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Interactivity is Insufficient:
Why We Need Intersubjectivity
 In Course Room Discourse




         Barbara M. Hall



              Instructional
               Consulting
                 Group,
                   Inc.
Outcomes




17 October 2010   Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.    2
Outcomes




         • To inspire you to be as passionate as I am about
           the quality of course room discourse




17 October 2010            Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.              3
Outcomes



        • To distinguish between the concepts of interaction
          and intersubjectivity




17 October 2010           Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.              4
Outcomes




        • To envisage intersubjectivity as the next tier in the
          increasing quality of course-based, online learning




17 October 2010            Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.              5
Outcomes

        • To inspire you to be as passionate as I am about
          the quality of course room discourse

        • To distinguish between the concepts of interaction
          and intersubjectivity

        • To envisage intersubjectivity as the next tier in the
          increasing quality of course-based, online learning

        • Is there something else you would like to be sure
          we cover in our discussion today?




17 October 2010            Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.              6
Me in Three




17 October 2010   Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                 7
Me in Three




             Logos are registered trademarks of the universities and are used without permission.


17 October 2010                           Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                          8
Me in Three




             Logos are registered trademarks of the universities and are used without permission.


17 October 2010                           Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                          9
A Context




17 October 2010   Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.               10
A Context




                  Quality Continuum for Course Room Discourse
 Irrelevant                                                           Substantive




17 October 2010           Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                      11
A Context




17 October 2010   Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.               12
A Context




            Irrelevant                                  Substantive




17 October 2010          Instructional Consulting Group Inc.               13
A Context

           Interaction




17 October 2010          Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.               14
A Context

           Interaction

                                               Intersubjectivity




                                                          Photo by Francesco Marino




17 October 2010          Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                         15
Your Thoughts?




                   Contribute to the conversation
                          by posting your
                  comments, questions, or musings
                        into the chat board.


                           Graphic by Petr Kratochvil




17 October 2010            Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.          16
A Context

           Interaction

                                               Intersubjectivity




                                                          Photo by Francesco Marino




17 October 2010          Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                         17
Interaction




                           Graphic by jscreationzs




17 October 2010   Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.             18
Interaction



              Graphic by jscreationzs




                                               “the process through which
                                             the negotiation of meaning
                                        and co-creation of knowledge occurs”
                                                     (Gunawardena, Lowe, & Anderson , 1997, p.407)




17 October 2010                           Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                       19
Interaction




                           Graphic by jscreationzs




17 October 2010   Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.             20
Your Thoughts?




                  When might interaction be sufficient,
                  or when might the course outcomes
                   be less conducive to collaborative
                       knowledge construction?




                              Graphic by Petr Kratochvil




17 October 2010               Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.          21
Bloom’s Taxonomy

                                                                                           Evaluate

                                                                                         Synthesis

                                                                                           Analysis

                                                                                       Application

                                                                                 Comprehension

                                                                                       Knowledge


Bloom, B. S., and Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives The classification of educational goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain.
New York, NY: Longmans.



17 October 2010                                                         Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                                                                                          22
Extreme Makeover:
                                                                                                            Bloom’s Edition

                                        Evaluate                                                                                           Creating

                                       Synthesis                                                                                         Evaluating

                                        Analysis                                                                                          Analyzing

                                     Application                                                                                           Applying

                                 Comprehension                                                                                       Understanding

                                      Knowledge                                                                                       Remembering

Bloom, B. S., and Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives The classification   Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and
of educational goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook 1: Cognitive    assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition. New York,
domain. New York, NY: Longmans.                                                                    NY: Longman.




    17 October 2010                                                         Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                                                                                 23
Lower-Order Skills

                                          -
                                          -
                                          -
                                                                     Applying

                                                             Understanding

                                                              Remembering



Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition. New York, NY: Longman.




17 October 2010                                                          Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                                                                                             24
Higher-Order
                                                                                                                                    Skills
                                                                                              Creating

                                                                                          Evaluating

                                                                                           Analyzing

                                                                  -

                                                                  -

                                                                  -


Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition. New York, NY: Longman.




