Las Comunicaciones Nacionales Brasileñas y sus liciones para la América Latina
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This document discusses Brazil's national communications on climate change and lessons they provide for Latin America. It references Brazil's REDD+ strategy and policies aimed at reducing deforestation in the Amazon, including regulations establishing deforestation limits. It also discusses Brazil's use of hydroelectric dams for carbon credits through the Clean Development Mechanism and debates around the impacts of dams on greenhouse gas emissions.
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Las Comunicaciones Nacionales Brasileñas y sus liciones para la América Latina
- 1. Las Comunicaciones Nacionales Brasileñas y sus liciones para la América Latina Philip M. Fearnside Instituto Nacional de Investigación de la Amazonía – INPA http://philip.inpa.gov.br Aporte a las Contribuciones Nacionales (INDC) de Perú y la financiación internacional para el cambio climático en América Latina: Ronda de comentarios y reflexiones. 2014 Global Landscape Forum (GLF). Org. CIFOR & DAR, Hotel Westin , Lima. 6 Diciembre 2014. “
- 2. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Serviços Ambientais da Amazônia – SERVAMB http://inct-servamb.inpa.gov.br/
- 8. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente (MMA). The Brazilian Redd Strategy. MMA, Brasília, DF, 29 pp. (2009).
- 11. (Resolução BACEN nº 3.545/2008)
- 12. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente (MMA). The Brazilian Redd Strategy. MMA, Brasília, DF, 29 pp. (2009).
- 14. (MCT, 2004. Comunicação Nacional, p. 146)
- 15. (Plano Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima, p. 67)
- 16. Emissões do corte do Cerrado: (Comunicação Nacional, p. 146)
- 18. (Grandin 2012, p. 14) Bubbles in a tributary in Santo Antônio.
- 21. Fearnside & Pueyo, 2012. Nature Climate Change
- 23. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2011) Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Edenhofer O, Madruga RP, Sokona Y, Seyboth K, Eickemeier P, Matschoss P, Hansen G, Kadner S, Schlomer S, Zwickel T von Stechow C (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1075 pp [available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srren/srren_full_report.pdf] p. 982.
- 26. CDM Hydro pipeline [a] Country Total Installed CO2e[c] % of projects[b] capacity average/yr total (MW) (million t) CO2e China 1,410 61,280 179.7 62.2 Brazil 117 8,495 17.8 6.2 Other non-Annex I[d] 774 88,577 91.4 31.6 Total 2,301 158,352 288.9 100.0 [a] as of 30 January 2012. Data from Chu (2012) based on the UNEP Risoe Centre (http://cdmpipeline.org/). [b] Includes both "large" (defined by the CDM as > 15 MW) and "small" (≤ 15 MW) projects. [c] 1 ton carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO2e) = 1 certified emissions reduction (CER). [d]Countries without limits on their emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. (Fearnside, 2013)
- 27. Fearnside, P.M. 2013. Credit for climate mitigation by Amazonian dams: Loopholes and impacts illustrated by Brazil’s Jirau Hydroelectric Project. Carbon Management 4(6): 681-696. doi: 10.4155/CMT.13.57 Fearnside, P.M. 2013. Carbon credit for hydroelectric dams as a source of greenhouse-gas emissions: The example of Brazil’s Teles Pires Dam. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 18(5): 691-699. doi: 10.1007/s11027-012-9382-6
- 33. Laurance et al., 2014
- 34. Laurance et al., 2014
- 35. Laurance, W.F.; A.S. Andrade, A. Magrach, J.L.C. Camargo, J.J. Valsko, M. Campbell, P.M. Fearnside, W. Edwards, T.E. Lovejoy & S.G. Laurance. 2014. Long-term changes in liana abundance and forest dynamics in undisturbed Amazonian forests. Ecology 95(6): 1604-1611. doi: 10.1890/13-1571.1 Laurance, W.F.; A.S. Andrade, A. Magrach, J.L.C. Camargo, M. Campbell, P.M. Fearnside, W. Edwards, J.J. Valsko, T.E. Lovejoy & S.G. Laurance. 2014. Apparent environmental synergism drives the dynamics of Amazonian forest fragments. Ecology 95(11): 3018-3026. doi: 10.1890/14-0330.1
- 36. Fearnside, P.M. 2013. What is at stake for Brazilian Amazonia in the climate negotiations. Climatic Change. 118(3): 509- 519. doi: 10.1007/s10584-012-0660-9 Fearnside, P.M. 2012. Brazil's Amazon Forest in mitigating global warming: unresolved controversies. Climate Policy 12(1): 70-81. doi: 10.1080/14693062.2011.581571