1. +
ESS 3092: KINESIOLOGY
Week 7

2. +
Intervertebral Disc
Bears & distributes load
Mobility
Nucleus pulposus
 80-90% water
 15-25 mm/day

3. +
How many true ribs?
How many false ribs?
How many floating ribs?
4

4. Thoracic Cavity
RIBS
 true (7)
 false (3)
 floating (2)
 costal cartilage
STERNUM
 manubrium
 clavicular notch
 body
 costal facets
 xiphoid process

5. +
What are the 3 major muscles
of the Erector Spinae?
6

6. Erector Spinae
(sacrospinalis) Origin
 Sacrum, spinous processes of
lower two thoracic & all
lumbar
 Insertion
 Transverse and spinous
processes as well as ribs and
skull
 Location: Posterior
 Movements (spine)
 Extension (C & L)
 Ipsilateral flexion
 (C & L)
Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

7. +
Cervical Joints
8

8. +
Vertebral Column
Cervical Joints
Atlanto-occipital
 Occipital condyles, 1st vertebrae
 Flexion, extension (sag)
Atlanto-axial
 Atlas (C1), axis (C2)
 Rotation
 Pivot-joint
 Most mobile
Odontoid
Process

9. +
TPS:
4x6 card- List the stabilizers of the trunk
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
10

10. TrapeziusOrigin
 spinous process (T), skull
Insertion
 lateral clavicle, acromion
process, scapular spine
Location
 posterior
Movements
 elevation (upper & middle),
 depression (lower)
 retraction (adduction)
 upward rotation (middle &
lower)
p. 66

11. Rhomboid Major & Minor
Origin
 spinous process (C7, T1-5)
Insertion
 medial border of scapula
Location
 posterior/medial
Movements
 downward rotation
 elevation
 retraction
p. 69

12. Levator Scapulae
Origin
 transverse processes (C)
Insertion
 medial border of scapula
Location
 posterior
Movements
 elevation (primary)
 retraction, downward rotation
(assists)
p. 68

13. VERTEBRAL COLUMN

14. +
Quadratus Lumborum
 Origin
 Iliac crest
 Insertion
 12th rib and transverse
process of the lumbar
vertebrae
 Actions
 Lateral flexion
 Lumbar extension
15

15. +
Multifidus
 Origin
 Posterior sacrum
 Superior iliac spine
 Insertion
 Spinous process of the vertebrae,
excluding C1
 Actions
 Lateral flexion
 Trunk extension
16

16. + Cervical Muscles
Capitis
 originate C vertebrae
 insert occipital bone
Anterior- flexors
 lateral flexion
Posterior – extensors
 rotation
 lateral flexion

17. SternocleidomastoidOrigin
 Sternal manubrium,
medial clavicle
Insertion
 Mastoid process of
temporal bone
Location: Lateral
Movements
 Flexion
 Lateral flexion
 Rotation

18. Splenius Capitis
Origin (inferior)
 Spinous process of C7-T4
Insertion
 Mastoid process & occipital bone
Location: Posterior
Movements
 Cervical Spine: Extension
 Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion
CA

19. Splenius Cervicis
 Origin (inferior)
 Spinous processes of T3-6
 Insertion
 Transverse process of C1-3
 Movements
 Cervical Spine: Extension
 Ipsilateral rotation,
ipsilateral flexion
20

20. Semispinalis
Origin
 Transverse processes of
C4-T7
Insertion
 Occipital bone
Location: Posterior
Movements
 Cervical Spine: Extension
Contralateral rotation

21. Rectus Abdominis
Origin
 Pubic crest
Insertion
 Cartilage of ribs 5-7,
xiphoid process
Location: anterior
Movements
 Trunk flexion

22. Rectus Abdominis
Controls
 Post pelvic tilt & curvature LS
 Flattens lower back
 What effect does this have on
erector spinae & hip flexors?
 more effective
Definition
 3 depressions
 area of tendinous connective tissue

23. External Oblique
Origin
 Lateral side of ribs 5-12
Insertion
 Anterior iliac crest, pubic crest
Location:
 Lateral/Anterior
Movements
 Flexion (together)
 Ipsilateral flexion
 Contralateral rotation
(independently)