17 October 2010                                                          Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                                                                                             25
Course Room
    Distinct
 presentations
                                                                   Discussions Are...
    (Henri, 1995)




                      Serial
                    monologues
                    (Pawan et al., 2003)




                                               Consecutive
                                               online notes
                                                 (Hewitt, 2005)
                                                                                  Superficial
                                                                                   postings
                                                                                   (Ke, 2010)




17 October 2010                            Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                 26
Course Room
    Distinct
 presentations
                                                                   Discussions Are...
    (Henri, 1995)




                                                                              65% of students
                                                                            “insufficient value”
                      Serial                                                      (Chang, 2003)

                    monologues
                    (Pawan et al., 2003)




                                               Consecutive
                                               online notes
                                                 (Hewitt, 2005)
                                                                                      Superficial
                                                                                       postings
                                                                                         (Ke, 2010)




17 October 2010                            Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                       27
Intersubjectivity




                          Graphic by Francesco Marino




17 October 2010   Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                      28
Intersubjectivity


“the product of knowledge construction
   resulting from the negotiation of
  multiple perspectives within course
           room discourse”


                                                              Photo by Francesco Marino




17 October 2010        Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                               29
Graphic by jscreationzs                                                        A Contrast




                                                                                           Photo by Francesco Marino
                          Interaction = Process


                                                                     Intersubjectivity =
                                                                          Product




17 October 2010                             Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                                       30
A Metaphor



           Photo from free-pictures-photos.com




                                                                                         Graphic by Bitten Nails Design & Illustration




17 October 2010                                  Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                                                    31
A Metaphor



           Photo from free-pictures-photos.com




                                                      Photo by nuttakit
                                                                                         Graphic by Bitten Nails Design & Illustration




17 October 2010                                  Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                                                    32
An Example
        Lucas: I think some people make the service delivery process too
        complicated. I don’t know if it’s the administrators or the practitioners
        themselves, but action is often slow and opportunities are missed.

        Takiyah: The decision-making process for a human services practitioner
        is very difficult. There are so many different players and contexts. It’s
        hard to know what to do and in what order to do it. I am not sure there
        is enough guidance on who to help first.

        Lucas: The human services practitioner must put the child’s needs
        above everyone else’s needs. The adults in the situation can take care of
        themselves, or are at least more responsible for their actions than a
        child can be.




17 October 2010                Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                 33
An Example
        Takiyah: While the child’s needs are certainly very important, I am not
        sure that their needs are always the most important or the first priority.
        Consider Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. If we look at the
        situation from this theory, then everybody’s needs affect everybody
        else. If the parents’ needs aren’t met, then that affects their ability to
        provide the child’s needs.

        Lucas: That’s a good point, Takiyah. I can see how there are needs of the
        individuals and of the family as a whole. If we look at the case study
        through this theory, then delivery process should look not at just one
        individual at first, but the whole family. We should look at the whole
        community, really, since there are many systems which affect this
        particular family.




17 October 2010                Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                  34
Your Thoughts?




                   Contribute to the conversation
                          by posting your
                  comments, questions, or musings
                        into the chat board.


                           Graphic by Petr Kratochvil




17 October 2010            Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.          35
A Review



              Graphic by jscreationzs




                                               “the process through which
                                             the negotiation of meaning
                                        and co-creation of knowledge occurs”
                                                     (Gunawardena, Lowe, & Anderson , 1997, p.407)




17 October 2010                           Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                       36
Graphic by jscreationzs
                                                                                          A Review




                                                                                                        Photo by Francesco Marino
  “the process through which
  the negotiation of meaning
 and co-creation of knowledge
            occurs”
   (Gunawardena, Lowe, & Anderson , 1997, p.407)


                                                                      “the product of knowledge construction
                                                                           resulting from the negotiation of
                                                                             multiple perspectives within
                                                                               course room discourse”




17 October 2010                                    Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                                             37
Lower-Order Skills

                                          -
                                          -
                                          -
                                                                     Applying

                                                             Understanding

                                                              Remembering



Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition. New York, NY: Longman.




17 October 2010                                                          Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                                                                                             38
Higher-Order
                                                                                                                                    Skills
                                                                                              Creating

                                                                                          Evaluating

                                                                                           Analyzing

                                                                  -

                                                                  -

                                                                  -


Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition. New York, NY: Longman.




