This document summarizes work on extrapolation domains and land use plans for Bangladesh's coastal zone. It describes: 1. Partners involved including research institutes. 2. Outputs including extrapolation domains maps to show suitable areas for new cropping systems now and in the future, and land use plans under different scenarios. 3. A webGIS system to openly share spatial data and models to improve access to information for stakeholders in planning and policymaking.

1. Extrapolation domains and land use
plans for the coastal zone of
Bangladesh
Andy Nelson and Parvesh Chandna on behalf
of G1 partners
12 Nov 2013

2. Partners and acknowledgements
IRRI International Rice Research Institute
IWM Institute of Water Modelling
LGED Local Government Engineering Department
SRDI Soil Resources Development Institute
BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board

3. OUTCOMES
Change in Knowledge,
Attitude and/or Skills
PROJECT OUTPUTS
Change in Practice /
Behaviour
IMPACT
Local GO, extension agents and scientists responsible for
agricultural technical innovations, national policy makers
Extrapolation domains
for each technology
Learn about new
technologies and where its
chances of adoption is
greatest.
Use of domain maps as a
decision support tool to
more effectively scale up
the adoption of new
technologies.
Current and future land
use plans in coastal
zone
Understand the implications
of different land use plans
under different future
scenarios.
Use the maps as
decision support tools
when planning future
interventions.
WebGIS to share and
disseminate G1
Learn about advantages of
open access and mutual
More straightforward
and streamlined data
Increased chances
of developing a
national open
(spatial) data policy
Increased chances
of appropriate
technology
adoption and
likelihood of
adoption of
sustainable land
and water use
policies.

4. Best bet options in coastal Bangladesh
Target area for extrapolation domains
Outputs

5. Coastal polders cover 1m ha
Target area for extrapolation domains
Outputs

6. Target area for extrapolation domains
Outputs
Low saline - Polder 43/2f
Up to two crops per year
High saline - Polder 3
Rice/shrimp &
Aquaculture
Moderately saline - Polder
30 – Usually one crop per
year

7. Best bet options in coastal Bangladesh
Suitable areas for innovative cropping systems?
Spatial analysis of suitability factors/constraints
How will this change in future?
Impact of future scenarios on factors/constraints
How can we inform stakeholders about the
opportunities?
Improved dissemination/sharing of information

8. G1 Outputs
Land use maps
“What is there now?”
Cropping system extrapolation domains
“What works where? Now and in the future”
Southwest Coastal Region Information System
“Open access spatial data - webGIS”

9. 1 million ha of extrapolation domains
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From the 2008 Agriculture census
1.45m farm holdings, 10% of national total
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7.3 million people and 2m labourers
700,000 ha, average holding < 0.5ha
Irrigated area is 25%, national average is 68%
HYV rice area 24%, national average is 56%
?
?

10. Four current cropping systems
Aman - Rabi
Traditional Aman rice and Rabi non-winter crop
T. Aus - Aman
Transplanted HYV Aus rice and traditional Aman rice
Shrimp
Brackish water shrimp
Year round aquaculture
Extensive gher based year round brackish water poly
culture

11. Target area for extrapolation domains
Opportunity for rice Aug-Nov and shrimp Feb-Jun
Current practice – shrimp farming in Feb-Jun
Daily water salinity
Lower threshold limit of salinity - Shrimp
Water salinity (ppt)
Upper threshold limit of salinity - Rice
Shrimp
Rice
Date
Opportunities for intensification (Polder 3)

12. Seven innovative cropping systems
Low saline zone
Aus HYV - Aman HYV
T.Aus HYV - Aman HYV - Rabi
T.Aus HYV - Aman HYV - Boro HYV
Moderate saline zone
Aman HYV - Boro HYV
Aman HYV - Rabi
High saline zone
Shrimp+fish - HYV Aman+fish
Improved year round aquaculture
Polder 43/2F
Polder 43/2F
Polder 43/2F
Polder 30 & 43/2F
Polder 30
Polder 3
Polder 3

13. Extrapolation domains …

14. Characterise the cropping systems
1 Expert assessment of the requirements for
each cropping system.
2 Identification and collection of data that either
measure or act as proxies for those requirement.
3 Suitability scores based on location specific
characteristics relative to the cropping system
requirements.
4 Suitability maps for each cropping system.
5 Review and revise maps with focus groups.

15. We start with a narrative…
Aman - Rabi
Traditional Aman rice is transplanted in Aug and
harvested in Dec/Jan. Aman rice is almost entirely
rainfed and uses local varieties that can withstand flood
depth to 0.8 m.
The Rabi crop (e.g. sesame, mungbean) is seeded in
Feb-Mar and harvested in May-Jun. The Rabi crop uses
residual soil moisture with supplemental irrigation
when ground water or (stored) canal water is available.
Rainfall at the end of the rabi season can negatively
affect the crop, thus good surface drainage is important.

