CJCJ's Executive Director Daniel Macallair, is a practitioner-in-residence at San Francisco State University (SFSU)'s Department of Criminal Justice Studies. These slides are from his Juvenile Justice course materials.

1. EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION IN
THE JUVENILE SYSTEM
MAXIMIZING POTENTIAL SUCCESS
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San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

2. Effective Juvenile Justice Programs: What the Research Says
Focus limited resources on the highest risk youths.
Resources applied to low-risk cases will have small
effects and is not cost-effective
Programs that take a therapeutic approach to
changing behavior by focusing on constructive
personal development yield the best results.
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San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

3. Goals of Effective Juvenile Justice
Intervention
Rehabilitation
Reintegration
Sustainability
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San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

4. Positive Youth Development
A 21st Century Approach to Intervention
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San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

5. Principles of Positive Youth Development
• Strives to enhance individual and community capacities
• Youths exercise meaningful decision making over their programs
• Strives to eliminate racial/ethnic, gender, disability, sexual
orientation and class barriers to treatment
• Emphasis is placed on building ties to community-based
organizations
• Emphasis is on changing the youths environment in which youths
live along with changing youths.
• Combines challenging learning activities while allowing for
recreational needs
• Provides youth opportunity to serve their community
• Provides the necessary skill building to achieve lifelong employment
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

6. PYD Through a Model Juvenile Justice System of Care
 COMMUNITY BASED PROGRAMMING
 COORDINATED CONTINUUM OF CARE
 UNCONDITIONAL CARE
 NORMALIZATION
 INDIVIDUALIZED PROGRAMMING
 FLEXIBLE FUNDING
 AFTERCARE AND FOLLOW-UP
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

7. Case Planning for Effective
Interventions
Identifying Strengths and Risks
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San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

8. Strength-based factors in intervention
planning
 Stable family relationships
 Stable family income
 Presence of responsible extended family
 Demonstrates academic interest or promise
 Stable neighborhood
 Non-delinquent peers
 No drug use
 No gang involvement
 Vocational interest
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

9. Risk-based factors in intervention planning
 Unstable and dysfunctional family
 Few positive extended family relationships
 High crime neighborhood
 Gang involvement
 Delinquent identity
 No stable financial support
 School drop out
 Sees little hope for the future
 Moderate to serious substance abuse
 Long term pattern of delinquent behavior
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

10. COMMON PRE-ADJUDICATION
INTERVENTIONS
 DAY REPORTING
 INFORMAL
PROBATION  TEMPORARY FOSTER
DIVERSION CARE
 NON-SECURE SHETER
 DETENTION HOME
DIVERSION
ADVOCACY  STAFF SECURE SHELTER
HOME
 SUPERVISED HOME
DETENTION  SECURE DETENTION
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

11. Post Disposition Interventions
 FORMAL PROBATION
SUPERVISION  DAY TREATMENT
 RESTORATIVE JUSTICE  INDEPENDENT LIVING
 VOLUNTEER MENTORING  SPECIALIZED FOSTER CARE
 FAMILY COUNSELING  NONSECURE RESIDENTIAL
CARE
 EDUCATION/VOCATIONAL
TRAINING/ON-THE-JOB  STAFF SECURE RESIDENTIAL
TRAINING TREATMENT
 STRESS/CHALLENGE  SECURE TREATMENT (no more
EXPERIENTIAL EDUCATION than 20 beds per living unit)
 INTENSIVE CASE
MANAGEMENT
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 WRAPAROUND SERVICES www.cjcj.org

San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

12. CASE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Case Manager
Assessment Case Planning Referral Monitoring
Evaluation
Day Mentoring
Treatment Service
Youth
Family
Counseling
Vocational
Training
30-Day
Experiential
Education
Challenge
program
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San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

13. CONTINUUM OF SERVICES
Secure Staff secure Non secure Independent Wraparound Home Unsupervised
Facility facility residential living aftercare supervision release
facility
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San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

14. Iatrogenic Effect
• The terms iatrogenesis and iatrogenic artifact refers to
inadvertent adverse effects or complications caused by
or resulting from medical treatment or advice. In addition
to harmful consequences of actions by physicians,
iatrogenesis can also refer to actions by other healthcare
professionals, such as psychologists, therapists,
pharmacists, nurses, dentists, and others, traditional and
non-traditional.
•
• Source: Merriam Webster Online
• www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary /iatrogenesis
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San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

15. Goals of Secure Treatment
 Stabilization
 Treatment
 Behavioral
change/Reduced
Aggression
 Aftercare planning
 Aftercare follow-up
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

16. The relationship between living unit populations and the
development of institutional subcultures
Number of Living Unit Residents Possible Relationship Pairings
10 45
20 190
40 780
60 1770
80 3160
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San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

17. Components of Effective Secure
Services
• Integrated services/treatment that include:
Secure Design
Staff to Youth Ratio 1:3
Maximum Living Unit Population = 20 youths or less
Education Program
Vocational Program
Recreational Program
Psychiatric Services
Therapeutic Counseling
Family Involvement
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

18. Residential Care
• Located in residential area
• Utilizes community resources
• Normalized environment
• Subject to state licensing and
inspections
• Houses delinquent and non-
delinquent youth
• No locked doors, mechanical
restraints, or isolation rooms
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

19. Independent Living Program
• Youth who are 18-21 and have
no place to live
• Provides subsidized housing
• Provides supportive case
management and services
• Provides a bridge to long term
independence
• Prevents homelessness
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

20. Day Treatment Program
• Highest level of community
support outside of residential
treatment
• Operates at least 8-10 hours
per day
• Provides full range of
educational services
• Offers range of mental health
services
• Family counseling
• Vocational training
• Recreational activities
• 3 meals a day
• Transportation
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

21. Wraparound Services
Principles of WRAP:
 Family voice and choice
 Team-based
 Natural Supports.
 Collaboration
 Community-based
 Culturally Competent
 Individualized
 Strengths based
 Persistence
 Outcome based
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

22. Measuring Success
Determining the most effective interventions
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San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

23. Evidence Informed Practice
• Ability to assess actual risk/needs
• Ability to enhance intrinsic motivation
• Ability to target interventions, based on:
 Risk principle: prioritize supervision and treatment resources for higher
risk offenders
 Needs Principle: Target interventions to criminogenic needs
 Responsivity Principle: Be responsive to temperament, learning style,
motivation, culture, and gender when assigning programs
 Dosage: Structure 40-70% of high-risk offenders’ time for 3-9 months
 Treatment: Integrate treatment into the full sentence/sanctions
requirements
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EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

24. EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
 Ability to train in proper practice
 Ability to increase positive reinforcement
 Ability to engage in ongoing support in clients’ communities
 Ability to measure relevant processes/practices
 Ability to provide measurement and feedback
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013