Red Dragon Rising Understanding the Chinese Cyber Scenarios 02 march 2014
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Red Dragon Rising Understanding the Chinese Cyber Scenarios 02 march 2014 Cyber Warfare, Cyber Conflict, People's Republic of China, People's Liberation Army, 中國人民解放军, 中華人民共和國 #紅龍崛起, Communist Party Of China, 中國共產黨 , 信息對抗 - Xìnxī duìkàng information confrontation, 網絡戰 - Wǎngluò zhàn cyber warfare
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Red Dragon Rising Understanding the Chinese Cyber Scenarios 02 march 2014
- 2. 中 華 人 民 共 和 國 網 絡 代 碼 衝 突... 中国人民共和国 信息戰 Red Dragon Rising – China Challenges: People's Republic of China use of Computers & Networks as a Strategic Weapon 02 MARCH 2014 LTCOL (RET) William Hagestad II MSc Security Technologies MSc Management of Technology www.red-dragonrising.com hagestadwt@red-dragonrising.com Red-DragonRising.com©
- 6. “21st Century Chinese Cyber Warfare” “二十一世紀中國網絡戰” 取締中華人民共和國 Red-DragonRising.com© ISBN: 9781849283342
- 12. Is China Really the Enemy? Red-DragonRising.com©
- 13. Cyber Adversary Taxonomy Cyber Threat Motive Targets of Opportunity Methodologies Capabilities Nation States ~ Peace Time Economic, Military, National Secrets, Political Commercial Enterprises, Intelligence, National Defense, Governments, National Infrastructure Military & Intel specific cyber doctrine, hacktivists Asymmetric use of the cyber domain short of kinetic Nation States ~ War Time Economic, Military, Political Commercial Enterprises, Intelligence, National Defense, Governments, National Infrastructure Military & Intel specific cyber doctrine, hacktivists Asymmetric use of the cyber domain including kinetic Political Infrastructure, Extortion and Political Processes Combination of advanced persistent threats (APT) Developing – will be a concern in 2012 Cyber Terrorists & Insurgents Cyber Criminals – Grey & Black Markets Financial Criminal Organizations – RBS Financial Rogue Organizations – Anonymous, LulzSec Financial Military, National Secrets, Political Intellectual Property Theft, Fraud, Theft, Scams, Hijacked Network & Computer Resources, Cyber Crime for Hire Exploits, Malware Botnets, Worms & Trojans Cell-based structure as an APT Use of above with distinct planning Highly professional, dangerous Intellectual Property Theft, Direct & Indirect pressure on OGA Resources Organic hacking capabilities unsurpassed Organized yet decentralized Red-DragonRising.com©
- 15. 中國人民解放軍 1949 Information Warfare (IW) 毛泽东 Mao Tse-Tung Red-DragonRising.com©
- 17. Chinese Perspective…. 16 AUGUST 2011 – People’s Tribune Magazine - (人民论坛杂志) publishes several articles… 4 are very problematic for the United States…. – “A Sovereign Country Must Have Strong Defense” by Min Dahong, director of the Network & Digital Media Research Office @ China Academy of Social Sciences; – “America’s ‘Pandora’s Box’ Cyber Strategy Confuses the World” by Shen Yi Fudan University’s Department of International Politics; – “Cyber Power ‘Shuffles the Cards’: How China Can Overtake the Competition” by Tang Lan, Institute of Information and Social Development Studies at the China Institute of Contemporary International Relations; and – “How to Construct China’s Cyber Defenses” by Liu Zengliang, from the PLA National Defense University Red-DragonRising.com© http://www.rmlt.com.cn/qikan/2011-08-16/
- 20. 中國黑客…. 4 Groups…Official & Unofficial…. 第一…中國共產黨 (CPC) 第二…人民解放军 (PLA) 第三… 中國國有企業 (SOE) 第四個…中國黑客 (Hacktivists) Red-DragonRising.com©
- 21. 中國共產黨 - CPC ► Codified cyber warfare in 2010… • In response to US Cyber Command 6 months earlier… ► Official Edict: “protect national infrastructure from external cyber threats” – President Hu Jin tao ► President Hu’s successor Xi Jin ping …. Motivations: • Maintain & Retain Chinese Dream… • Ensure China’s Sovereignty… • Control Freedom of Search… • Ensure stable transition of Communist Regime… Red-DragonRising.com©
- 22. Chinese Information and Cyber Warfare Government Intent Golden Shield…Filter the Chinese Internet o Designed 1998 o Operational NOV 2003 o CISCO powered – cost $ 800M USD o China’s Ministry of Public Security (MPS) operates…. Green Dam….1 July 2009…new PC’s must have Chinese Government Spyware…. Military Focus Civilian Dimension http://www.certmag.com/read.php?in=3906 http://www.e-ir.info/2010/04/13/chinese-information-and-cyber-warfare/ http://www.zdnet.com/blog/government/china-demands-new-pcs-carryspyware/4906 Red-DragonRising.com©
- 23. 人民解放军- PLA ► 500 BC Sun-Tzu’s Art of War – basis ► Sun Ping’s Military Methods ► 1995 - Major General Wang Pufeng – Founding father of Chinese Information Warfare (IW) ► 1999 - War Without Limits – PLAAF Senior Colonel’s Qiao Liang & Wang Xiangsui ► 2002 - PLA's IW strategy spearheaded by Major General Dai Qingmin Integrated Network-Electronic Warfare (INEW) Red-DragonRising.com©
- 24. 信息支持（保證）基地 19 JUL 2010 Cyber Base…. Official Mission…Protect the national infrastructure of the People’s Republic of China… Established 6 Months AFTER U.S. says “we are taking military approach to Internet…” Red-DragonRising.com©
