1. BAE Systems
Benefits and Challenges with clean technology in the
China transit market
Michael Reilly，Chief Representative，China
31 October 2012
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2. Path to Lighter Weight, Higher Energy Efficiency and Improved Performance
Vehicles Components Benefits
• Electric motors and • Improved overall energy
• Hybrids
controls for propulsion management
• Plug in hybrids
• Electric motors and • Maximized use of regenerative
• Fuel cell vehicles energy
controls for accessory
• Battery-electric components like air • Reduced operating cost
vehicles conditioning and other • Electric drive component
• Trolley buses systems compatibility/commonality/Re-use
• Light and heavy rail • Power Electronics • Lighter vehicle weight
• Energy storage systems • Improved safety
• Battery chargers • Zero emissions
• Lower noise operation
Systems integrator for cleaner, smarter transportation
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3. Global bus
• Fleet
– 3,800+ systems in service
– World’s largest hybrid bus fleet: New York City (1675 buses,
800 units equipped with lithium-ion energy storage,
10,000,000 miles accumulated)
– Other hybrid bus fleets: Houston, London, Ottawa, San
Francisco, Seattle, Toronto and more
• Fleet usage
– More than 300 million miles cumulative
– HybriDrive propulsion systems travel an average of 12 million
miles each month
– 1.8 million + passengers trips daily
– 1 billion passenger trips cumulative
• Public benefits
– 25 million gallons saved cumulative – up to 40% better MPG
– 280,000 tons of CO2 prevented cumulative
In use around the world - zero emission adaptable
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4. Hybrid architectures – series vs. parallel
Series Hybrid Drive Train Parallel Hybrid Drive Train
ENERGY ENERGY
CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER
STORAGE STORAGE
GENERATOR
GENERATOR
MOTOR
MOTOR
GEAR
ENGINE MOTOR ENGINE TRANSMISSION
-BOX
Integrated Integrated
Drive Unit Drive Unit
Electric Interconnect
Mechanical Interconnect
• Sized for desired braking energy capture
• Sized for full all-electric mobility
• Engine still mechanically coupled to road;
• No mechanical coupling of engine to road enables
enables higher efficiency at highway speeds
maximum control over engine operation
• Scalable for a wide range of duty cycles
• Applicable for fuel cell or battery powered vehicles
• Ideal for trucks
• Ideal for urban Transit Buses
Architecture choice dependent on vocation and duty cycle
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5. HybriDriveTM series hybrid system overview: core components
HybriDrive® series
propulsion systems are
suitable for all-electric
vehicles as well… simply
omit the engine and
generator
Energy Storage System
(ESS)
Propulsion Control System
(PCS)
Modular Traction System (MTS) Accessory Power System
(Traction Motor, Generator, Gearbox) (APS)
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6. Altoona Fuel Economy Results – Baseline system
Altoona Fuel Economy
NFI 40' Bus
8.0
7.4 NFI w/ BAE Systems
Bus #904 - BRT
7.0 Test Year 2009
GVW 42,410
6.1
SLW 38,300
6.0 Eng ISB 260
5.2
5.0
5.0 NFI w/Allison
4.4 Bus #511 - DE40LF
4.2 4.2 Test Year 2005
MPG
4.0 3.9 GVW 41,730
3.6
SLW 35,770
3.0 3.1 Eng ISL 280
3.0 2.6
NFI Diesel
2.0 Bus #607 D40LF
Test Year 2006
GVW 37,970
1.0 SLW 31,860
Eng ISM 280
0.0
CBD ART COM TOTAL
Duty Cycle
Optimizations post testing further improved fuel economy
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7. London test results
• 17 vehicles on 4 routes
• 97%+ availability of hybrid system in service
• 94%+ availability of vehicle in service
• 250,000+ in service miles for Enviro 400H double decker
• 100,000 in service miles for Enviro 200H single decker
• Fuel economy figures vary from route to route, but are achieving up
to 30% saving in fuel used
Operator Route Number Total Average Average % Average Availability of
of Miles Hybrid Diesel MPG Reduction MPH Hybrid
Vehicles MPG in Fuel Use System
London
24 5 63000+ 6.8 5.4 21 6.7 97%
General
Metrolin
16 5 70000+ 7.1 5.2 27 7.2 98%
e
London
482 2 41000+ 8.2 5.7 30 12.8 99%
United
London
371 5 38000+ 9.6 7.7 20 10.2 97%
United
Up to 30 percent savings in fuel demonstrated in service
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8. Issues to Consider
• Benefits clear – less fuel consumption, reduce emissions, smoother
ride. Do they outweigh the challenges?
• Costs: - are fuel cost savings over the lifecycle of the bus enough to
achieve lower overall capital cost?
• Subsidies: - is subsidy policy appropriate, or targeted on inappropriate
objectives? Are subsidies sufficiently attractive?
• Technology: - is current policy achieving desired results?
- is technology reliable/robust enough for demands?
- what is the most appropriate system to use?
- are batteries sufficiently reliable?
Your optimum Power Management System supplier in a rapidly changing world
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