RUCoD in CUbRIK at Star2013

1

Rich Unified Content
Description (RUCoD)

Vincenzo Croce
Research & Development
Laboratory

STAR 2013 Lausanne, 18-19 January 2013

Objectives 2

 To develop a formal description for each type of multimedia
content (text, audio, image, video and 3D content)

 To develop formal descriptions for real world and social
information

 To clearly specify the format of the Rich Unified Content
Description (RUCoD)

 To represent in the same format, the actual content
(multimedia information) along with the additional contextual
information (real world, user-related)


The Concept of Content 3

Object
“A Content Object is the representation of a specific
instance of either a physical object or a physical entity (an
entity that has physical existence), which might have
multiple views (many images, videos, audio files, text, real-
world and user-related information).”

Similar approaches:
 Multimedia Document (MMD): a set of co-occurring multimedia
objects (e.g. images, audio and text) that are of different modalities
but carry the same semantics. If two multimedia objects are in the
same MMD, they can be regarded as context of each other.
 Multimedia Bag: defines a container including text instances, image
instances and audio instances that share the shame semantic
concepts


The Concept of Content 4

Object
 A CO may consist of several
media types, user-related
information and real-world
information.
 A CO can be the result of an
authoring process (e.g. using
an authoring tool).
 RUCoD is a formal
representation of a CO
consisting of descriptions
of various media types
somehow associated to
each other.

Example Content Object 5

Great (Cheops) –
3D object
Pyramid of Giza Image

CO:
Great (Cheops) –
Pyramid of Giza

Text: Real-world (location)
It is believed the pyramid was built
as a tomb for Fourth dynasty
Egyptian pharaoh Khufu(or
Cheops) and constructed over a
14 to 20 year period concluding
STAR 2013 Lausanne, 18-19 January 2013 2560 BC…
around

RUCoD Specification 6

Real World Descriptors
Position Weather
Date Time
(GPS, etc) (temperature)
Sensors …
Header
CO ID Creator Version CO Types Multimedia RW-info U-Info …

Header Low-Level Descriptors Real World User-related Descriptors
Descriptors

Low-Level Descriptors
Text-based Image Video Audio 3D
descriptors descriptors descriptors descriptors descriptors …
User-related Descriptors
Expressions Emotions Valence Arousal …

RUCoD Structure 7

Header

L_Descriptor:
-“TextType”
- “Object3D”
- “ImageType”
- “SoundType”
- “VideoType”

R_Descriptor:
- “ContextType”
Description

U_Descriptor:
- “Valence”
- “Arousal”


RUCoD Structure (Header) 8

<Header>
<ContentObjectType>Physical Object</ContentObjectType>
<ContentObjectName xml:lang="en-US">My Bulldog Barking</ContentObjectName>
<ContentObjectID>3577B5EF-523F-4946-9734-C974CEA6C646</ContentObjectID>
<ContentObjectVersion>1</ContentObjectVersion>
<ContentObjectCreationInformation>
<Creator> <Name>CERTH</Name></Creator>
</ContentObjectCreationInformation>
<ContentObjectTypes>
<MultimediaContent type="Text">
<FreeText>It is the image, video and 3D representation… </FreeText>
</MultimediaContent>
<MultimediaContent type="Object3D">
<MediaName>Bulldog</MediaName>
<FileFormat>x-world/x-vrml</FileFormat>
<MediaLocator>
<MediaUri>http://3d-test.iti.gr/dog.wrl</MediaUri>
<MediaPreview>http://3d-test.iti.gr/dog.jpg</MediaPreview>
</MediaLocator>
</MultimediaContent>
<MultimediaContent type="ImageType">
…
</Header>


RUCoD Structure (L-Descriptor) 9

<L_Descriptor type="Object3D">
<MediaName>BulldogLR</MediaName>
<Shape3DDescription type="CMVD" matching="MultiViewL2">
<LowLevelDescriptor totalNumOfViews="18" totalNumOfDescriptors="212"
descriptorType="xsd:float" descriptorSize="3816">
<Store type="Text">
<DescriptorLocator>
<DescriptorUri>http://3d-test.iti.gr/CMVD.descr</DescriptorUri>
</DescriptorLocator>
</Store>
</LowLevelDescriptor>
</Shape3DDescription>
</L_Descriptor>
<L_Descriptor type="SoundType">
<MediaName>BulldogSound2</MediaName>
<AudioDescription type="BarkBands" matching="BrayCurtis">
<LowLevelDescriptor totalNumOfDescriptors="216" descriptorType="xsd:float"
descriptorSize="8 27">
<DescriptorValues>
2.31510340412e-12 3.04525744899e-11 2.56972665369e-10
6.54444409776e-09 2.40772557447e-09 2.14078905714e-08 …
</DescriptorValues>
</AudioDescription>
</L_Descriptor>

RUCoD Structure (R-Descriptor) 10

<R_Descriptor>
<RealWorldDescription type="ContextType">
<ContextSlice>
<Importance>1</Importance>
<DateTime>
<Date>1997-07-16T19:20:30.45+01:00</Date>
<Length>100</Length>
</DateTime>
<SubjectPosition>
<gml:CircleByCenterPoint numArc="1">
<gml:pos>45.8419444 13.4002778</gml:pos>
<gml:radius uom="M">10</gml:radius>
</gml:CircleByCenterPoint>
</SubjectPosition>
<Weather>
<Condition>OVC RA</Condition>
<Temperature>20</Temperature>
<WindSpeed>2</WindSpeed>
<Humidity>94</Humidity>
</Weather>
</ContextSlice>
</RealWorldDescription>
</R_Descriptor>