- 25. Official Statement of Chinese IW 20 JUL 2010 – ‘ordered by President Hu Jintao to handle cyber threats as China enters the information age, & strengthen the nation's cyber-infrastructure’ General Staff Directorate’s (GSD) Cyber Warfare ‘Princelings’… General Zhang Qinsheng 章沁生 General Chen Bingde 陈炳德 漢族…Han Chinese General Ma Xiaotian 马晓天 Communist… Technologists… Vice Admiral Sun Jianguo 孙建国 PLA Leaders…. & Major General Hou Shu sen 侯树森 中國人 Red-DragonRising.com©
- 26. 目前中國網絡戰的戰術 China’s “Goal is to achieve a strategic objective…over adversaries…” “You have to meet my political conditions or your government will be toppled, or you promise to meet some of my political conditions.” • Major General Hu Xiaofeng, Deputy Director for the National Defense University Department of Information Warfare and Training Command • Professor Meng Xiangqing, National Defense University Institute for Strategic Studies 黑暗訪問者, 2009; [Online] Available at: http://www.thedarkvisitor.com/category/uncategorized/ Red-DragonRising.com©
- 27. 黑客 - Hacktivists Originally supported by CPC & PLA • • • • Now uncontrollable….Golden Shield Project? Comment Group… Elderwood Gang… Use of known Chinese malware for commercial purposes now… Reinforce PRC’s nationalism via the web • • • • Taiwan, the renegade Chinese Province Punishing Japan for WWII war crimes, Daiyu Islands Confronting Philippines, Oil near Huangyuan Codera’s anti-Chinese web rhetoric Capability to carry out Chinese State Policies without attribution…. Red-DragonRising.com©
- 28. 很多 年華 中國 Cyber Activity 1995 – Chinese General MG Wang Pu Feng describes attacking via Internet 1997 – “War Beyond Limits” (Unrestricted Warfare) is written by 2 Senior Chinese Colonels 2001 China warns of massive hack attacks 2002 - “informatization”信息化 campaign begins Chinese Communist Party (CCP) General Secretary and Central Military Commission (CMC) Chairman Jiang Zemin, a speech before the 16th Party Congress 2003 - Titan Rain泰坦雨 US DoD & Government websites targeted 2004 – Japan targeted by Chinese over disputed Daiyu Islands 2007 – GhostNet 幽灵网 Global CnC network with IP addresses in People’s Republic of China 2008 – Byzantine Hades - targeted cyber operations against the U.S. government using social engineering and malicious attachments and links in e-mail messages. 2008 - MI5 writes to more than 300 senior executives at banks, accountants and legal firms warning them - the Chinese army is using Internet spyware to steal confidential information 2009 - Operation Aurora 操作极光 International Energy Industry targeted 2009 – Night Dragon夜龙 Global multinationals attacked via Internet 2010 – Article - Should we be afraid of Chinese hackers?...Or lost cyber war? 2011 -US needs to get better at preventing foreign access to advanced technology - GAO watchdogs find holes in high-tech access, licensing rules 2011 – Chinese military CCTv-7 demonstrates GUI Hacking of University of Alabama 2011 – Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive (ONCIX) Report indicates both China & Russia target IP 2011 – Operation Shady RAT FIVE year campaign of economic & intelligence data exfiltration 2012 – “Occupying the Information High Ground: Chinese Capabilities for Computer Network Operations and Cyber Espionage” 2012 – Chinese Technology Policy & Cyber Offensive Operations - April 2012 – China & Philippines engage in mutual cyber attacks over Scarborough Shoals – April 2012 – “US & China must work to avoid cyber conflict” DefSec Panetta NORTHRUP GRUMMAN March 7, 2012 2012 – Chinese Hackers hack White Nuclear Secrets Network 2012 – US House Intelligence cites Huawei & ZTE as threats to National Security 2013 – Shanghai Jaiotong University tied to PLA hacking unit Red-DragonRising.com©
- 29. 0 結束狀態 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Cyber-espionage is state sponsored; yet direct attribution is an illusion…. 中華人民共和國 plans cyber-espionage – defensively & offensively; Cultural, economic, historical & linguistic threads中國 cyber-espionage; 中國, although advocating citizen hacking, no longer controls it; Commercial enterprises worldwide are permeable to中國cyber hacking in all form & methods; 6) 中國malware, RATs, Botnets are undiscoverable…. 7) Mandarin Chinese (complex and simple) are an exceptional form of cryptography… 8) All Western InfoSec Technology are ineffective against中國 attacks; 9) Companies cannot defend adequately from the various alleged Chinese information warfare threats of Next Generation Warfare; 10) Offensive Cyber Capabilities must be developed…..protect your IP & Network 11)中華人民共和國 cyber-espionage threat serious & only become much worse….. Red-DragonRising.com©
- 30. . DO NOT become a Chinese Cyber Espionage case study in my slide deck! 中國國有企業 Red-DragonRising.com©
- 31. “21st Century Chinese Cyber Warfare” “二十一世紀中國 網絡戰” Available : ISBN: 9781849283342 Red-DragonRising.com©