1. Global and European
Business Environment :
What is environment ?
Christophe Benavent
Professor – University Paris Ouest
26 avr. 2011 http://christophe-benavent.blogspot.com 1
3. Functional components
„ Customer Market -> downward markets
„ Financial resources -> macro-economics
„ Supply -> upward markets
„ Production and distribution technologies
„ Human resources
„ Legal and institutional environment
„ Environmental aspects : externalities
„ Public opinion and ethics : legitimacy
„ …
26 avr. 2011 http://christophe-benavent.blogspot.com
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4. The PESTEL model
„ Political
„ Economical
„ Sociological
„ Technological
„ Environmental
„ Legal
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5. General and specific
environment
Macro
Global environment Specific environment
General Task
General environment Local environment
Micro
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6. A system view of task
environment
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7. A system view of general
environment
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8. The 2007 crisis system
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9. Environment uncertainty
„ A classical organizational variable
ƒ Dynamism
ƒ Heterogeneity
ƒ Munificence
ƒ Complexity
„ Exemples :
ƒ organisations as reducing uncertainty ( buffering and
smoothing) Thomson
ƒ Contingency theory : Lawrence and lorsch
ƒ Ressources Dependence Theory : complexity and
network of stakeholder influence
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12. Environment/strategy link
„ Different views
ƒ The contingency view : adaptation view of
environment (Lawrence and Lorsch)
ƒ organizational Ecology : a determinist
environment ( Hanan and Freeman)
ƒ The enactement view : a constructed
environment (Weick)
ƒ The strategic management view : the
modeled or choice environment ( Ansoff)
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15. Rent theory
Domination Hyper-
Rentes Différentielles
par les coûts compétitivité
-économie d'échelle
-économie d'expérience
-économie d'envergure
Concurrence
Focalisation monopolistique
Rentes de monopole
-Différenciation
-Domestication
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16. Environment adaptation
Selection Reconfiguration
Mobility
The firm could change
Its position and choose
The environment
Accommodation Assimilation
Market power
The firm could influence,
modify, model its environment
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17. The grain of environment
Polymorphist
Specialist
Amplitude
Mecanist « Improvisist »
frequency
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18. Processus
d ’apprentissage
Extensive
Apprentissage Apprentissage
par l'échec Théorique
Apprentissage
Accidentel par imitation Intentionnel
Apprentissage Apprentissage
par l'usage expérimental
Intensif
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19. Boundaries and frontier
General Field
Uncertainties
Bridges
Internal field
Barriers
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22. Trends
1. shifts in economic activity and growth between and within regions of the world;
2. increasing demand for goods and services among the very poor in emerging
markets; (Bope)
3. a faster pace and wider locus of technological innovation;
4. Increasingly global labor markets : migrations ?
5. increasingly ubiquitous and inexpensive access to information and knowledge.
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