2. +
Humerus (Arm)
The humerus articulates with the scapula
at the shoulder and with the radius and
ulna at the elbow
The humerus is typically described as
having a head, shaft, and base
Many muscles attach including the deltoid,
pectoralis major, teres major, latissimus
dorsi, biceps
brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis, brachioradi
alis
2
3. +
Ant. Veiw (L) and Post. View (R).
Arrow indicates radial sulcus
3
4. +
THE ELBOW AND RADIOULNAR JOINTS
Assist shoulder to apply force
Control placement of hands in space
5. +
Humerus, Ulna, & Radius
1. Radiohumeral Joint
Condyloid
• capitulum & head of radius
Elbow Joint- Radiohumeral
5
12. +
Elbow Flexors
Anterior
Biceps brachii (S)
Brachialis
Brachioradialis (P & S)
Pronator teres (weak)
Elbow flexion: effectiveness of sup/pron ↑ as elbow flexion ↑
Origin Anterior surface of the humerus, specifically the distal portion
Insertion Coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna
Artery Radial recurrent artery
Nerve Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6)
12
13. + Elbow Flexors- anterior
Biceps Brachii (S)
3 jnt muscle
1= Glenohumeral joint
2= ulnarhumeral joint
3= radiohumeral joint
contribution to flexion depends on position
most effective- supinator
Origin short head: coracoid process of the scapula.
long head: supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis into deep
fascia on medial part of forearm
Artery brachial artery
Nerve Musculocutaneous nerve (C5–C6)
Action Elbow flexion and forearm supination
Antagonist Triceps brachii
13
14. +
Elbow Flexors- anterior
Pronator Teres
weak-main action: pronator
Origin Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: Coranoid process of ulna
Insertion Middle of the lateral surface of the radius
Artery Ulnar artery and radial artery
Nerve Median nerve
14
15. +
Elbow Extensors
Posterior
Triceps brachii
3 heads
Very strong
Origin Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral head: above the radial sulcus
Medial head: below the the radial sulcus
Insertion Olecranon process of the ulna
Artery Brachial artery (profunda brachii)
Nerve Radial nerve and axillary nerve
Antagonist Biceps brachii
15
16. + Flexor Strength
Twice as strong as extensors
Are we better pullers or pushers?
Elbow flexion:
ADLs = more neutral
Strongest in semi-prone positions
16
17. +
Radioulnar Pronators
Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus
Origin Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: Coranoid process of ulna
Insertion Middle of the lateral surface of the radius
Artery Ulnar artery and radial artery
Nerve Median nerve
Pronator Quadratus
Origin Medial, anterior surface of the ulna
Insertion Lateral, anterior surface of the radius
Artery Anterior interosseous artery
Nerve Median nerve
17
18. +
Conditioning Pronators & Supinators
Pronators
Loosening a screw, turning a door
Supinators
Tightening a screw
Throwing a curveball (extension, before release)
18
19. +THE HAND AND WRIST
Which activities would it be essential to have an
understanding of the hand & wrist?
20. +
HAND
The hand consists of 54 bones separated into three distinct regions:
The wrist (carpals)
The palm (metacarpals)
The finger digits (phalanges)
The eight carpal bones are the bones of the wrist
They largely assist in motility and support of the hand
20
21. +
HAND
Each hand consists of five metacarpal bones
The phalanges consist of three sections:
Proximal phalanges
Intermediate phalanges
Distal phalanges
Collectively, these bones make up the structure
known as the fingers
21
22. + Bones of the Hand
Metacarpals (5)
1-5
base (proximal)
head (distal)
shaft
Phalanges (14)
proximal (1-5)
middle (2-5)
distal (1-5)
base (proximal)
head (distal)
shaft
22
28. +
Muscles of Hand & Wrist
Movement
Complex mechanism
29 bones, > 25 jnts, > 30
muscles
28
29. +
Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic
Muscles acting at wrist & fingers
Originate outside hand (extrinsic)
Enter hand as tendons
Intrinsic (originate in hand)
29
30. +
Names Identify Function/Location
Flexor or extensor
Carpi – carpals
Radialis – radial side
Ulnaris – ulnar side
Digitorum- digits/fingers
Superfiscialis – superfiscial aspect
Profunda – deep
Indicis – index finger
Pollicis – thumb
Digiti minimi – pinky/little finger
30
31. +
Organization of Muscles
Finger Movement
Finger flexors (ant)
Flexor digitorum superfiscialis
flex each finger ind
Flexor digitorum profundus
O: med epicondyle
Thumb flexor
Flexor pollicis longus
Finger extensors (post)
Extensor digitorum
O: lat epicondyle
Extensor indicis
Extensor digitorum minimi
Thumb extensor
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
both abductors
Thumb abduction
Abductor pollicis longus
31
35. +
Wrist Extensors
Curling the wrist
Stabilize the wrist against resistance when forearm is
_____________
Important in backhand (racquet sports)
Draws the hand back
dribbling BK, throwing BB
35
36. Finger Flexion
Important in gripping
activity
Power grip
Wrap around object
Flexion all 3 finger jnts
Precision grip (pinch)
Limited flexion @ PIP, DIP
Only 1-2 fingers
36
38. +
Finger Extensors
Extensor digitorum
Only muscle involved in extension of all 4 fingers
Apply manual resistance to dorsal aspect of flexed fingers
then extending
38