1. Introduction to Business Organisations Organisation of Departments Standard Grade Administration

2. An Organisation Chart is used to show the structure of an organisation. An example is shown here: ORGANISATION CHARTS

6. LEVELS OF RESPONSIBILITY Those members of staff who carry out similar activities in the organisation SENIOR MANAGEMENT MIDDLE MANAGEMENT JUNIOR MANAGEMENT SUPERVISORS, SENIOR ASSISTANTS LOWER LEVEL EMPLOYEES

7. LINES OF COMMUNICATION Organisations must communicate information efficiently and effectively in order for it to survive and grow If there are many levels within the organisation there is more chance of communication breaking down as information is handled by more people The chain of command shown is: Board of Directors Managing Director Sales Director Sales Manager Board of Directors Managing Director Sales Director Sales Manager

8. LINES OF RESPONSIBILITY These show people in the organisation who are in charge of the work of other members of staff. Line Relationships These exist between line managers and the staff immediately below them. Members of staff are accountable to their line manager for any actions decisions they take. Line relationships are shown by VERTICAL lines on an organisation chart. The Sales Director is in charge of the work carried out by both the Sales Manager and Marketing Manager A line relationship exists between the Sales Director and the Marketing Manager in the above example Sales Director Sales Manager Marketing Manager

9. LATERAL RELATIONSHIPS These exist between employees who are on the same level and who report to the same line manager. The employees CANNOT give instructions to each other. Lateral relationships are shown by HORIZONTAL lines on an organisation chart. A lateral relationship exists between the Sales Manager, the Finance Manager and the Personnel Manager. They are all on the same level of responsibility, they all report to the same manager and neither can give the others orders. Personnel Manager Finance Manager Managing Director Sales Manager

10. Organisational Structure