16. Some are quite complex…
T.Aus HYV - Aman HYV - Boro HYV
A short duration Aus HYV is seeded in early April, transplanted in late April and
harvested by end of July. The Aus crop uses seedbeds and land preparation and is
irrigated when river water is fresh, with groundwater (GW) or from canal water. In
this case, capacity of gravity irrigation is considered.
Short duration, non photoperiod sensitive Aman HYV is transplanted by first week of
August and harvested by the end of November. The Aman rice crop is completely
rainfed. Its performance depends greatly on maximum inundation depth/land
topography. When inundation depth > 0.4 m, drainage capacity must be considered.
This, in turn depends on the difference between land elevation and the water levels at
low tides and distance from canals/rivers.
Boro HYV is transplanted before mid December and harvested by mid April. The
Boro rice crop is irrigated with GW or river water (when fresh) or with water stored
in canal networks. When river water is fresh, the ability to irrigate by gravity is
considered. Storage capacity is considered when stored water is used. Distance from
water source is considered in both cases.
…a lot of data needed

17. Irrigation 1 Fresh (< 4dS/m) ground water availability
with GW 2 Ground water pumping depth
3 Latest month when river water <3 dS/m
4 Maximum river water salinity in April/May
5 Maximum river water salinity in August
Irrigation 6 Difference in high water level in April and land surface for gravity irrigation
with SW 7 Difference in high water level in March and land surface for gravity irrigation
8 Difference (m) in land surface and high water level in Mar/Apr for irrigation
9 Storage capacity
10 Proximity to river, canal, ponds, for irrigation
11 Proximity to river, canal, for drainage
12 Maximum inundation depth/land type
13 Maximum inundation depth for > three days in May
14 Maximum inundation depth in September/October
Drainage
15 Maximum inundation depth for > one week in September/October
16 Maximum inundation depth for > two weeks in September/October
17 Difference in land surface and low water level in May for drainage
18 Difference in land surface and low water level in September/October for drainage
19 Soil texture
Soil
20 Soil pH
21 Soil salinity
22 lowest water salinity during January and highest during April (ppt)
gher water
23 Inundation depth/land type
24 Weekly air minimum temperature at stocking
25 Weekly mean minimum air temperature in January
Climate
26 Two-week mean air temperature in December and January
27 Cumulative rainfall in July & August
Social and 28 Livelihood/asset index
economic 29 Technology adoption index

18. Requirement for aquaculture
Extensive Gher based year round brackish water aquaculture
Description
Shrimp PL is stocked
in Feb when there is
brackish water
adequate and suitable
temperature, brackish
water Fish is stocked
few weeks later.
Water is replenished
as needed. Harvest
starts after 2 month
until end of Nov.
Minimum air
temperature
for 1week (C)
Minimum salinity
(ppt) at PL
stocking
Land type /
Inundation
depth
Soil
texture
Acidity (pH)
>25
S1
>10
S1
0.5 - 0.7
S1
clay
Loam
S1
6.5 - 7.5
S1
20 - 25
S2
5 to 10
S2
0.7- 1;
0.3 - 0.5
S2
Loam
S1
5.5 - 6.5;
7.5 - 8.5
S2
18 -20
S3
2-5
S3
1 - 1.2;
0 - 0.3
S3
Sandy
loam
S2
4.5 5.5;
8.5 - 9.5
S3
<18
SN
<2
SN
> 1.2; no
inundation
SN
Sandy
SN
<4.5;
>9.5
SN
S1 = Most Suitable
S2 = Suitable
S3 = Least Suitable
SN = Not Suitable

19. Water requirements for Aman - Boro
Aman - Boro
Water quality and availability in dry season
Difference
Internal
Aman - Boro Fresh (< 4dS/m), Month when and availability in wet season(m) in high
Water quality
storage
Description of
river water
Proximity to water level in
ground water
capacity in
Land use
still remain
river,Difference (m)and land
canal,
Mar in land
relation to land
Description of Land availability and
Maximum inundation ponds (m)
type(technology)
fresh
Maximum inundation depth
surface andsurface for
low water
pumping depth
area
use
depth (m) for more than
(<4 dS/m)
gravity
(m) in August
level in Sep/Oct for
(ML/ha)
type(technology)
one week in Sep/Oct
irrigation (m)
drainage
Boro rice is seeded
Aman HYV rice is
around 15 Nov. (MS)
transplanted in JulytoAugust, to be Aman
15 Dec (LS).
rice is rainfed. Boro
harvested by the end
rice is irrigated with
of November
river water (when
(Moderate Salinity
fresh) oror December
zone) with water
stored in canal
(low saline zone).
networks.
Yes, < 6 m
< 0.1
S1
>
No 0.3
S1 = Most Suitable
S1 0.2 > 5
<
S1
S1
<50 > 1
S2
FebS2
0.2 2.5
S2 – 0.5 - 5
S2
S2
0.5
50-100 - 1 S2
0.5 - 1 S2 S2
S3
Jan
S3
0.5 – 0.8
S3
1 - 2.5
S3
S3
0.2 – 0.5
100-300
S3
0.2 - 0.5
SN
Yes, 7 -20
0.1 – 0.2
m
0.2 – 0.3
yes, > 20
March
S1
SN
Dec
>
SN 0.8 <1
SN
<
SN >300 0.2
S2 = Suitable
S3 = Least Suitable
S1
SN
>1
< 0.2
S1 S1
S3
S3
SN SN
SN = Not Suitable