17 October 2010                                                          Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.                                                                                             39
Outcomes

        • To inspire you to be as passionate as I am about
          the quality of course room discourse

        • To distinguish between the concepts of interaction
          and intersubjectivity

        • To envisage intersubjectivity as the next tier in the
          increasing quality of course-based, online learning

        • Your contributions within this scope




17 October 2010            Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.              40
Take Aways
Take Aways?




                  • Which part, if any, of our discussion has
                    offered a new or unique perspective for
                    you?




                                 Graphic by Petr Kratochvil




17 October 2010               Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.          42
Take Aways?



                  • Which part, if any, of our discussion has
                    offered a new or unique perspective for
                    you?
                  • With what, if anything, might you
                    disagree or be confused?




                                 Graphic by Petr Kratochvil




17 October 2010               Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.          43
Take Aways?



                  • Which part, if any, of our discussion has
                    offered a new or unique perspective for
                    you?
                  • With what, if anything, might you
                    disagree or be confused?
                  • What action might you take based on
                    the information we have discussed?


                                 Graphic by Petr Kratochvil




17 October 2010               Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.          44
Let’s Connect!

                  Website: www.barbhall.org

                     Twitter: BarbMHall

                    LinkedIn: Barbara Hall

                   barb.m.hall@gmail.com

          bhall@instructionalconsultinggroup.com



17 October 2010        Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.               45

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Interactivity is insufficient

