Group Presentation for U.S. History

2. Michelle Brown

3. Anthony Douglas

4. Paul McVeigh

5. Saud Queshi

6. Bradley Roberts

7. Jeremy Shaffer

9. (1857-1935)

10. No support from the science community

11. Developed a series of sophisticated wind tunnels, late 1890s

12. Conducted aerodynamic experiments on various aircraft designs

13. Studied the stratosphere

14. Published books:

15. theoretical problems of using rocket engines

16. issues of navigation

17. reentry heating

18. fuel needs

19. Ideas of using oxygen and hydrogen as a fuel for space travel

21. (1882-1945)

22. Worcester Polytechnic Institute of Clark University,1908

23. Graduate Studies

24. Received his Doctorate

25. Taught physics

26. Conducted rocketry experiments

27. 1914, two U.S. patents

28. for liquid fueled rocket engines

29. March 16th, 1926: Tested the first liquid fueled rocket

30. Designs were very primitive

31. set the path for future liquid fueled rocket success

32. Helped launch the first scientific payload in 1929

34. (1884-1989)

35. Pursued studies in Astronautics

36. Conducted experiments to simulate weightlessness

37. Worked out a design for a long-range liquid fueled rocket

38. Published:

39. The Rocket into Interplanetary Space, 1923

40. mathematically explained how a rocket could escape Earth’s gravitational pull using stages

41. Ways to Space Flight, 1929

42. described the development of electric and ion propulsion

43. Liquid-propellant rocket, patent in 1931 from the Romanian Patent Office

45. Developed his own experimental methods

46. Built many wind tunnels in Russia

47. From experiments he derived:

48. a formula relating the rocket’s velocity at any moment, the fuel’s specific impulse and the rocket’s mass in initial and end time

49. the basic equation of rocket propulsion

50. Analysis of rocket behavior under zero gravity

51. Solved the problem of landing on planets lacking atmospheres

52. Founded the theory of interplanetary navigation

53. Showed the possibility of reaching orbital velocities and interplanetary flight

54. Studied the problems with Earth’s artificial satellites

56. Assistant professor at Clark University, Worcester, in 1915

57. Began experimenting the efficiency of rockets

58. Conservation of momentum

59. Momentum measured equals the momentum burned

60. Mass of rocket before and after firing gives the mass of the ejected gas

61. Then the velocity could be deduced

62. Knowing the mass and velocity the kinetic energy given to the gas found

63. A specific amount of fuel is burned, Measured the heat given off, the total amount of chemical energy converted to heat could be determined

64. Findings are disappointing, only about 2% of the available energy contributed to the speed of the jet

65. Experimented with various nozzle designs

66. Found the nozzle by Gustav DeLaval obtained efficiencies up to 63%

67. Experiments showed that rockets could work in a vacuum

68. It was possible to achieve escape velocity with a rocket

69. Optimum efficiency would be produced from a multi-staged rocket

70. Shared his results with the Smithsonian Institution in Washington

71. he wanted support to build a rocket that could reach the high atmosphere

72. 1917 the Smithsonian responded with a grant of $5000

75. One of the ways the two superpowers competed was the Space Race.

76. The Space Race was initiated on October 4, 1957 by the Soviet Union, when they launched Sputnik 1.

78. The first step that the United States made in catching up to the Soviets was in the successful launch of Alan Shepard into space on May 5, 1961

80. USA: The first Apollo mission on January 27, 1967 was a tragic failure.

82. “Folpnik” or “Kaputnik”

83. Steps towards ultimate goal: The Moon

84. Mercury Program

85. Gemini Program

87. Vostok series of rockets

88. Soyuz series or rockets

90. Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first men on the Moon.

91. Though the landing on the moon ended the Space Race, NASA and the Soviets continued to develop their space technology and began working on a project, Apollo-Soyuz which eased tensions between the two nations.

93. Dog in space

94. Man in space

95. Rendezvous

96. woman in space

97. Three man crew

98. Spacewalk

99. Sets endurance records

100. Leave Earth orbit

101. Orbit the moon

103. The prospect of reaching the cosmos allowed peoples minds to wander

104. During the Space Race UFO sightings increased dramatically

105. Stories of abduction began to run rampant

110. It’s impact on our culture is still visible today

111. Science Fiction is an extremely popular genre of movie and television show

113. Dedication

114. Deadlines

115. The New Frontier: Space

116. Relations with Russia

117. Now

119. Started on October 4, 1957.

120. Ended on July 20, 1969.

121. Both sides suffered casualties.

123. The Space Race http://nebraskastudies.org/0900/frameset_reset.html?http://nebraskastudies.org/0900/stories/0901_0105.html

125. Early Astronomy

126. http://faculty.erau.edu/ericksol/courses/sp11/sp110_astro.html

127. Evolution of Space Flight

129. Space Race http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Race