Basics of C porgramming

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3. Basics of C Program
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4. Info about C
C is a general-purpose high level language that was originally developed by Dennis
Ritchie for the Unix operating system. It was first implemented on the Digital
Equipment Corporation PDP-11 computer in 1972.
The Unix operating system and virtually all Unix applications are written in the C
language. C has now become a widely used professional language for various
reasons.
• Easy to learn
• Structured language
• It produces efficient programs.
• It can handle low-level activities.
• It can be compiled on a variety of computers

5. Facts about C Language
• C was invented to write an operating system called UNIX.
• C is a successor of B language which was introduced around 1970
• The language was formalized in 1988 by the American National Standard Institue
(ANSI).
• By 1973 UNIX OS almost totally written in C.
• Today C is the most widely used System Programming Language.
• Most of the state of the art software have been implemented using C
Note the followings
 C is a case sensitive programming language. It means in C printf and Printf will have
different meanings.
 C has a free-form line structure. End of each C statement must be marked with a
semicolon.
 Multiple statements can be one the same line.
 White Spaces (ie tab space and space bar ) are ignored.
 Statements can continue over multiple lines.

6. KeyWords Constants Strings
Identifers Special Symbols
Operators
In a C source program, the basic element recognized by the
compiler is the "token." A token is source-program text that the
compiler does not break down into component elements.

7. Sample C Program Code
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int A,B,C;
printf("Enter the two numbern");
scanf("%d %d",&A,&B);
C=A+B;
printf("%dn",C);
}

8. Keywords are the base building block of any Computer Language.
Keywords tells to the compiler of the Language what Programmer meant.
auto double int struct
break else long switch
case enum register typedef
char extern return union
const float short unsigned
continue for signed void
default goto sizeof volatile
do if static while

9. Identifiers
The name of Variable,Functions,Labels and various other user defined items are Called identifier.
The length of these identifier can vary from one to several character.
Rules for Identifiers
 First character must be in alphabet or underscore.
 Must consist of only letters, digits or underscore.
 Only first 31 character are significant.
 Cannot use a Keyword.
 Must not contain white Space

10. Constants
Its an Variable that says the same once declared and cannot be change at run time.
String
A string is a Sequence of Character enclosed in double quotes.
Operators
An Operators is a symbol that tells the computer to Perform certain mathematical or
Logical operations.
Special Symbols
Space + - * / ^ () [] {} = != <> ‘ “ $ , ; : % ! & ? _ # <= >= @

11. DATA TYPES in C Language
C has a concept of 'data types' which are used to define a variable
before its use. The definition of a variable will assign storage for
the variable and define the type of data that will be held in the
location. The value of a variable can be changed any time.
C has the following basic built-in datatypes
 int
 float
 double
 char

12. Format Specifiers
Format Specifiers
There are many format specifiers defined in C. Take a look at the following list
Format Specifiers Using for
%i or %d int
%c Char
%f Float
%lf Double
%s String

13. Sample C Program Code
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int A,B,C;
printf("Enter the two numbern");
scanf("%d %d",&A,&B);
C=A+B;
printf("%dn",C);
}

14. Understanding the Execution

15. Decision Making Statements
Statement Description
if statement An if statement consists of a boolean expression
followed by one or more statements.
if...else statement An if statement can be followed by an optional else
statement, which executes when the boolean
expression is false.
nested if statements You can use one if or else if statement inside
another if or else if statement(s).
switch statement A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for
equality against a list of values.
nested switch statements You can use one swicth statement inside
another switchstatement(s).

16. Problem Statement
If Statement
Enter a number & Check whether its Less than 100?

17. If Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
/* local variable definition */
int a = 10;
/* check the boolean condition using if statement
*/
if( a < 20 )
{
/* if condition is true then print the following */
printf("a is less than 20n" );
}
printf("value of a is : %dn", a);
return 0;
}

18. Problem Statement
If Else Statement
Find a Person can do Vote in Election? based on Age.

19. If else statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
/* local variable definition */
int a = 100;
/* check the boolean condition */
if( a < 20 )
{
/* if condition is true then print the following */
printf("a is less than 20n" );
}
else
{
/* if condition is false then print the following */
printf("a is not less than 20n" );
}
printf("value of a is : %dn", a);
return 0;
}

20. Problem Statement
Switch Statement
Selecting new language in Mobile?

21. Switch Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
/* local variable definition */
char grade = 'B';
switch(grade)
{
case 'A' :
printf("Excellent!n" );
break;
case 'B' :
printf("Well donen" );
break;
case 'D' :
printf("You passedn" );
break;
case 'F' :
printf("Better try againn" );
break;
default :
printf("Invalid graden" );
}
printf("Your grade is %cn", grade );
return 0;
}

22. Loops
Loop Type Description
while loop Repeats a statement or group of statements until a given
condition is true. It tests the condition before executing the
loop body.( First Check the Condition, If its true enter the
Loop)
for loop Execute a sequence of statements multiple times and
abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable
(initialization, Condition, Increment or decrement)
do...while loop Like a while statement, except that it tests the condition at
the end of the loop body. (Whatever the condition it
execute at least once)
nested loops You can use one or more loop inside any another while, for
or do..while loop (inside another loop)

23. Problem Statement
For Loop
Enter and Display Student is Elite or Normal? Based on Fee

24. For Loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
/* for loop execution */
for( int a = 10; a < 20; a = a + 1 )
{
printf("value of a: %dn", a);
}
return 0;
}

25. While Loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
/* local variable definition */
int a = 10;
/* while loop execution */
while( a < 20 )
{
printf("value of a: %dn", a);
a++;
}
return 0;
}

26. Array
An array is data structure (type of memory layout) that stores a collection
of individual values that are of the same data type.

27. Problem Statement
Array
Enter Roll No and Mark of Students and Display it?
(0) 10001 56 (1)
(1) 10002 46 (2)
(2) 10003 67 (3)
(3) 10004 47 (4)
Click for Program

28. QUESTIONS SECTION

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