  • 1. Interactivity is Insufficient: Why We Need Intersubjectivity In Course Room Discourse Barbara M. Hall Instructional Consulting Group, Inc.
  • 2. Outcomes 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 2
  • 3. Outcomes • To inspire you to be as passionate as I am about the quality of course room discourse 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 3
  • 4. Outcomes • To distinguish between the concepts of interaction and intersubjectivity 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 4
  • 5. Outcomes • To envisage intersubjectivity as the next tier in the increasing quality of course-based, online learning 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 5
  • 6. Outcomes • To inspire you to be as passionate as I am about the quality of course room discourse • To distinguish between the concepts of interaction and intersubjectivity • To envisage intersubjectivity as the next tier in the increasing quality of course-based, online learning • Is there something else you would like to be sure we cover in our discussion today? 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 6
  • 7. Me in Three 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 7
  • 8. Me in Three Logos are registered trademarks of the universities and are used without permission. 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 8
  • 9. Me in Three Logos are registered trademarks of the universities and are used without permission. 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 9
  • 10. A Context 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 10
  • 11. A Context Quality Continuum for Course Room Discourse Irrelevant Substantive 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 11
  • 12. A Context 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 12
  • 13. A Context Irrelevant Substantive 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group Inc. 13
  • 14. A Context Interaction 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 14
  • 15. A Context Interaction Intersubjectivity Photo by Francesco Marino 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 15
  • 16. Your Thoughts? Contribute to the conversation by posting your comments, questions, or musings into the chat board. Graphic by Petr Kratochvil 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 16
  • 17. A Context Interaction Intersubjectivity Photo by Francesco Marino 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 17
  • 18. Interaction Graphic by jscreationzs 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 18
  • 19. Interaction Graphic by jscreationzs “the process through which the negotiation of meaning and co-creation of knowledge occurs” (Gunawardena, Lowe, & Anderson , 1997, p.407) 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 19
  • 20. Interaction Graphic by jscreationzs 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 20
  • 21. Your Thoughts? When might interaction be sufficient, or when might the course outcomes be less conducive to collaborative knowledge construction? Graphic by Petr Kratochvil 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 21
  • 22. Bloom’s Taxonomy Evaluate Synthesis Analysis Application Comprehension Knowledge Bloom, B. S., and Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives The classification of educational goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain. New York, NY: Longmans. 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 22
  • 23. Extreme Makeover: Bloom’s Edition Evaluate Creating Synthesis Evaluating Analysis Analyzing Application Applying Comprehension Understanding Knowledge Remembering Bloom, B. S., and Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives The classification Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and of educational goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook 1: Cognitive assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition. New York, domain. New York, NY: Longmans. NY: Longman. 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 23
  • 24. Lower-Order Skills - - - Applying Understanding Remembering Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition. New York, NY: Longman. 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 24
  • 25. Higher-Order Skills Creating Evaluating Analyzing - - - Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition. New York, NY: Longman. 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 25
  • 26. Course Room Distinct presentations Discussions Are... (Henri, 1995) Serial monologues (Pawan et al., 2003) Consecutive online notes (Hewitt, 2005) Superficial postings (Ke, 2010) 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 26
  • 27. Course Room Distinct presentations Discussions Are... (Henri, 1995) 65% of students “insufficient value” Serial (Chang, 2003) monologues (Pawan et al., 2003) Consecutive online notes (Hewitt, 2005) Superficial postings (Ke, 2010) 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 27
  • 28. Intersubjectivity Graphic by Francesco Marino 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 28
  • 29. Intersubjectivity “the product of knowledge construction resulting from the negotiation of multiple perspectives within course room discourse” Photo by Francesco Marino 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 29
  • 30. Graphic by jscreationzs A Contrast Photo by Francesco Marino Interaction = Process Intersubjectivity = Product 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 30
  • 31. A Metaphor Photo from free-pictures-photos.com Graphic by Bitten Nails Design & Illustration 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 31
  • 32. A Metaphor Photo from free-pictures-photos.com Photo by nuttakit Graphic by Bitten Nails Design & Illustration 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 32
  • 33. An Example Lucas: I think some people make the service delivery process too complicated. I don’t know if it’s the administrators or the practitioners themselves, but action is often slow and opportunities are missed. Takiyah: The decision-making process for a human services practitioner is very difficult. There are so many different players and contexts. It’s hard to know what to do and in what order to do it. I am not sure there is enough guidance on who to help first. Lucas: The human services practitioner must put the child’s needs above everyone else’s needs. The adults in the situation can take care of themselves, or are at least more responsible for their actions than a child can be. 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 33
  • 34. An Example Takiyah: While the child’s needs are certainly very important, I am not sure that their needs are always the most important or the first priority. Consider Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. If we look at the situation from this theory, then everybody’s needs affect everybody else. If the parents’ needs aren’t met, then that affects their ability to provide the child’s needs. Lucas: That’s a good point, Takiyah. I can see how there are needs of the individuals and of the family as a whole. If we look at the case study through this theory, then delivery process should look not at just one individual at first, but the whole family. We should look at the whole community, really, since there are many systems which affect this particular family. 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 34
  • 35. Your Thoughts? Contribute to the conversation by posting your comments, questions, or musings into the chat board. Graphic by Petr Kratochvil 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 35
  • 36. A Review Graphic by jscreationzs “the process through which the negotiation of meaning and co-creation of knowledge occurs” (Gunawardena, Lowe, & Anderson , 1997, p.407) 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 36
  • 37. Graphic by jscreationzs A Review Photo by Francesco Marino “the process through which the negotiation of meaning and co-creation of knowledge occurs” (Gunawardena, Lowe, & Anderson , 1997, p.407) “the product of knowledge construction resulting from the negotiation of multiple perspectives within course room discourse” 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 37
  • 38. Lower-Order Skills - - - Applying Understanding Remembering Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition. New York, NY: Longman. 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 38
  • 39. Higher-Order Skills Creating Evaluating Analyzing - - - Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition. New York, NY: Longman. 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 39
  • 40. Outcomes • To inspire you to be as passionate as I am about the quality of course room discourse • To distinguish between the concepts of interaction and intersubjectivity • To envisage intersubjectivity as the next tier in the increasing quality of course-based, online learning • Your contributions within this scope 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 40
  • 42. Take Aways? • Which part, if any, of our discussion has offered a new or unique perspective for you? Graphic by Petr Kratochvil 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 42
  • 43. Take Aways? • Which part, if any, of our discussion has offered a new or unique perspective for you? • With what, if anything, might you disagree or be confused? Graphic by Petr Kratochvil 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 43
  • 44. Take Aways? • Which part, if any, of our discussion has offered a new or unique perspective for you? • With what, if anything, might you disagree or be confused? • What action might you take based on the information we have discussed? Graphic by Petr Kratochvil 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 44
  • 45. Let’s Connect! Website: www.barbhall.org Twitter: BarbMHall LinkedIn: Barbara Hall barb.m.hall@gmail.com bhall@instructionalconsultinggroup.com 17 October 2010 Instructional Consulting Group, Inc. 45