24. Internal Oblique
Origin
 Anterior iliac crest
Insertion
 Cartilage of ribs 8-10
Location:
anterior/medial
Movements (LS)
 Flexion
 Ipsilateral flexion
Fiber direction

25. Movement Analysis:
Boxing
Plane
Axis
Action
Agonist
Antagonist
26
PHASE
1
2

26. + KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS SUMMARY SHEET
ACTIVITY: Boxing
27
JOINT
ANATOMICAL
ACTION
PLANE OF
MOTION
AXIS OF
MOTION
AGONIST
MUSCLE(S)
ANTAGONIST
MUSCLE(S)
Wrist
Shoulder
Elbow
Neck
Spine

27. +
Common Injuries
28

28. +
Common Injuries- Sprain
Stretch and/or tear of a ligament, the fibrous band
of connective tissue that joins the end of one bone
with another
Direct or indirect trauma knocks a joint out of
position, and overstretches, and, in severe cases,
ruptures the supporting ligaments
 Landing on an outstretched arm; slides into a base; jumps
up and lands on the side of the foot; or runs on an uneven
surface
29

29. +
Strain
A strain is an injury of a muscle and/or tendon
Chronic strains are the result of overuse
(prolonged, repetitive movement) of muscles and
tendons
 Inadequate rest breaks during intensive training
 Acute strains are caused by a direct blow to the body
 Overstretching
 Excessive muscle contraction
30

30. +
Tendinitis
 Inflammation, irritation, and swelling of a tendon
 Can occur as a result of injury, overuse, or with aging as the
tendon loses elasticity
 Commonly affected sites include:
 Elbow
 Heel
 Shoulder
 Wrist
31

31. +
Bursitis
What is a bursa?
“Flattened connective tissue sac that is lined by a
synovial membrane”
Fluid filled sac
What causes bursitis?
Injury
Chronic pressure
Infection
32

32. +
Bursitis Cont.
 X-ray testing can sometimes detect calcifications in the
bursa when bursitis has been chronic or recurrent.
 MRI scanning (magnetic resonance imaging) can also
detect bursitis
33

33. +
Herniated Disc
34

34. +
Herniated Disc
 When these cartilaginous discs
are damaged from an injury,
normal wear and tear, or
disease, they may bulge
abnormally or break open
 If the herniated disc presses on
a nerve root, it may cause pain,
numbness, or tingling
35

35. +
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia
 Bone is living tissue, which is constantly being absorbed and replaced
 Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up
with the removal of old bone (osteoblast/osteoclasts)
 Approximately 10 million Americans have osteoporosis
 Estimates suggest that about half of all women older than 50, and up to one
in four men, will break a bone because of osteoporosis
36

36. +
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia
 Women are far more likely to develop osteopenia and osteoporosis
than men
 RISK factors
 Eating disorders or metabolism problems
 Chemotherapy, or medicines such as steroids
 Exposure to radiation
 Genetics
 Low body mass
 White or Asian
 Limited physical activity
 Smoking
 Regularly drinking soda
 Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol
37

37. +Scoliosis
Lateral deviation of the spine
Primary cause: Weak musculature on the convex
side
Curvature plus vertebral rotation

38. +Kyphosis
Excessive curvature of the thoracic region
Primary cause: Compression/collapse or lack of vertebral
bodies

39. +Lordosis (Lumbar/Cervical)
Lumbar curvature
Counteracts the anterior gravitational shift of
kyphosis or seen with pregnancy

40. +Rotator Cuff Tear
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVHe
rudtPxEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=sVHerudtPxE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVHerudtPxE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVHerudtPxE

41. +
Conditions associated with the spine
Spinal Stenosis
Causes: Abuse, age, natural progression
Spurs, connective tissue changes,
herniation, disease,
inflammation
Symptoms:
Treatment:

42. +
DJD/DDD

43. +
Herniation/Rupture
Intervertebral discs: Structural anatomy
Function:
Nutrient supply:
As we age:
Protrusion of the intervertebral disc
Anteriorolateral/posterolateral
Symptoms:
Treatment: