. Solutions to Population Growth
Migration to resource rich areas
Empowerment of Women
$ for contraception & education
Improving farming techniques in poor areas
Sterilization
Educating men w/ responsibility for birth
control
Changing cultural norms to value girls
48. Solutions to Population Growth
Addressing traditional religious values
that may encourage gender preference
and large families
Starvation
Medical technology - costs of
maintaining vulnerable populations
(old & young)
Disease
Biological Warfare
49. Solutions to Population Growth
Redistribution of wealth - improve
standard of living for poor so that
children aren’t as necessary
Addressing government policies to deal
with their growing populations
Environmental pollution causing higher
death rates