RUCoD Structure (U-Descriptor) 11

<U_Descriptor type="UserType">
<MediaName>aerosmith-Aerosmith-01-Make_It.mp3</MediaName>
<UserDescription matching="L2Distance" type="AvgValenceArousal">
<LowLevelDescriptor descriptorSize="1 1“
descriptorType="xsd:float" totalNumOfDescriptors="2">
<DescriptorValues>-0.4898 0.42857</DescriptorValues>
</UserDescription>
</U_Descriptor>


RUCoD Schema 12

• RUCoD Schema Final Version (1.4.1) released in
November 2011:
• The RUCoD.xsd Schema file
• The RUCoD_Descriptors.xsd Schema file

http://www.isearch-project.eu/isearch/RUCoD/


Block diagram of the I-SEARCH framework 13


Authoring & Content Analytics
14
Architecture
Authoring

Content Analytics

STAR 2013 Lausanne, 18-19 January 2013 Indexing triggering

RUCoD in I-SEARCH Use 15

Cases Social retrieval
UC2: UC3: Furniture retrieval
of music •Text
•Audio (music) •3D objects
•Text •Images
•Video clip •Real-world (location, time)
UC1: Music retrieval •Real-world (location)
•Audio (music) •Emotions
•Text UC4: Search for Multimedia
using smartphone
•Images
Rich •Text
•Real-world
Unified •3D objects
(location, time) Content •Images
•Emotions
Description •Real-world (location, time)
UC7: Game avatar retrieval
•3D objects UC5: Search for specific
•Images product
•Text
•Video UC6: 3D game component •3D objects
•Emotions retrieval
•Images
•Text
•Video
•3D objects
•Audio (sounds)
•Images
•Real-world (location, time)
•Audio (sounds)
•Emotions
•Real-world
STAR 2013 Lausanne, 18-19 January 2013 (location, time)

Comparison with MPEG-7 16

What we use:
• MediaLocator and MediaUri are used to describe the link
to a specific media item.
• Creator is used for description of the author of a media
item.
• Annotation as a part of RUCoD represents textual
information of a media item or CO.
• Image/Video/Audio Descriptors are used for the low-level
descriptions of the separate media items within a CO.
• Segment is used to describe a temporal video segment.



What we adapted:
• ContentObjectName, ContentObjectCreationInformation
instead of name and CreationInformation to represent the
name and creators of COs.
• TextDescription, Shape3DDescription, ImageDescription and
VideoDescription, similar to MPEG-7 ContentDescription to
distinguish between the descriptors of different modalities
inside the same RUCoD.



What is new:
• Cross-modal & multimodal retrieval are not entirely supported by the
standards.
• New types of information describing the COs are introduced, such as real-
world descriptors and user-related descriptors. These enrich the CO
description and improve the retrieval performance, by introducing new
querying capabilities.
• With respect to low-level descriptor extraction for media items, novel
descriptors are introduced. As an example, for 3D content description, new
state-of-the-art descriptors are introduced, which achieve higher retrieval
performance than those included in MPEG-7. Similarly, new descriptors are
introduced for image, video and audio content.
• The low-level description of media items is also accompanied by
specification of the matching scheme for each descriptor. In this case, the
description scheme does not leave the responsibility for choosing the
appropriate matching method to the search engine.


Comparison with JPSearch

What is similar/different:
• JPSearch is designed in a way that decouples the
components of image search and provides a standard
interface between these components. Its aim is to build a
standard for interoperability among image search and
retrieval systems
• RUCoD specification is focused on the description of
COs and it addresses a broad range of media (apart
from images), real-world and user-related information


Comparison with MPEG-21

What we use:
• A multimodal approach to media (which can be of any type)
• Allowing the creation and attachment of rich metadata to
digital objects



What is similar:
• Ability to create multimedia content objects (Digital Items in
MPEG-21)
• Ability for content adaptation, although achieved differently
(e.g. through FileFormat elements in the RUCoD)
• L-Descriptors and R-Descriptors of RUCoD could be attached
to MPEG-21 objects although not directly foreseen by the
standard



What is different/new:
• The CO broadens the concept of Digital Item making it more
general and flexible
• Unification of the actual metadata and descriptors (e.g. L-
Descriptors) together with real world and user-related parts in
the same format.
• RUCoD is particularly targeted at indexing, sharing, search
and retrieval
• RUCoD overcomes the traditional hierarchical object model
(also foreseen in MPEG-21) allowing for more flexible and
user-centric 'connections' (e.g. RelatedSemanticConcepts
field)


Ongoing Work
• RUCoD initially designed to serve the needs of the I-
SEARCH framework
• However, it is not mature enough to be used in a wider
range of applications.
• RUCoD will be extended within the EU-funded project
CUbRIK (CERTH and ENG are participants).
• RUCoD will be adopted in CUbRIK.
• A first attempt: SMILA Hackathlon, November 2011,
Keiserslautern.
• RUCoD was presented in the workshop
• RUCoD was used as descriptor scheme to check indexing and search
within the SMILA engine


24

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RUCoD in CUbRIK at Star2013

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