Delivery systems designed to meet the needs of women and the poor
1. Delivery systems designed to meet the
Delivery systems designed to meet the
needs of women and the poor
Louise Sperling
Workshop in celebration of the lives of Dr María Jesús ("Chusa") Ginés
and Ms Verónica Mera
2. Last of three Ds?
Last of three Ds?
Discovery
Deployment
Discovery Deployment Delivery
Delivery
9. FARMERS EAGER TO TRY NEW VARIETIES
(
(seed‐based technologies)
g )
Testing novel bean varieties
Rwanda: 40-70 during a lifetime
DRC: 20-30 during a lifetime
11. Conventional Model
C i lM d l
Bean NARS led centralized seed systems
A few released popular On farm variety testing
varieties
Parastatal seed producers/ Farmer research groups/individual farmers
suppliers
GO/NGOs (for development projects
+ as seed relief)
Farmers Farmers Traders
12. Research Dynamism. vs. Seed Supply
(beans)
Country # var. # var.supplied by Seed
released formal seed channels coverage by
(96-04) formal seed
supply (%)
DRC 18 4 <2
Ethiopia 23 3 0.8
Rwanda 20 5 2
Uganda
U d 11 2 5
18. Research into seed delivery systems :
key features for women/poor
key features for women/poor
Variety has to be REALLY good
Seed has to be available‐ qtes, in geographic proximity, in time for
planting (lots and near!)
Seed has to be ‘accessible’’
“low” cost
or via exchange/barter networks
Quality: acceptable to end‐users (trusted sources)
Information sufficient for farmers to make informed decisions
Information sufficient for farmers to make informed decisions
Ongoing supplies (responding to demand)
(Sperling+ Loevinsohn, 1993; Buruchara + David 1994 Sperling, Scheidegge
+ Burchara 1996;, David + Sperling 1999 ;Rubyogo et al. 2010)
24. Developing IPGs: delivery systems
Small P k
S ll Packs
Get new varieties to farmers
(80g 250g 500g, kg, kg
(80 250 500 1 k 2 k , 5 k kg
Uncover demand
Varieties
Seed
Expand market for certified
Leldet Seed
Company:, Kenya
25. New small pack model adopted: wide scale
AGRA
AGRA Nat l programs (legumes):
Nat’l programs (legumes):
$US 150 million Mali
Kenya
Private seed companies Ethiopia
Leldet; Kenya
Leldet; Kenya Nigeria
Dimitri‐ Malawi Mozambique
Niger
26. Small pack: Proof of Concept; with BMGF
Small pack: Proof of Concept; with BMGF
Small pack concept cross cuts BMGF:
Small pack concept cross cuts BMGF:
Agriculture
Market Access
Extension
Gender
Profitable– yet wealth + gender sensitive
27. Three central queries
Can Research identify strategic features of Delivery
Systems: pro poor , pro women?
Can Research catalyze the implementation of such
Delivery Systems‐ through testing and evaluating
approaches?
Can Research provide the key evidence needed for
high level policy change– to promote more
h hl l l h
effective Delivery ?
Yes Research can !
29. Proposed action 1. Research has to
sharpen delivery visions (all profitable)
h d li ii ( ll fi bl )
Private Sector Public Sector
Public Sector
Maximize profit
Maximize profit Sustainable profits + equity
Sustainable profits + equity
focus best clientele Focus broad range clientele
move only big winners move range of varieties
Sell in high population Sell geographically dispersed
areas areas
30. Proposed action 2. Donors/Project
managers have to ‘demand’ positive impact
h ‘d d’ ii i
Delivery R+D has to be built into project
Clear initial targets should be set for
l l h ld b f
ID of : gender‐ neutral /wealth neutral delivery
ID f d l/ lh l d li
processes
Actual target thresholds should be set (to push
the bounds))
32. Proposed action 4: Donors/Research
Directors need to make hard decisions ($$$)
Di d k h dd i i ($$$)
Refuse to fund: programs with no delivery R+D
Refuse to fund: programs with no delivery R+D
(unless delivery strategy fully ‘solved)’
Stop programs in which delivery is biased– leaving out
the poor and women (no matter how productive,
the poor and women (no matter how productive,
lucrative)
Promote/recommend, scaling up – with partners only
if delivery options are gender neutral, wealth neutral
y p g
33. Time to plan delivery strategy at the highest
Time to plan delivery strategy at the highest
levels ‐‐for more effective agricultural R+D
More food security
More food security
More economic growth
More economic growth
Greater empowerment of women
and the poor