20. Groundwater
Fresh
groundwater
(< 4dS/m)
Tubewell?
Yes
Surface water
Tubewell
depth
(m)
Month when
river water
(< 3 dS/m)
Storage
capacity
(ML/ha)
Proximity to
fresh SW
source (m)
Shallow
Suitability for
HYV Boro
rice crop
S1
<6
No
7 - 20
S2
> 20
Deep
S1
S3
Mar
Feb
S1
2.5 - 5
Dec
S2
S3
< 100
S2
S3
< 100
S3
> 100
1 – 2.5
< 100
> 100
2.5 - 5
S2
> 100
Jan
S1
> 100
1- 2.5
< 100
SN
SN

21. Groundwater
Fresh
groundwater
(< 4dS/m)
Tubewell?
Yes
Surface water
Tubewell
depth
(m)
Month when
river water
(< 3 dS/m)
Storage
capacity
(ML/ha)
Proximity to
fresh SW
source (m)
Shallow
Suitability for
HYV Boro
rice crop
S1
<6
No
7 - 20
S2
> 20
Deep
S1
S3
Mar
Feb
S1
2.5 - 5
Dec
S2
S2
S3
< 100
S2
S2
S3
< 100
S3
<
> 100
1 – 2.5
< 100
<
> 100
2.5 - 5
S1
S2
<
> 100
Jan
S1
<
> 100
1- 2.5
< 100
S3
SN
SN

22. Example: Input datasets
Min temp – 8th-14th Feb
Flood inundation depth
Soil salinity
Soil texture
Water salinity
Soil pH

23. Example: Input datasets
Through our partners we have obtained the 2011 population and 2008
agricultural census’ at village level. This is a huge and still untapped resource.
Percentage of small farms, <1ha
Values in percent
Percentage of leased land

24. Post larvae shrimp stocking…
1-7 days - Feb
22-28 days - Feb
8-15days - Feb
16-21days - Feb
1-7 days - March

25. Draft maps – not for distribution
Ex Domains: Shrimp – Aman system

26. Draft maps – not for distribution
Traditional aquaculture system

27. Draft maps – not for distribution
Ex. Domains: T. Aus – Aman system

28. Draft maps – not for distribution
What is needed for higher accuracy
Shrimp
Aman Rice

29. WebGIS and access to data …

30. Improve access to / use of information
Bangladesh is a “data rich environment”, with many
institutes, measuring, monitoring and collecting
data.
And yet too much data remains unused, unknown
and at the end of projects it is sometimes lost.
Too many new projects go through the same
expensive, time consuming and frustrating process
of data (re)discovery.
A need for more efficient and transparent access

31. WebGIS to share data and models
Source: esri.com
The best way to get value from data is to give it away
Source: G1 most significant change story

32. WebGIS to share data and models
Data authors/owners publish data on a GIS Server.
Via the WebGIS, the data are accessible to:
• GIS professionals
• Web users
• Mobile users
source: www.schnellinformatics.com
Facilitating open sharing of data and CPWF outputs

33. WebGIS on the “cloud”
We use ESRI ArcGIS Server on an Amazon
Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance
Always on, always accessible, not dependent on
any one partner’s infrastructure
Reliable, resizable, cost effective: 100USD/month

34. Demo system – under construction

35. Demo system – under construction

36. Demo system – under construction

37. Demo system – under construction

38. Demo system – under construction

39. Demo system – under construction

40. Demo system – under construction

41. What is new/exciting?
1. First cropping system maps of the coastal zone
2. Highly detailed: spatial, temporal and thematic
3. Strong scientific based background for the model
4. Strong partnership in G1 to generate and share data
5. WebGIS to make spatial data from CPWF open to all

42. Where next in 2014?
1. Completion of data sets and extrapolation domains
2. Assessment of extrapolation domain maps via focus
group discussions with local planning and
management groups in the coastal zone
3. High resolution current and future land use maps
completed and validated
4. Add more datasets and functionality to webGIS and
make it more user friendly

43. Thank you